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Source: IRS e-Filed Form 990 (from the IRS e-File system), Tax Year 2024
Total Revenue
▼$8.2M
Program Spending
88%
of total expenses go to program services
Total Contributions
$674.8K
Total Expenses
▼$10.3M
Total Assets
$19.7M
Total Liabilities
▼$900.4K
Net Assets
$18.8M
Officer Compensation
→$376.1K
Other Salaries
$4.1M
Investment Income
$840.2K
Fundraising
▼N/A
Source: USAspending.gov · Searched by organization name
VA/DoD Awards
$1.3M
VA/DoD Award Count
1
Funding from the Department of Veterans Affairs and/or Department of Defense.
Total Federal Funding
$31.4M
Awards Found
37
| Awarding Agency | Description | Amount | Fiscal Year | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Department of Health and Human Services | CELL-MEDIATED PROTECTION AGAINST PNEUMONIC PLAGUE | $2.7M | FY2004 | Sep 2004 – Feb 2015 |
| Department of Health and Human Services | REGULATION OF MEMORY CD8+ T CELL RECRUITMENT TO THE LUNG | $2.3M | FY2008 | Jan 2008 – Dec 2012 |
| Department of Health and Human Services | T CELL MEMORY TO TB IN THE LUNG | $2.3M | FY2008 | Apr 2008 – Mar 2013 |
| Department of Health and Human Services | T CELL RESPONSES TO CHRONIC BACTERIAL INFECTION | $2.3M | FY2008 | Mar 2008 – Feb 2013 |
| Department of Health and Human Services | THE INTERDEPENDENCE BETWEEN T AND B CELLS IN TH2 CELL DIFFERENTIATION | $2M | FY2008 | Jul 2008 – Jun 2013 |
| Department of Health and Human Services | ROLES FOR COAGULATION IN IMMUNITY | $1.8M | FY2002 | Aug 2002 – Aug 2012 |
| Department of Health and Human Services | THE ROLE OF IL-4 AND IL-4RALPHA IN THE MULTI-STEP PROCESS OF TH2 DEVELOPMENT | $1.6M | FY2007 | Nov 2006 – Oct 2011 |
| Department of Health and Human Services | THE ROLE OF IL-12P40 IN THE RESPONSE OF PULMONARY DENDRITIC CELLS TO TUBERCULOSIS | $1.4M | FY2006 | Jun 2006 – May 2011 |
| Department of Health and Human Services | MEMORY T CELL SUBSETS AND PULMONARY IMMUNITY | $1.3M | FY2006 | May 2006 – Apr 2011 |
| VA/DoDDepartment of Defense | ZIKA VIRUS COUNTERMEASURES PRE-CLINICAL PREGNANCY MODELS TO ASSESS PROTECTIVE EFFICACY AGAINST PLACENTAL DAMAGE AND FETAL DEMISE | $1.3M | FY2019 | Jul 2019 – Jun 2023 |
| Department of Health and Human Services | DENDRITIC CELL FUNCTION IN SCHISTOSOMIASIS | $1.3M | FY2002 | Apr 2002 – Mar 2011 |
| Department of Health and Human Services | AGING, T CELL REPERTOIRE, AND CELLULAR IMMUNITY TO INFLUENZA VIRUS | $1.2M | FY2011 | Aug 2011 – May 2016 |
| Department of Health and Human Services | RESEARCH TRAINING IN IMMUNOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES | $1.1M | FY2001 | Jul 2001 – Jun 2016 |
| Department of Health and Human Services | IMMUNOGENICITY AND EFFICACY OF GENETICALLY ENGINEERED GAMMA-HERPESVIRUS VACCINES | $1000K | FY2009 | Sep 2009 – Aug 2011 |
| Department of Health and Human Services | OPTIMIZATION OF ANTITUBERCULAR COMPOUNDS AGAINST A NOVEL MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS TARGET, ASPC - TUBERCULOSIS (TB) IS ONCE AGAIN THE LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH FROM INFECTIOUS DISEASE. CURRENT TB TREATMENTS ARE COMPLEX, LENGTHY AND HAVE UNDESIRABLE SIDE EFFECTS. AS A RESULT, CASES OF MULTI-DRUG RESISTANT AND EXTENSIVELY-DRUG RESISTANT TB ARE ON THE RISE. COMPOUNDING THIS PROBLEM OF RISING DRUG RESISTANCE IS THE NOTABLE LACK OF INNOVATION IN DRUG DISCOVERY; NEW ANTIBIOTICS ARE OFTEN CHEMICALLY SIMILAR, TARGET THE SAME FEW BACTERIAL PATHWAYS (E.G. CELL WALL, NUCLEIC ACID AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS) FOR WHICH MECHANISMS OF RESISTANCE ARE WELL ESTABLISHED, AND ARE SLOW TO COME TO MARKET. THEREFORE, THE DISCOVERY OF CHEMICALLY DISTINCT THERAPEUTICS THAT ACT VIA NOVEL MECHANISMS IS NECESSARY TO OVERCOME THE EMERGENCE OF RESISTANT STRAINS. IN ADDITION, DRUG REPURPOSING REPRESENTS AN ATTRACTIVE OPTION TO MITIGATE COST, TIME AND SAFETY RISK ASSOCIATED WITH ANTIBIOTIC DEVELOPMENT. WE HAVE IDENTIFIED A MOLECULE (TI-374) WITH HIGH POTENCY (0.1 ΜG/ML) AGAINST MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS (MTB), ORIGINALLY IDENTIFIED TO TREAT COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT ASSOCIATED WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA AND PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS. PRELIMINARY DATA INDICATES THAT THIS MOLECULE ACTS ON A NOVEL MTB TARGET, THE ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE ASPC, WHICH WAS OBSERVED TO BE ESSENTIAL IN A TRANSPOSON MUTAGENESIS SCREEN AND WE SHOW TO BE IMPORTANT FOR BACTERIAL SURVIVAL IN A MURINE MODEL OF MTB INFECTION. TI-374 HAS DRUG-LIKE AND LEAD- LIKE PROPERTIES, A NOVEL MECHANISM OF ACTION AND A DISTINCTIVE CHEMICAL STRUCTURE, THEREBY ADDRESSING THE MAJOR HURDLES PLAGUING ANTIBIOTIC DRUG DEVELOPMENT. WE HAVE PROPOSED TO OPTIMIZE TI-374 AGAINST MTB AND PROGRESS IT INTO A LEAD COMPOUND. KEY IDEAS UNDERLYING OUR APPROACH ARE AS FOLLOWS: (I) TAKING A LIGAND-BASED APPROACH, WE WILL EXPAND STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP (SAR) AND OPTIMIZE POTENCY FOR EFFICACY AGAINST MTB ASPC USING ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY ASSAYS AS WELL AS ON-TARGET ASPC ENZYMATIC ASSAYS AND OFF-TARGET ENZYMATIC ASSAYS TO COUNTER SCREEN AGAINST THE ORIGINAL HUMAN TARGET AND A KNOWN HUMAN ORTHOLOG, (II) ADVANCEMENT OF POTENT, ON- TARGET ANALOGS TO EXTENSIVE IN VITRO ADME AND IN VIVO PK STUDIES AND (III) CHARACTERIZATION OF PHARMACOLOGICAL AND GENETIC INHIBITION OF ASPC IN A MURINE CHRONIC INFECTION MODEL. WITH COMPLETION OF THIS PROPOSAL, WE EXPECT TO IDENTIFY 1-2 ADVANCED LEADS, AS WELL AS VALIDATE ASPC AS A NOVEL DRUGGABLE TARGET, ENABLING FURTHER STUDIES FOR THE TREATMENT OF MTB. WE BELIEVE THE PROPOSAL PROVIDES AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO DEVELOP NEW THERAPEUTIC AVENUES TO TREAT MTB INFECTIONS, WHICH IS AN URGENT UNMET NEED. | $921.3K | FY2026 | Jan 2026 – Dec 2030 |
| Department of Health and Human Services | AN IMPROVED MOUSE MODEL FOR AGING IMMUNOLOGY | $594.9K | FY2017 | Mar 2017 – Dec 2019 |
| Department of Health and Human Services | ANALYSIS OF CD8 T CELL RESPONSES TO TUMORS | $564.2K | FY1997 | May 1997 – Jul 2010 |
| Department of Health and Human Services | DEVELOPMENT OF A MOUSE MODEL OF TUBERCULOSIS THAT GENERATES HUMAN-LIKE PATHOLOGY - ABSTRACT THOUGH VERY FEW NEW TUBERCULOSIS (TB) DRUGS HAVE BEEN INTRODUCED OVER THE PAST FORTY YEARS, THE PIVOTAL QUESTIONS RELEVANT TO TB THERAPEUTIC DEVELOPMENT ARE WELL ARTICULATED ACROSS THE FIELD AND ARE BEING PURSUED WITH GREAT VIGOR IN THE BIOMEDICAL COMMUNITY. CAN WE FIND A WAY TO SHORTEN TREATMENT FOR FROM THE CURRENT SIX MONTHS? WHICH NOVEL MECHANISMS OF ACTION WILL SUPPORT COMPLETE STERILIZATION WHEN COMBINED WITH EXISTING STANDARD OF CARE TREATMENT? ARE PERSISTER POPULATIONS COMPLETELY ELIMINATED THROUGH A SPECIFIC TREATMENT REGIMEN? IN ORDER TO SUCCEED IN THE CLINIC, FIRST WE MUST ADDRESS THESE QUESTIONS PRECLINICALLY THROUGH THE USE OF PREDICTIVE ANIMAL MODELS. EVALUATION OF THE EFFICACY OF EXPERIMENTAL TUBERCULOSIS THERAPEUTICS IS COMMONLY PERFORMED USING MOUSE MODELS, DUE TO THE RELATIVELY SMALL SIZE AND LOW COST OF MICE. HOWEVER, MANY MOUSE MODELS FAIL TO REPRODUCIBLY DEVELOP HUMAN-LIKE PATHOLOGY, SPECIFICALLY HYPOXIC NECROTIC GRANULOMAS, AND THEREBY MAY HAVE LIMITED PREDICTIVE VALUE FOR CERTAIN COMPOUNDS. MOUSE MODELS WHICH DO DEVELOP HUMAN-LIKE PATHOLOGY MAY SUFFER FROM SUBSTANTIAL HETEROGENEITY OR COMPLEX PROTOCOLS REQUIRED TO LIMIT SIGNIFICANT MORBIDITY. OUR RECENT WORK HAS OVERCOME THESE SIGNIFICANT LIMITATIONS, AND HERE WE PROPOSE TO REFINE, VALIDATE AND CHARACTERIZE AN INNOVATIVE MOUSE MODEL OF TB THAT IS MORE PREDICTIVE OF OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS. WE HAVE COMPLETED A SERIES OF STUDIES IN MICE THAT STRENGTHEN OUR ABILITY TO ADVANCE A MORE PREDICTIVE MODEL OF TB, ONE THAT CONSISTENTLY PRODUCES HUMAN-LIKE PATHOLOGY IN THE FORM OF HYPOXIC NECROTIC GRANULOMAS. THIS NEW MODEL BUILDS ON WORK THAT DEMONSTRATED THE DEVELOPMENT OF HYPOXIC GRANULOMAS IN NOS2-/-MICE, BUT ADDS SIGNIFICANT VALUE BY SIMPLIFYING THE PROTOCOL AND UTILIZING THE NATURAL AEROSOL ROUTE TO INFECT MICE WITH THE PARTIALLY ATTENUATED MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS (MTB) STRAIN R1RV. WE HAVE PAIRED THIS NOVEL MODEL WITH FLUORESCENT REPORTER STRAINS THAT SPECIFICALLY MARK DRUG AND IMMUNE TOLERANT MTB CELLS. WHEN DEPLOYED TOGETHER TO SUPPORT PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL TB DRUG REGIMENS, THESE TWO TOOLS CAN PROVIDE UNIQUE INSIGHTS INTO WHY SOME THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES MAY WORK WELL TO SHORTEN CHEMOTHERAPY IN PATIENTS, WHILE OTHERS WILL NOT DO SO. IN THIS PROPOSAL, WE SEEK TO ESTABLISH THE PREDICTIVE VALUE OF THE MODEL TO DETERMINE DRUG EFFICACY RESPONSES, AND TO REVEAL NEW INSIGHTS INTO THE BIOLOGY OF DRUG-TOLERANT MTB. IN THE FIRST TWO SPECIFIC AIMS WE SEEK TO OPTIMIZE THE NOVEL MOUSE MODEL AND VALIDATE IT AS A MORE RIGOROUS MEASURE OF IN VIVO ANTI-TUBERCULAR DRUG EFFICACY, AND IN THE THIRD AIM WE EMPLOY THE MODEL TO IDENTIFY THE NICHE OCCUPIED BY DRUG TOLERANT CELLS, TO BETTER UNDERSTAND THEIR POTENTIAL VULNERABILITIES. COMPLETION OF THE THREE AIMS OF THIS PROPOSAL WILL DELIVER A MORE PREDICTIVE AND WELL-CHARACTERIZED MOUSE MODEL OF MTB INFECTION THAT WILL HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO BECOME A NEW STANDARD FOR SMALL ANIMAL TESTING OF TB DRUGS. | $544.5K | FY2022 | Mar 2022 – Feb 2024 |
| Department of Health and Human Services | A NOVEL DRUG RETARGETING PLATFORM FOR DRUG-RESISTANT BACTERIAL INFECTIONS | $544.5K | FY2020 | Jan 2020 – Apr 2022 |
| Department of Health and Human Services | ANTIGEN-INDEPENDENT ACTIVATION OF MEMORY CD8 T CELLS DURING RESPIRATORY INFECTION | $504.5K | FY2009 | Jul 2009 – Jun 2011 |
| Department of Health and Human Services | CAN PERSISTENT GAMMA-HERPESVIRUSES BE PURGED FROM THE HOST? | $502K | FY2009 | Jun 2009 – May 2011 |
| Department of Health and Human Services | DEPOTS OF PERSISTENT INFLUENZA ANTIGENS SUPPORT PROTECTIVE CD4 T CELL MEMORY | $501.7K | FY2009 | May 2009 – Apr 2011 |
| Department of Health and Human Services | MOFLO XDP HIGH SPEED CELL SORTER | $499.2K | FY2010 | Jul 2010 – Jul 2011 |
| Department of Health and Human Services | CELL-MEDIATED PROTECTION AGAINST PNEUMONIC PLAGUE | $491.6K | FY2004 | Sep 2004 – May 2009 |
| Department of Health and Human Services | CD8 MEMORY T CELLS: MECHANISMS OF PROTECTION | $454.8K | FY2008 | Sep 2008 – Oct 2009 |
| Department of Health and Human Services | IMPACT OF AGING ON THE T CELL REPERTOIRE AND CELLULAR IMMUNITY TO INFLUENZA VIRUS | $364.9K | FY2009 | Feb 2009 – Aug 2009 |
| Department of Health and Human Services | PROBING THE NOVEL MECHANISM OF ACTION OF TUBERCULOCIDAL COMPOUNDS - ABSTRACT TUBERCULOSIS (TB) IS ONCE AGAIN THE LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH FROM INFECTIOUS DISEASE. ENDING THE TB PANDEMIC REQUIRES NEW DRUGS THAT CAN STERILIZE RECALCITRANT PERSISTER CELLS. CURRENT TB TREATMENTS ARE COMPLEX, LENGTHY AND HAVE UNDESIRABLE SIDE EFFECTS. AS A RESULT, CASES OF MULTI-DRUG RESISTANT AND EXTENSIVELY-DRUG RESISTANT TB ARE ON THE RISE. COMPOUNDING THIS PROBLEM OF RISING DRUG RESISTANCE IS THE NOTABLE LACK OF INNOVATION IN DRUG DISCOVERY; NEW ANTIBIOTICS ARE OFTEN CHEMICALLY SIMILAR, TARGET THE SAME FEW BACTERIAL PATHWAYS (E.G. CELL WALL, NUCLEIC ACID AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS) FOR WHICH MECHANISMS OF RESISTANCE ARE WELL ESTABLISHED, AND ARE SLOW TO COME TO MARKET. THEREFORE, THE DISCOVERY OF CHEMICALLY DISTINCT THERAPEUTICS THAT ACT VIA NOVEL MECHANISMS IS NECESSARY TO OVERCOME THE EMERGENCE OF RESISTANT STRAINS. FURTHER, DRUG REPURPOSING REPRESENTS AN ATTRACTIVE OPTION TO MITIGATE COST, TIME AND SAFETY RISK ASSOCIATED WITH ANTIBIOTIC DEVELOPMENT. WE HAVE IDENTIFIED A MOLECULE (TI-507), INITIALLY DISCOVERED AS A HUMAN SPHINGOSINE KINASE INHIBITOR, THAT IS ACTIVE AGAINST MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS (MTB) WITH AN IC50 OF 22 ΜM, KILLS PERSISTER CELLS AND STERILIZES CULTURES WITHIN 4 WEEKS. PRELIMINARY DATA SUGGESTS THAT THIS MOLECULE WORKS THROUGH A NOVEL MTB TARGET, NAD KINASE (PPNK), WHICH IS ESSENTIAL AND INVOLVED IN MANY CRITICAL CELLULAR PROCESSES. FURTHER, TI-507 HAS A DISTINCT CHEMICAL STRUCTURE AND DRUG-LIKE PROPERTIES, THEREBY ADDRESSING THE MAJOR HURDLES PLAGUING ANTIBIOTIC DRUG DEVELOPMENT. WHILE PPNK IS THOUGHT TO BE A PROMISING THERAPEUTIC TARGET, LITTLE IS KNOWN REGARDING THE BIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF PPNK INHIBITION IN MTB. AS SUCH, THIS PROPOSAL HAS BEEN DIVIDED INTO TWO SPECIFIC AIMS. AIM 1 IS FOCUSED ON TARGET VALIDATION AND UNDERSTANDING THE IMPORTANCE OF PPNK INHIBITION IN THE CONTEXT OF ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS, AN INTRACELLULAR INFECTION MODEL AND A MURINE INFECTION MODEL. AIM 2 FOCUSES ON EARLY STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY WORK INTENDED TO PROBE AND IMPROVE THE MOLECULE'S ANTI-TUBERCULAR ACTIVITY. WE BELIEVE THE PROPOSAL IS PROVIDING AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO DEVELOP NEW THERAPEUTIC AVENUES TO TREAT MTB INFECTIONS, WHICH IS AN URGENT UNMET NEED. | $332.4K | FY2026 | Feb 2026 – Jan 2028 |
