National Shooting Sports Foundation Inc

NATIONAL GUN LOCK AND FIREARM SAFETY EDUCATION PROGRAM

INCREASE HUNTING LICENSE BUYERS AND EXCISE TAX RECEIPTS THROUGH STATE-INDUSTRY COOPERATIVE RECRUITMENT AND RETENTION RESEARCH AND TESTING

PROJECT CHILDSAFE FIREARMS SAFETY EDUCATION PROGRAM

FY 2020 M-MSCGP:COMBINING STATES AND INDUSTRY RESOURCES TO INCREASE R3 SUCCESS.

FY 2020 R3 MSCGP, ASSESSING THE QUALITY AND AVAILABILITY OF HUNTING & SHOOTING ACCESS IN THE U.S.

TODAY, BLACK AMERICANS REPRESENT ONE OF THE FASTEST GROWING SEGMENTS OF FIREARM OWNERS AND SPORT SHOOTERS. THE LATEST SPORT SHOOTING PARTICIPATION TREND SURVEY CONDUCTED BY RESPONSIVE MANAGEMENT IN 2023 FOR THE NATIONAL SHOOTING SPORTS FOUNDATION (NSSF) FOUND THAT BLACK RESIDENTS ARE THE MOST LIKELY GROUP TO BE NEW SPORT SHOOTERS, MEANING THOSE WHO HAVE TAKEN UP THE ACTIVITY WITHIN THE PAST 5 YEARS. FURTHER, A RECENT NSSF SURVEY OF FIREARM RETAILERS DETERMINED THAT BLACK AMERICANS PURCHASES OF FIREARMS IN 2020 WERE 58 HIGHER THAN IN THE PREVIOUS YEAR THAT UPWARD TREND CONTINUED THE FOLLOWING YEAR, WITH ROUGHLY HALF OF FIREARM RETAILERS REPORTING INCREASED TRAFFIC FROM BLACK GUN PURCHASERS. SIMILARLY, A RECENT RESPONSIVE MANAGEMENT SURVEY FOR THE SPORTSMENS ALLIANCE FOUNDATION FOUND THAT LATENT INTEREST IN SPORT SHOOTING AMONG ACTIVE MILITARY PERSONNEL IS ASSOCIATED WITH BEING BLACK (AMONG OTHER CHARACTERISTICS). THE NATIONAL AFRICAN AMERICAN GUN ASSOCIATION, WHICH WAS FOUNDED IN 2015, NOW HAS OVER 45,000 ACTIVE MEMBERS ACROSS MORE THAN 100 CHAPTERS NATIONWIDE (NOTABLY, ABOUT HALF OF THE ORGANIZATIONS MEMBERS ARE FEMALE). DESPITE THIS PROMISING GRASSROOTS ACTIVITY, SIGNIFICANT GAPS REMAIN IN THE AVAILABLE RESEARCH ON THE R3 (RECRUITMENT, RETENTION, REACTIVATION) NEEDS AND OPPORTUNITIES OF BLACK AMERICANS WHEN IT COMES TO FIREARM OWNERSHIP AND SPORT SHOOTING PARTICIPATION. THE PURPOSE OF THIS PROJECT IS TO DEVELOP TARGETED R3 STRATEGIES, COMMUNICATIONS, AND OUTREACH MATERIALS FOR BLACK AMERICANS REGARDING THEIR PURCHASES OF FIREARMS AND THEIR PARTICIPATION IN TARGET AND SPORT SHOOTING ACTIVITIES. THE OVERALL GOAL IS TO ENSURE THAT BLACK AMERICANS INITIAL EXPERIENCE WITH A FIREARM IS A POSITIVE EXPERIENCE AND NOT A NEGATIVE EXPERIENCE, ESPECIALLY THROUGH R3 PROGRAMS AND MESSAGES THAT FOCUS ON THE UNIQUE MOTIVATIONS THAT DRIVE BLACK AMERICANS TO BUY FIREARMS AND REGULARLY ENGAGE IN SPORT SHOOTING. THE PROJECT WILL EMPLOY NEW DATA COLLECTION TO BETTER UNDERSTAND FIREARM OWNERSHIP AND SPORT SHOOTING PARTICIPATION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF BLACK U.S. RESIDENTS. NEW MESSAGING AND COMMUNICATIONS OUTREACH MATERIAL TO ENCOURAGE INTEREST AND PARTICIPATION IN SPORT SHOOTING AMONG BLACK PEOPLE WILL THEN BE DEVELOPED BY JMI, A RICHMOND, VIRGINIA-BASED, BLACK-OWNED-AND-OPERATED MARKETING AND COMMUNICATIONS FIRM.

FROM 2009 TO 2022, SHOOTING SPORTS PARTICIPATION INCREASED 85% (NSSF SPORT SHOOTING PARTICIPATION IN THE UNITED STATES), A RATE GREATER THAN THE GROWTH IN SHOOTING RANGE CAPACITY. THIS DEMAND SURGE HAS LEFT MANY NEW AND LONG-TIME ENTHUSIASTS WITH NOWHERE TO SHOOT. FURTHER, A LACK OF CONVENIENTLY LOCATED RANGES ALSO REDUCES SHOOTING SPORTS PARTICIPATION AS THIRTY MINUTES WAS FOUND TO BE THE LIMIT MOST PEOPLE WILL TRAVEL TO VISIT A RANGE SPORTSMENS ALLIANCE FOUNDATION, MULTISTATE CONSERVATION GRANT (MSCG) #F24AP00312 . MAINTAINING AND GROWING SHOOTING SPORTS PARTICIPATION DEPENDS ON AN ADEQUATE NUMBER OF CONVENIENT PLACES TO SAFELY SHOOT. THE NEED IS TO PROVIDE GREATER SHOOTING RANGE CAPACITY, ESPECIALLY NEAR WHERE PEOPLE LIVE. THE PURPOSE OF THIS PROJECT IS TO HELP STATES IDENTIFY WHERE NEW AND EXPANDED SHOOTING RANGES ARE NEEDED MOST. WITH FUNDING FROM MSCG #F23AP00834, THE NATIONAL SHOOTING SPORTS FOUNDATION (NSSF) PILOTED A GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS) APPROACH THAT SUCCESSFULLY MAPPED AND IDENTIFIED WHERE UNMET DEMAND FOR PLACES TO SHOOT WAS THE GREATEST. THIS WAS DONE FOR MANY STATES SIMULTANEOUSLY USING STANDARDIZED TECHNIQUES. EACH OF THE 12 TEST STATES RECEIVED MAPS SHOWING WHERE NEW RANGES OR ADDITIONAL CAPACITY WERE NEEDED MOST (HTTPS: WWW.NSSF.ORG RANGES STATEAGENCIES ). THE REMAINING 38 STATES STILL DO NOT HAVE SUCH INFORMATION, AND ADVANCES IDENTIFIED IN THE INITIAL PILOT EFFORT WILL ALLOW IMPROVEMENTS TO THE ORIGINAL 12 STATES RESULTS. IN PARTNERSHIP WITH THE SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION OF FISH AND WILDLIFE AGENCIES (SEAFWA) AND THE MIDWEST ASSOCIATION OF FISH AND WILDLIFE AGENCIES (MAFWA), THE NSSF WILL PROVIDE THE SAME MAPS AND INSIGHTS FOR THE REMAINING 38 STATES, PLUS PROVIDE UPDATED AND ENHANCED MAPS FOR THE ORIGINAL 12 PILOT STATES. STATE WILDLIFE AGENCIES ARE THE INTENDED BENEFICIARY, WITH THE RESULTS ALSO OF SERVICE TO COMMERCIAL PUBLIC RANGES. THE RESULTS WILL HELP GUIDE STATE EFFORTS TO LOCATE NEW RANGES AND EXPAND CURRENT SITES IN PLACES WITH THE GREATEST UNMET DEMAND, WITH THE OUTCOME OF INCREASED SHOOTING SPORTS PARTICIPATION. RESULTS WILL BE PROVIDED TO EACH STATE IN HIGH-RESOLUTION VISUAL MAPS ACCOMPANIED BY TEXT EXPLAINING THE DATA SOURCES, METHODS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS REGARDING WHERE TO EXPAND RANGE CAPACITY. NSSF WILL BE ASSISTED BY SOUTHWICK ASSOCIATES AS A SUBRECIPIENT, GIVEN THEIR EXTENSIVE EXPERIENCE IN CONDUCTING RECRUITMENT, RETENTION, REACTIVATION (R3) AND CAPACITY RESEARCH FOR THE RECREATIONAL SHOOTING SPORTS COMMUNITY.