| Department of Health and Human Services | INKT AND B CELL COOPERATION IN IMMUNITY AND HOST DEFENSE | $243.8K | FY2014 | Apr 2014 – Mar 2015 |
| Department of Health and Human Services | FUNCTIONAL CLONING OF S. MANSONI EGG-SPECIFIC TH2 CELLS | $218.3K | FY2007 | Aug 2007 – Jul 2009 |
| Department of Health and Human Services | INHALED DNASE AS AN ADJUNCTIVE TUBERCULOSIS THERAPY | $198K | FY2019 | Feb 2019 – Jan 2021 |
| Department of Agriculture | PROTECTIVE ROLES OF T CELLS DURING CAMPYLOBACTER COLONIZATION AND INFECTION | $150K | FY2014 | Sep 2014 – Aug 2016 |
| Department of Health and Human Services | ROLE OF TGF-BETA IN SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI | $104.6K | FY2009 | Oct 2008 – Apr 2010 |
| Department of Health and Human Services | CD* T CELL RESPONSES TO GAMMA-HERPESVIRAL INFECTION | $97.7K | FY2009 | Aug 2009 – Aug 2011 |
| Department of Health and Human Services | IL12RBETA1 ALTERNATIVE SPLICE VARIANT IN THE REGULATION OF IL12 FAMILY SIGNALING | $50.1K | FY2010 | Jan 2010 – — |
| Department of Health and Human Services | THE FUNCTION OF SAP IN T CELL HELP FOR B CELLS | $16.8K | FY2005 | Jul 2005 – Oct 2007 |
| Department of Health and Human Services | MUCOSAL IMMUNITY: A TRUDEAU INSTITUTE WORKSHOP | $6,500 | FY2009 | Jun 2009 – May 2010 |
| Department of Health and Human Services | THE YIN AND YANG OF INFLAMMATION | $6,000 | FY2014 | Apr 2014 – Mar 2015 |
Department of Health and Human Services
$2.7M
CELL-MEDIATED PROTECTION AGAINST PNEUMONIC PLAGUE
Department of Health and Human Services
$2.3M
REGULATION OF MEMORY CD8+ T CELL RECRUITMENT TO THE LUNG
Department of Health and Human Services
$2.3M
T CELL MEMORY TO TB IN THE LUNG
Department of Health and Human Services
$2.3M
T CELL RESPONSES TO CHRONIC BACTERIAL INFECTION
Department of Health and Human Services
$2M
THE INTERDEPENDENCE BETWEEN T AND B CELLS IN TH2 CELL DIFFERENTIATION
Department of Health and Human Services
$1.8M
ROLES FOR COAGULATION IN IMMUNITY
Department of Health and Human Services
$1.6M
THE ROLE OF IL-4 AND IL-4RALPHA IN THE MULTI-STEP PROCESS OF TH2 DEVELOPMENT
Department of Health and Human Services
$1.4M
THE ROLE OF IL-12P40 IN THE RESPONSE OF PULMONARY DENDRITIC CELLS TO TUBERCULOSIS
Department of Health and Human Services
$1.3M
MEMORY T CELL SUBSETS AND PULMONARY IMMUNITY
Department of Defense
$1.3M
ZIKA VIRUS COUNTERMEASURES PRE-CLINICAL PREGNANCY MODELS TO ASSESS PROTECTIVE EFFICACY AGAINST PLACENTAL DAMAGE AND FETAL DEMISE
Department of Health and Human Services
$1.3M
DENDRITIC CELL FUNCTION IN SCHISTOSOMIASIS
Department of Health and Human Services
$1.2M
AGING, T CELL REPERTOIRE, AND CELLULAR IMMUNITY TO INFLUENZA VIRUS
Department of Health and Human Services
$1.1M
RESEARCH TRAINING IN IMMUNOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Department of Health and Human Services
$1000K
IMMUNOGENICITY AND EFFICACY OF GENETICALLY ENGINEERED GAMMA-HERPESVIRUS VACCINES
Department of Health and Human Services
$921.3K
OPTIMIZATION OF ANTITUBERCULAR COMPOUNDS AGAINST A NOVEL MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS TARGET, ASPC - TUBERCULOSIS (TB) IS ONCE AGAIN THE LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH FROM INFECTIOUS DISEASE. CURRENT TB TREATMENTS ARE COMPLEX, LENGTHY AND HAVE UNDESIRABLE SIDE EFFECTS. AS A RESULT, CASES OF MULTI-DRUG RESISTANT AND EXTENSIVELY-DRUG RESISTANT TB ARE ON THE RISE. COMPOUNDING THIS PROBLEM OF RISING DRUG RESISTANCE IS THE NOTABLE LACK OF INNOVATION IN DRUG DISCOVERY; NEW ANTIBIOTICS ARE OFTEN CHEMICALLY SIMILAR, TARGET THE SAME FEW BACTERIAL PATHWAYS (E.G. CELL WALL, NUCLEIC ACID AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS) FOR WHICH MECHANISMS OF RESISTANCE ARE WELL ESTABLISHED, AND ARE SLOW TO COME TO MARKET. THEREFORE, THE DISCOVERY OF CHEMICALLY DISTINCT THERAPEUTICS THAT ACT VIA NOVEL MECHANISMS IS NECESSARY TO OVERCOME THE EMERGENCE OF RESISTANT STRAINS. IN ADDITION, DRUG REPURPOSING REPRESENTS AN ATTRACTIVE OPTION TO MITIGATE COST, TIME AND SAFETY RISK ASSOCIATED WITH ANTIBIOTIC DEVELOPMENT. WE HAVE IDENTIFIED A MOLECULE (TI-374) WITH HIGH POTENCY (0.1 ΜG/ML) AGAINST MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS (MTB), ORIGINALLY IDENTIFIED TO TREAT COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT ASSOCIATED WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA AND PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS. PRELIMINARY DATA INDICATES THAT THIS MOLECULE ACTS ON A NOVEL MTB TARGET, THE ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE ASPC, WHICH WAS OBSERVED TO BE ESSENTIAL IN A TRANSPOSON MUTAGENESIS SCREEN AND WE SHOW TO BE IMPORTANT FOR BACTERIAL SURVIVAL IN A MURINE MODEL OF MTB INFECTION. TI-374 HAS DRUG-LIKE AND LEAD- LIKE PROPERTIES, A NOVEL MECHANISM OF ACTION AND A DISTINCTIVE CHEMICAL STRUCTURE, THEREBY ADDRESSING THE MAJOR HURDLES PLAGUING ANTIBIOTIC DRUG DEVELOPMENT. WE HAVE PROPOSED TO OPTIMIZE TI-374 AGAINST MTB AND PROGRESS IT INTO A LEAD COMPOUND. KEY IDEAS UNDERLYING OUR APPROACH ARE AS FOLLOWS: (I) TAKING A LIGAND-BASED APPROACH, WE WILL EXPAND STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP (SAR) AND OPTIMIZE POTENCY FOR EFFICACY AGAINST MTB ASPC USING ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY ASSAYS AS WELL AS ON-TARGET ASPC ENZYMATIC ASSAYS AND OFF-TARGET ENZYMATIC ASSAYS TO COUNTER SCREEN AGAINST THE ORIGINAL HUMAN TARGET AND A KNOWN HUMAN ORTHOLOG, (II) ADVANCEMENT OF POTENT, ON- TARGET ANALOGS TO EXTENSIVE IN VITRO ADME AND IN VIVO PK STUDIES AND (III) CHARACTERIZATION OF PHARMACOLOGICAL AND GENETIC INHIBITION OF ASPC IN A MURINE CHRONIC INFECTION MODEL. WITH COMPLETION OF THIS PROPOSAL, WE EXPECT TO IDENTIFY 1-2 ADVANCED LEADS, AS WELL AS VALIDATE ASPC AS A NOVEL DRUGGABLE TARGET, ENABLING FURTHER STUDIES FOR THE TREATMENT OF MTB. WE BELIEVE THE PROPOSAL PROVIDES AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO DEVELOP NEW THERAPEUTIC AVENUES TO TREAT MTB INFECTIONS, WHICH IS AN URGENT UNMET NEED.
Department of Health and Human Services
$594.9K
AN IMPROVED MOUSE MODEL FOR AGING IMMUNOLOGY
Department of Health and Human Services
$564.2K
ANALYSIS OF CD8 T CELL RESPONSES TO TUMORS
Department of Health and Human Services
$544.5K
DEVELOPMENT OF A MOUSE MODEL OF TUBERCULOSIS THAT GENERATES HUMAN-LIKE PATHOLOGY - ABSTRACT THOUGH VERY FEW NEW TUBERCULOSIS (TB) DRUGS HAVE BEEN INTRODUCED OVER THE PAST FORTY YEARS, THE PIVOTAL QUESTIONS RELEVANT TO TB THERAPEUTIC DEVELOPMENT ARE WELL ARTICULATED ACROSS THE FIELD AND ARE BEING PURSUED WITH GREAT VIGOR IN THE BIOMEDICAL COMMUNITY. CAN WE FIND A WAY TO SHORTEN TREATMENT FOR FROM THE CURRENT SIX MONTHS? WHICH NOVEL MECHANISMS OF ACTION WILL SUPPORT COMPLETE STERILIZATION WHEN COMBINED WITH EXISTING STANDARD OF CARE TREATMENT? ARE PERSISTER POPULATIONS COMPLETELY ELIMINATED THROUGH A SPECIFIC TREATMENT REGIMEN? IN ORDER TO SUCCEED IN THE CLINIC, FIRST WE MUST ADDRESS THESE QUESTIONS PRECLINICALLY THROUGH THE USE OF PREDICTIVE ANIMAL MODELS. EVALUATION OF THE EFFICACY OF EXPERIMENTAL TUBERCULOSIS THERAPEUTICS IS COMMONLY PERFORMED USING MOUSE MODELS, DUE TO THE RELATIVELY SMALL SIZE AND LOW COST OF MICE. HOWEVER, MANY MOUSE MODELS FAIL TO REPRODUCIBLY DEVELOP HUMAN-LIKE PATHOLOGY, SPECIFICALLY HYPOXIC NECROTIC GRANULOMAS, AND THEREBY MAY HAVE LIMITED PREDICTIVE VALUE FOR CERTAIN COMPOUNDS. MOUSE MODELS WHICH DO DEVELOP HUMAN-LIKE PATHOLOGY MAY SUFFER FROM SUBSTANTIAL HETEROGENEITY OR COMPLEX PROTOCOLS REQUIRED TO LIMIT SIGNIFICANT MORBIDITY. OUR RECENT WORK HAS OVERCOME THESE SIGNIFICANT LIMITATIONS, AND HERE WE PROPOSE TO REFINE, VALIDATE AND CHARACTERIZE AN INNOVATIVE MOUSE MODEL OF TB THAT IS MORE PREDICTIVE OF OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS. WE HAVE COMPLETED A SERIES OF STUDIES IN MICE THAT STRENGTHEN OUR ABILITY TO ADVANCE A MORE PREDICTIVE MODEL OF TB, ONE THAT CONSISTENTLY PRODUCES HUMAN-LIKE PATHOLOGY IN THE