QUANTIFY AND COMMUNICATE THE BENEFITS FROM WSFR EXCISE TAX PAYMENTS TO STRENGTHEN STATE-FEDERAL-INDUSTRY RELATIONS

AWARD PURPOSE THIS PROJECT WILL HELP STATE WILDLIFE AGENCIES BETTER UNDERSTAND THE OPPORTUNITIES TO BUILD ADDITIONAL PUBLIC SHOOTING RANGES USING EXCISE TAX FUNDS.ACTIVITIES TO BE PERFORMED THIS PROJECT WILL ORGANIZE AND PROVIDE CRITICAL RANGE DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE RESOURCES AND SERVICES THROUGH ONE COMPREHENSIVE, COOPERATIVE EFFORT BETWEEN STATES AND INDUSTRY. THE RESULTS WILL HELP STATES DEVELOP NEW RANGE CAPACITY IN AREAS OF GREATEST DEMAND, TAP INTO FINANCIAL AND RANGE DESIGN EXPERTISE AND RESOURCES, AND SUPPORT TARGET SHOOTING PARTICIPATION TO HIGHER LEVELS WHICH IN TURNS PROVIDES GREATER RESOURCES FOR WILDLIFE AND HABITAT CONSERVATION.EXPECTED DELIVERABLES OR OUTCOMES 1. DEMONSTRATE HOW STATES CAN IDENTIFY AREAS WHERE TARGET SHOOTING DEMAND IS UNDER SERVED.2. EFFECTIVELY TRANSFER ALL FINDINGS TO STATES.3. ENGAGE WITH AT LEAST FIVE (5) STATES TO IDENTIFY QUESTIONS AND TOPICS NECESSARY FOR INCLUSION.4. HELP STATES MAKE THE CASE FOR EXPANDED TARGET SHOOTING OPPORTUNITIES.5. INCREASE UNDERSTANDING OF THE NEW TARGET PRACTICE AND MARKSMANSHIP TRAINING SUPPORT ACT.6. PROVIDE CASE STUDIES THAT IDENTIFY AND EXPLAIN PARTNERING AND FINANCIAL RESOURCES STATES CAN ACCESS TOINCREASE SHOOTING OPPORTUNITIES.INTENDED BENEFICIARIES PARTICIPATION IN TARGET SHOOTING HAS INCREASED 65 PERCENT, FROM 34 MILLION IN 2009 TO 56 MILLION PARTICIPANTS IN 2020 (NSSF). YOUTH ORGANIZATIONS ARE REPORTING RECORD PARTICIPATION IN SHOOTING SPORTS. THE RECENT SURGE IN PARTICIPATION AND FIREARM SALES HAS LEFT MANY FIRST TIME OWNERS WITH NOWHERE TO SHOOT. THESE ISSUES HAVE LED TO MANY PEOPLE BEING TURNED AWAY FROM RANGES WHILE OTHERS DON T HAVE CONVENIENT RANGE OPTIONS. BY COMBINING STATES AND INDUSTRY EXPERIENCE INTO ONE COMPREHENSIVE AND COOPERATIVE EFFORT, STATES CAN BETTER EXPAND PUBLIC TARGET SHOOTING OPPORTUNITIES.SUBRECIPIENT ACTIVITIES CONTRACTOR, SOUTHWICK ASSOCIATES WILL ASSIST WITH THE STATES SURVEY PLUS WILL CONDUCT THE GIS DEMAND ASSESSMENT BASED ON THEIR PREVIOUS EFFORTS THAT PIONEERED LOCATING SHOOTING DEMAND.