FORM OF HYPOXIC NECROTIC GRANULOMAS. THIS NEW MODEL BUILDS ON WORK THAT DEMONSTRATED THE DEVELOPMENT OF HYPOXIC GRANULOMAS IN NOS2-/-MICE, BUT ADDS SIGNIFICANT VALUE BY SIMPLIFYING THE PROTOCOL AND UTILIZING THE NATURAL AEROSOL ROUTE TO INFECT MICE WITH THE PARTIALLY ATTENUATED MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS (MTB) STRAIN R1RV. WE HAVE PAIRED THIS NOVEL MODEL WITH FLUORESCENT REPORTER STRAINS THAT SPECIFICALLY MARK DRUG AND IMMUNE TOLERANT MTB CELLS. WHEN DEPLOYED TOGETHER TO SUPPORT PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL TB DRUG REGIMENS, THESE TWO TOOLS CAN PROVIDE UNIQUE INSIGHTS INTO WHY SOME THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES MAY WORK WELL TO SHORTEN CHEMOTHERAPY IN PATIENTS, WHILE OTHERS WILL NOT DO SO. IN THIS PROPOSAL, WE SEEK TO ESTABLISH THE PREDICTIVE VALUE OF THE MODEL TO DETERMINE DRUG EFFICACY RESPONSES, AND TO REVEAL NEW INSIGHTS INTO THE BIOLOGY OF DRUG-TOLERANT MTB. IN THE FIRST TWO SPECIFIC AIMS WE SEEK TO OPTIMIZE THE NOVEL MOUSE MODEL AND VALIDATE IT AS A MORE RIGOROUS MEASURE OF IN VIVO ANTI-TUBERCULAR DRUG EFFICACY, AND IN THE THIRD AIM WE EMPLOY THE MODEL TO IDENTIFY THE NICHE OCCUPIED BY DRUG TOLERANT CELLS, TO BETTER UNDERSTAND THEIR POTENTIAL VULNERABILITIES. COMPLETION OF THE THREE AIMS OF THIS PROPOSAL WILL DELIVER A MORE PREDICTIVE AND WELL-CHARACTERIZED MOUSE MODEL OF MTB INFECTION THAT WILL HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO BECOME A NEW STANDARD FOR SMALL ANIMAL TESTING OF TB DRUGS.
Department of Health and Human Services
$544.5K
A NOVEL DRUG RETARGETING PLATFORM FOR DRUG-RESISTANT BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
Department of Health and Human Services
$504.5K
ANTIGEN-INDEPENDENT ACTIVATION OF MEMORY CD8 T CELLS DURING RESPIRATORY INFECTION
Department of Health and Human Services
$502K
CAN PERSISTENT GAMMA-HERPESVIRUSES BE PURGED FROM THE HOST?
Department of Health and Human Services
$501.7K
DEPOTS OF PERSISTENT INFLUENZA ANTIGENS SUPPORT PROTECTIVE CD4 T CELL MEMORY
Department of Health and Human Services
$499.2K
MOFLO XDP HIGH SPEED CELL SORTER
Department of Health and Human Services
$491.6K
CELL-MEDIATED PROTECTION AGAINST PNEUMONIC PLAGUE
Department of Health and Human Services
$454.8K
CD8 MEMORY T CELLS: MECHANISMS OF PROTECTION
Department of Health and Human Services
$364.9K
IMPACT OF AGING ON THE T CELL REPERTOIRE AND CELLULAR IMMUNITY TO INFLUENZA VIRUS
Department of Health and Human Services
$332.4K
PROBING THE NOVEL MECHANISM OF ACTION OF TUBERCULOCIDAL COMPOUNDS - ABSTRACT TUBERCULOSIS (TB) IS ONCE AGAIN THE LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH FROM INFECTIOUS DISEASE. ENDING THE TB PANDEMIC REQUIRES NEW DRUGS THAT CAN STERILIZE RECALCITRANT PERSISTER CELLS. CURRENT TB TREATMENTS ARE COMPLEX, LENGTHY AND HAVE UNDESIRABLE SIDE EFFECTS. AS A RESULT, CASES OF MULTI-DRUG RESISTANT AND EXTENSIVELY-DRUG RESISTANT TB ARE ON THE RISE. COMPOUNDING THIS PROBLEM OF RISING DRUG RESISTANCE IS THE NOTABLE LACK OF INNOVATION IN DRUG DISCOVERY; NEW ANTIBIOTICS ARE OFTEN CHEMICALLY SIMILAR, TARGET THE SAME FEW BACTERIAL PATHWAYS (E.G. CELL WALL, NUCLEIC ACID AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS) FOR WHICH MECHANISMS OF RESISTANCE ARE WELL ESTABLISHED, AND ARE SLOW TO COME TO MARKET. THEREFORE, THE DISCOVERY OF CHEMICALLY DISTINCT THERAPEUTICS THAT ACT VIA NOVEL MECHANISMS IS NECESSARY TO OVERCOME THE EMERGENCE OF RESISTANT STRAINS. FURTHER, DRUG REPURPOSING REPRESENTS AN ATTRACTIVE OPTION TO MITIGATE COST, TIME AND SAFETY RISK ASSOCIATED WITH ANTIBIOTIC DEVELOPMENT. WE HAVE IDENTIFIED A MOLECULE (TI-507), INITIALLY DISCOVERED AS A HUMAN SPHINGOSINE KINASE INHIBITOR, THAT IS ACTIVE AGAINST MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS (MTB) WITH AN IC50 OF 22 ΜM, KILLS PERSISTER CELLS AND STERILIZES CULTURES WITHIN 4 WEEKS. PRELIMINARY DATA SUGGESTS THAT THIS MOLECULE WORKS THROUGH A NOVEL MTB TARGET, NAD KINASE (PPNK), WHICH IS ESSENTIAL AND INVOLVED IN MANY CRITICAL CELLULAR PROCESSES. FURTHER, TI-507 HAS A DISTINCT CHEMICAL STRUCTURE AND DRUG-LIKE PROPERTIES, THEREBY ADDRESSING THE MAJOR HURDLES PLAGUING ANTIBIOTIC DRUG DEVELOPMENT. WHILE PPNK IS THOUGHT TO BE A PROMISING