AWARD PURPOSE THE NORTH AMERICAN MODEL OF WILDLIFE CONSERVATION HAS BEEN ACHIEVED VIA CORE FUNDING SOURCES INCLUDING MANUFACTURERS EXCISE TAX PAYMENTS FROM FIREARMS, AMMUNITION, ARCHERY, AND FISHING MANUFACTURERS, AND A PORTION OF TAXES ON MOTOR BOAT FUELS. THE BENEFITS AND THE WORK THAT WILDLIFE AGENCIES CONDUCT USING THOSE FUNDS ARE NOT WIDELY KNOWN BY EXCISE TAX PAYING MANUFACTURERS AND EVEN LESS KNOWN BY OUTDOORSMEN AND WOMEN AND THE GENERAL POPULATION. THE NEED TO PARTNER FEDERAL AND STATE AGENCIES WITH INDUSTRY TO WORK TOGETHER IN COMMUNICATING THIS IMPRESSIVE SYSTEM AND THE SUCCESS STORIES STEMMING FROM THE USE OF EXCISE TAXES WITHIN THEINDUSTRY, AS WELL AS, TO A BROADER AUDIENCE IS IMPERATIVE TO KEEPING THIS SYSTEM IN PLACE.ACTIVITIES TO BE PERFORMED OBJECTIVE 1 COORDINATE AND PARTICIPATE IN OR SPONSOR 8 EVENTS BY 9 30 2023. CONDUCT EIGHT (8) FIELD OR FACILITIES TOURS TO ENGAGE STATE, FEDERAL AGENCY STAFF AND INDUSTRY LEADERS AND COMMUNICATION STAFF. NSSF WILL WORK WITH USFWS, STATE WILDLIFE AGENCIES, AND EXCISE TAX PAYING MANUFACTURERS ACROSS ALL INDUSTRIES TO EXPAND AN INITIATIVE ENTITLED PARTNER WITH A PAYER WHICH HAS BEEN SUCCESSFULLY PILOTED OVER THE PAST 24 MONTHS. OBJECTIVE 2 DEVELOP SIX (6) VIDEOS THAT HIGHLIGHT THE BENEFITS OF EXCISE TAXES BY 9 30 2023.THE SIX (6) VIDEOS WILL HIGHLIGHT THE BENEFITS OF MANUFACTURES EXCISE TAXES ON THE CONSERVATION ACHIEVEMENTS AND PUBLIC ACCESS (HUNTING TARGET SHOOTING) OPPORTUNITIES, EDUCATION PROGRAMS AND PARTNERSHIPS THAT EXIST. OBJECTIVE 3 RELEVANCY AND INCLUSION AND PARTICIPATION. A COMMUNICATIONS FIRM WILL BE CONTRACTED TO VIDEO DOCUMENT AND PROMOTE A MINIMUM OF SIX PARTNER WITH A PAYER EVENTS ACROSS MULTIPLE REGIONS. PROMOTIONAL MATERIALS WILL BE DISTRIBUTED TO ALL PARTIES AND COMMUNICATED TO A VAST AUDIENCE USING A VARIETY OF MEDIUMS INCLUDING SOCIAL, WEB, EMAIL, PRINT, AND LIVE PRESENTATIONS.EXPECTED DELIVERABLES OR OUTCOMES A COMMUNICATIONS FIRM WILL BE CONTRACTED TO VIDEO DOCUMENT AND PROMOTE A MINIMUM OF SIX PARTNER WITH A PAYER EVENTS ACROSS MULTIPLE REGIONS. PROMOTIONAL MATERIALS WILL BE DISTRIBUTED TO ALL PARTIES AND COMMUNICATED TO A VAST AUDIENCE USING A VARIETY OF MEDIUMS INCLUDING SOCIAL, WEB, EMAIL, PRINT, AND LIVE PRESENTATIONS. MEDIA DELIVERY WILL BE THROUGH STATE AND FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OUTLETS AS WELL AS NSSF LEVERAGING ITS MEMBER BASE CONSISTING OF APPROXIMATELY 9,000 MANUFACTURERS, RETAILERS, RANGES AND MEDIA TO ASSIST WITH PROMOTION OF THE DEVELOPED MATERIALS BOTH WITHIN THE INDUSTRY AS WELL AS TO CONSUMERS. OTHER TRADEASSOCIATIONS WILL LEVERAGE THEIR SOCIAL MEDIA AND COMMUNICATIONS OUTLETS AS WELL. VIDEOS FROM PREVIOUSMSG GRANTS RELATED TO THESE OUTCOMES CAN BE FOUND AT HTTPS WWW.NSSF.ORG MANUFACTURERS PARTNER WITHPAYER INTENDED BENEFICIARIES EXCISE TAX PAYING MANUFACTURERS AS WELL AS OUTDOORSMEN AND WOMEN AND THE GENERAL POPULATION FROM ALL 50 STATES.SUBRECIPIENT ACTIVITIES CONTRACTUAL THIS PROJECT WILL REQUIRE CONTRACTUAL ASSISTANCE FOR 1) ASSISTANCE WITH ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTIONS INCLUDING STATE INDUSTRY RECRUITMENT AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND COORDINATION, 2) EXPANDING THE PARTNER WITH A PAYER INITIATIVE BY CREATING VIDEO CONTENT OF AT LEAST SIX PARTNER WITH A PAYER EVENTS IN VARIOUS REGIONS, PAID PROMOTION AND COMMUNICATION OF CREATIVE CONTENT (VIDEOS, PHOTOS) TO REACH VAST NATIONAL AUDIENCES INCLUDING AGENCY, INDUSTRY AND CONSUMERS WITH DIFFERENT MESSAGES PERTAINING TO CONSERVATION TO EACH AUDIENCE.