THERAPEUTIC TARGET, LITTLE IS KNOWN REGARDING THE BIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF PPNK INHIBITION IN MTB. AS SUCH, THIS PROPOSAL HAS BEEN DIVIDED INTO TWO SPECIFIC AIMS. AIM 1 IS FOCUSED ON TARGET VALIDATION AND UNDERSTANDING THE IMPORTANCE OF PPNK INHIBITION IN THE CONTEXT OF ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS, AN INTRACELLULAR INFECTION MODEL AND A MURINE INFECTION MODEL. AIM 2 FOCUSES ON EARLY STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY WORK INTENDED TO PROBE AND IMPROVE THE MOLECULE'S ANTI-TUBERCULAR ACTIVITY. WE BELIEVE THE PROPOSAL IS PROVIDING AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO DEVELOP NEW THERAPEUTIC AVENUES TO TREAT MTB INFECTIONS, WHICH IS AN URGENT UNMET NEED.
Department of Health and Human Services
$243.8K
INKT AND B CELL COOPERATION IN IMMUNITY AND HOST DEFENSE
Department of Health and Human Services
$218.3K
FUNCTIONAL CLONING OF S. MANSONI EGG-SPECIFIC TH2 CELLS
Department of Health and Human Services
$198K
INHALED DNASE AS AN ADJUNCTIVE TUBERCULOSIS THERAPY
Department of Agriculture
$150K
PROTECTIVE ROLES OF T CELLS DURING CAMPYLOBACTER COLONIZATION AND INFECTION
Department of Health and Human Services
$104.6K
ROLE OF TGF-BETA IN SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI
Department of Health and Human Services
$97.7K
CD* T CELL RESPONSES TO GAMMA-HERPESVIRAL INFECTION
Department of Health and Human Services
$50.1K
IL12RBETA1 ALTERNATIVE SPLICE VARIANT IN THE REGULATION OF IL12 FAMILY SIGNALING
Department of Health and Human Services
$16.8K
THE FUNCTION OF SAP IN T CELL HELP FOR B CELLS
Department of Health and Human Services
$6,500
MUCOSAL IMMUNITY: A TRUDEAU INSTITUTE WORKSHOP
Department of Health and Human Services
$6,000
THE YIN AND YANG OF INFLAMMATION
Source: Federal Audit Clearinghouse (fac.gov)
No federal single audit records found for this organization.
Single audits are required for entities expending $750,000+ in federal awards annually.
Tax Year 2024 · Source: IRS e-Filed Form 990Schedule J available
Individuals serving as officers, directors, or trustees of the organization.
| Name | Title | Hrs/Wk | Compensation | Related Orgs | Other |
|---|
Source: IRS Publication 78, Auto-Revocation List & e-Postcard Data
Tax-deductible contributions: Yes
Deductibility code: PC
Sources: IRS e-Filed Form 990 (XML) & ProPublica Nonprofit Explorer
Scroll →
| Year | Revenue | Contributions | Expenses | Assets | Net Assets |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024IRS e-File | $8.2M | $674.8K | $10.3M | $19.7M | $18.8M |
| 2023IRS e-File | $7.1M | $1.2M | $10.1M | $21.4M | $20.8M |
| 2022 | $6M | $1.2M | $11.1M | $24.9M | $24.3M |
| 2021 | $8.4M |
Sources: ProPublica Nonprofit Explorer & IRS e-File Index
| Tax Year | Form Type | Source | Documents |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 990 | IRS e-File | PDF not yet published by IRSView Filing → |
| 2023 | 990 | DataIRS e-File | PDF not yet published by IRSView Filing → |
| 2022 | 990 | DataIRS e-File |
Financial data: IRS e-Filed Form 990 (Tax Year 2024)
Leadership & compensation: IRS e-Filed Form 990, Part VII (Tax Year 2024)
Federal grants: USAspending.gov (live)
Organization info: IRS Business Master File
Tax-deductibility: IRS Publication 78
| Total |
|---|
| William Reiley | President And Director | 38 | $207.6K | $0 | $12.8K | $220.4K |
| Tina Moody | Cao, Treasurer - Secretary | 38 | $145K | $0 | $10.7K | $155.7K |
| Henry Sondheimer | Vice Chair | 2 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Julie North | Chairperson | 10 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Daniel Papes | Vice Chair | 2 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
William Reiley
President And Director
$220.4K
Hrs/Wk
38
Compensation
$207.6K
Related Orgs
$0
Other
$12.8K
Tina Moody
Cao, Treasurer - Secretary
$155.7K
Hrs/Wk
38
Compensation
$145K
Related Orgs
$0
Other
$10.7K
Henry Sondheimer
Vice Chair
$0
Hrs/Wk
2
Compensation
$0
Related Orgs
$0
Other
$0
Julie North
Chairperson
$0
Hrs/Wk
10
Compensation
$0
Related Orgs
$0
Other
$0
Daniel Papes
Vice Chair
$0
Hrs/Wk
2
Compensation
$0
Related Orgs
$0
Other
$0
Highest compensated employees who are not officers or directors.