CHURN RATES, OR THE PERCENTAGE OF HUNTERS NOT PARTICIPATING EACH YEAR, HAVE HELD BETWEEN 21% TO 27% ANNUALLY FOR THE PAST FIVE YEARS, ACCORDING TO THE GRANT-FUNDED HUNTING LICENSE DASHBOARD. EVEN THE PANDEMIC DID NOT NOTABLY REDUCE CHURN RATES, MEANING WE LOSE APPROXIMATELY ONE-QUARTER OF OUR HUNTERS EACH YEAR, OFFSETTING OUR SUCCESSES WITH NEW RECRUITS. HIGH CHURN RATES HINDER STATES AND NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION S (NGO) ABILITIES TO MAINTAIN PARTICIPATION AND TO MAXIMIZE SOCIAL AWARENESS AND SUPPORT FOR HUNTING. THOUGH STATES CONTINUALLY ENCOURAGE PEOPLE TO CONTINUE HUNTING, WE HAVE A LIMITED UNDERSTANDING OF WHY MANY HUNTERS OFTEN CHOOSE OTHER RECREATIONS. BY NOT UNDERSTANDING HOW AND WHY OTHER ACTIVITIES OFTEN ARE PREFERRED OVER HUNTING, OUR ABILITY TO RETAIN HUNTERS IS LIMITED. THE MOST RECENT INSIGHTS REGARDING WHICH ACTIVITIES OFTEN WIN OVER HUNTERS, WHY THEY WIN AND HOW TO OVERCOME THESE CHALLENGES IS 14 YEARS OLD NATIONAL SHOOTING SPORTS FOUNDATIONS UNDERSTANDING ACTIVITIES THAT COMPETE WITH HUNTING AND TARGET SHOOTING (2011) . GIVEN THE SOCIAL AND PARTICIPATION CHANGES OVER THE PAST DECADE AND A HALF, BASING RETENTION EFFORTS ON SUCH OLD DATA MAY SEND STATES R3 (RECRUITMENT, RETENTION, REACTIVATION) AND MARKETING EFFORTS OFF TRACK. WITH ASSISTANCE FROM SOUTHWICK ASSOCIATES, WE WILL EXAMINE PARTICIPATION TRENDS USING LICENSE DATA, THEN SURVEY FORMER AND INFREQUENT HUNTERS TO LEARN WHY THEY HUNT(ED), WHAT THEY LIKE AND DISLIKED, WHICH RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES THEY ENGAGE IN INSTEAD OF HUNTING, WHY THESE OTHER ACTIVITIES ARE OFTEN PREFERRED, PLUS OPTIMAL MESSAGE IMAGERY SUPPORT TACTICS WE CAN FIELD TO IMPROVE HUNTER RETENTION EFFORTS. RESULTS WILL BE SHARED WIDELY IN VISUALLY APPEALING SUMMARY REPORTS WITH ALL STATES, HUNTING NGOS AND INDUSTRY AND THE R3 CLEARINGHOUSE. WORK WILL BEGIN WITH A CAREFUL REVIEW OF RECENT WILDLIFE AND SPORT FISH RESTORATION-FUNDED PROJECTS TO ENSURE WE COMPLEMENT EXISTING INFORMATION. THE RESULTS WILL HELP BOOST HUNTER RETENTION RATES AND INCREASE PARTICIPATION IN HUNTING.