| Name | Title | Hrs/Wk | Compensation | Related Orgs | Other | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alex Maue | Business Development/ COO | 38 | $156.3K | $0 | $12.8K | $169.2K |
| Shelton Bradrick | Principal Investigator | 38 | $148.5K | $0 | $10.9K | $159.4K |
| Brian Weinrick | Principal Investigator | 38 | $108.5K | $0 | $22.7K | $131.2K |
| In-Jeong Kim | Principal Investigator | 38 | $119.4K |
Alex Maue
Business Development/ COO
$169.2K
Hrs/Wk
38
Compensation
$156.3K
Related Orgs
$0
Other
$12.8K
Shelton Bradrick
Principal Investigator
$159.4K
Hrs/Wk
38
Compensation
$148.5K
Related Orgs
$0
Other
$10.9K
Brian Weinrick
Principal Investigator
$131.2K
Hrs/Wk
38
Compensation
$108.5K
Related Orgs
$0
Other
$22.7K
Members of the governing board. Board members often serve without compensation.
| Name | Title | Hrs/Wk | Compensation | Related Orgs | Other | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Airlie Cameron Lennon Mdmph | Trustee | 1 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Andrew Kennedy | Trustee | 1 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Benjamin Brewster | Trustee | 1 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Bruce Mclanahan | Trustee | 1 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Daniel Karlin | Trustee | 1 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Daniel Leff | Trustee |
Airlie Cameron Lennon Mdmph
Trustee
$0
Hrs/Wk
1
Compensation
$0
Related Orgs
$0
Other
$0
Andrew Kennedy
Trustee
$0
Hrs/Wk
1
Compensation
$0
Related Orgs
$0
Other
$0
Benjamin Brewster
Trustee
$0
Hrs/Wk
1
Compensation
$0
Related Orgs
$0
Other
$0
| $3.6M |
| $10.2M |
| $32.9M |
| $32.5M |
| 2020 | $5.2M | $2.9M | $9.6M | $32.9M | $32.5M |
| 2019 | $8.1M | $6.1M | $8.8M | $36.6M | $36M |
| 2018 | $8.3M | $7.1M | $8.3M | $37.1M | $35.3M |
| 2017 | $8.7M | $7.5M | $7.8M | $39.6M | $37.1M |
| 2016 | $8.9M | $8.2M | $7.9M | $38.7M | $35M |
| 2015 | $10.7M | $9.8M | $9.5M | $38.7M | $33.6M |
| 2014 | $12M | $11M | $11.2M | $39.2M | $32.9M |
| 2013 | $5.6M | $5M | $11.5M | $40.1M | $32.1M |
| 2012 | $6M | $4.8M | $12M | $44M | $36.1M |
| 2011 | $11.3M | $10.6M | $15.9M | $49.7M | $40.6M |
| 2021 | 990 | Data |
| 2020 | 990 | Data | PDF not yet published by IRS |
| 2019 | 990 | Data |
| 2018 | 990 | Data |
| 2017 | 990 | Data | PDF not yet published by IRS |
| 2016 | 990 | Data |
| 2015 | 990 | Data |
| 2014 | 990 | Data |
| 2013 | 990 | Data |
| 2012 | 990 | Data |
| 2011 | 990 | Data |
| 2010 | 990 | — |
| 2009 | 990 | — |
| 2008 | 990 | — |
| 2007 | 990 | — |
| 2006 | 990 | — |
| 2005 | 990 | — |
| 2004 | 990 | — |
| 2003 | 990 | — |
| 2002 | 990 | — |
| 2001 | 990 | — |
| $0 |
| $11K |
| $130.4K |
| Kristofer Friers | It Manager | 38 | $108.2K | $0 | $10.1K | $118.3K |
In-Jeong Kim
Principal Investigator
$130.4K
Hrs/Wk
38
Compensation
$119.4K
Related Orgs
$0
Other
$11K
Kristofer Friers
It Manager
$118.3K
Hrs/Wk
38
Compensation
$108.2K
Related Orgs
$0
Other
$10.1K
| 1 |
| $0 |
| $0 |
| $0 |
| $0 |
| Kenneth Bayles | Trustee | 1 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Konrad Kip Testwuide | Trustee | 1 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Raymond N Johnson Phd | Trustee | 1 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Steve Andrzejewski | Trustee | 1 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Tielman T Van Vleck Phd | Trustee | 1 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Vincent A Fischetti Phd | Trustee | 1 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
Bruce Mclanahan
Trustee
$0
Hrs/Wk
1
Compensation
$0
Related Orgs
$0
Other
$0
Daniel Karlin
Trustee
$0
Hrs/Wk
1
Compensation
$0
Related Orgs
$0
Other
$0
Daniel Leff
Trustee
$0
Hrs/Wk
1
Compensation
$0
Related Orgs
$0
Other
$0
Kenneth Bayles
Trustee
$0
Hrs/Wk
1
Compensation
$0
Related Orgs
$0
Other
$0
Konrad Kip Testwuide
Trustee
$0
Hrs/Wk
1
Compensation
$0
Related Orgs
$0
Other
$0
Raymond N Johnson Phd
Trustee
$0
Hrs/Wk
1
Compensation
$0
Related Orgs
$0
Other
$0
Steve Andrzejewski
Trustee
$0
Hrs/Wk
1
Compensation
$0
Related Orgs
$0
Other
$0
Tielman T Van Vleck Phd
Trustee
$0
Hrs/Wk
1
Compensation
$0
Related Orgs
$0
Other
$0
Vincent A Fischetti Phd
Trustee
$0
Hrs/Wk
1
Compensation
$0
Related Orgs
$0
Other
$0