IMPROVING RECRUITMENT OF NEW HUNTERS AND RECREATIONAL SHOOTERS.

FY 2020 M-MSCGP: INCREASE INDUSTRY & AGENCY RELATIONS AND COMMUNICATIONS BY EXPANDING PARTNER WITH A PAYER INITIATIVE

HUNTING, FISHING, AND SPORT SHOOTING RECRUITMENT AND RETENTION: A PRACTITIONER'S GUIDE

WITH PASSAGE OF THE TARGET PRACTICE MARKSMANSHIP TRAINING AND SUPPORT ACT (TARMARC) OF 2019, STATES CAN NOW APPLY A LARGER PERCENT OF THEIR ANNUAL WILDLIFE RESTORATION (WR) FUNDS TO RANGE DEVELOPMENT, IMPROVEMENT, EXPANSION, OPERATIONS AND MARKETING. SEVERAL MULTISTATE CONSERVATION GRANT-FUNDED RESOURCES HAVE BECOME AVAILABLE SINCE THEN TO HELP STATES AND SHOOTING RANGE NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS (NGO) UNDERSTAND WHERE NEW RANGES ARE NEEDED MOST, THE TYPES OF SHOOTING ACTIVITIES CONSUMERS PREFER, CASE STUDIES TO ASSIST IN RANGE DESIGN AND OPERATIONS, HOW TO ATTRACT MORE NON-TRADITIONAL PARTICIPANTS, AVAILABLE FUNDING AND PARTNERING SOURCES, AND MORE. THE NATIONAL SHOOTING SPORTS FOUNDATION (NSSF) AND OTHER NGOS ALSO HAVE ADDITIONAL RANGE DEVELOPMENT RESOURCES AVAILABLE TO STATES. HOWEVER, THESE GRANT AND PRIVATELY FUNDED RANGE-SUPPORT RESOURCES ARE SCATTERED AND CONVERSATIONS WITH STATES INDICATE MANY ARE NOT AWARE OF THEM. THE RESULT IS LIMITED APPLICATION IN STATES EFFORTS TO INCREASE SHOOTING RANGE DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS, LOWER TARGET SHOOTING PARTICIPATION AND LOWER RETURNS ON WR INVESTMENTS IN RANGE DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT, OPERATIONAL AND MARKETING ACTIVITIES. TO HELP MORE STATES BENEFIT FROM GRANT-FUNDED AND INDUSTRY SHOOTING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT TOOLS, NSSF WILL COMBINE THESE RESOURCES INTO EASY-TO-USE TOOLKITS WITH A FOCUS ON BREVITY AND ACCESSIBILITY, AND THEN MOST IMPORTANTLY, SHARE THEM WITH PUBLIC AND PRIVATE RANGES DIRECTLY (THE BENEFICIARIES), VIA REGULAR NSSF AND SHOOTING NGO COMMUNICATIONS, AND THROUGH A DETAILED SERIES OF RECORDED WEBINARS AND IN-PERSON PRESENTATIONS, BOTH REGIONALLY AND NATIONALLY. THE RESULTS WILL HELP IMPROVE STATES AND NGOS ABILITY TO BUILD NEW RANGES, IMPROVE CURRENT RANGES, MAXIMIZE PARTICIPATION AND ACHIEVE GREATER RESULTS FROM FUTURE WR-BASED RANGE INVESTMENTS.

CONVERTING 2020'S SURGE OF NEW FIREARM AND HUNTING LICENSE OWNERS INTO ACTIVE HUNTERS AND TARGET SHOOTERS

PLANNING AND COORDINATION OF THE 2016 NATIONAL SURVEY

QUANTIFY AND COMMUNICATE THE ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE OF HUNTING AND SHOOTING SPORTS

MS 2019

NSSF MEET DEMAND BY BUILDING/ENHANCING SHOOTING RANGES WITH EXCISE TAXES