Gettysburg College

GETTYSBURG COLLEGE HIGHER EDUCATION EMERGENCY RELIEF FUND - INSTITUTIONAL

GETTYSBURG COLLEGE HIGHER EDUCATION EMERGENCY RELIEF FUND - STUDENT AID

A SCHOLARSHIP PROJECT TO INCREASE THE RECRUITMENT AND RETENTION OF STUDENTS IN THE SCIENCES

DOCUMENTING TRADITIONAL ECOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE IN THE SIERRA NORORIENTAL DE PUEBLA, MEXICO, IN SYNCHRONIC AND DIACHRONIC PERSPECTIVES

A COMPARATIVE DATABASE FOR BIOLOGISTS, BOTANISTS, AND LINGUISTS

POWER SHARING, POLITICAL GOODS PROVISION & POST-CONFLICT STABILITY

WHAT'S IN THE WATER? INVESTIGATING AND CONTROLLING RUNOFF IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY WATERSHED OF PENNSYLVANIA

EXPLORING THE CHESAPEAKE BAY WATERSHED IN PENNSYLVANIA

DE NOVO MINI-METALLOENYZMES WITH HYDROLASE ACTIVITY - PROJECT SUMMARY THE MAJOR GOAL OF THE PROPOSED WORK IS TO CREATE, CHARACTERIZE, AND OPTIMIZE DE NOVO BINUCLEAR MINI- METALLOENZYMES FOR HYDROLASE ACTIVITY. HYDROLYTIC CLEAVAGE, OR THE BREAKING APART OF A MOLECULE BY THE ADDITION OF WATER, IS AN ESSENTIAL BIOCHEMICAL REACTION THAT GOVERNS CELLULAR PROCESSES ACROSS ALL LIFE KINGDOMS. SEVERAL RARE GENETIC DISEASES COME FROM HYDROLASE MALFUNCTIONS, MAKING THEM IMPORTANT TO UNDERSTAND. METAL IONS ARE FREQUENTLY USED TO CATALYZE THESE REACTIONS DUE TO THEIR ABILITY TO STRONGLY POLARIZE THE O–H BOND IN WATER EVEN AT NEUTRAL PH. A SMALL ARTIFICIAL ENZYME CALLED DFSC, WHICH CONTAINS TWO METAL IONS IN THE ACTIVE SITE, IS CAPABLE OF HYDROLYZING SMALL MOLECULES AND LARGER DNA SUBSTRATES. ACTIVITY WAS OBSERVED WITH ZINC, WHICH IS COMMONLY USED BY NATURE, AND TITANIUM, WHICH HAS NO KNOWN NATURAL FUNCTION. THIS PROJECT SEEKS TO (1) UNDERSTAND THE STRUCTURAL AND ELECTRONIC FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO HYDROLASE ACTIVITY IN THE DFSC SYSTEM AND (2) DEVELOP ADDITIONAL MINI-METALLOENZYMES WITH METALS UNDERUTILIZED BY NATURE FOR ENVIRONMENTALLY-FRIENDLY AND CATALYTICALLY-EFFICIENT HYDROLYTIC CLEAVAGE. TO ACCOMPLISH THESE GOALS, WE WILL DESIGN, PRODUCE, AND COMPREHENSIVELY CHARACTERIZE A SERIES OF DFSC PROTEINS WHOSE METAL-COORDINATING AMINO ACIDS ARE SYSTEMATICALLY VARIED. THIS LIBRARY OF PROTEINS WILL BE SCREENED FOR HYDROLASE ACTIVITY USING DNASE AND PHOSPHATASE ASSAYS AND A VARIETY OF METAL IONS. SUCCESSFUL COMPLETION OF THESE AIMS WILL RESULT IN A ROBUST MODEL SYSTEM THAT WILL PROVIDE AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS IN NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL METALLOHYDROLASES.

COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: RI: MEDIUM: USING SYSTEMATIC RELATIONSHIPS AND PHONETIC SPEECH FOUNDATION MODELS FOR UNIVERSAL SPEECH-TO-TEXT ACROSS VARIETIES OF LANGUAGES -THIS PROJECT INTRODUCES A NEW WAY TO DEVELOP SPEECH-TO-TEXT SYSTEMS FOR LANGUAGE VARIETIES IN WHICH LITTLE DIGITAL DATA IS AVAILABLE, ESPECIALLY WHEN A RELATED VARIETY ALREADY HAS PLENTY OF DIGITAL DATA. LANGUAGES DIFFER FROM ONE ANOTHER, BUT THEY ALSO SHOW A GREAT DEAL OF VARIATION WITHIN THEMSELVES. PEOPLE IN DIFFERENT REGIONS OR COUNTRIES OFTEN PRONOUNCE WORDS IN THE SAME LANGUAGE DIFFERENTLY. FOR EXAMPLE, MANY PEOPLE IN THE SOUTHERN US PRONOUNCE THE ?I? IN WORDS LIKE ?RIDE? AS AN ?A? SOUND (SIMILAR TO THE ONE FOUND IN ?RAD?), WHILE MOST OTHER AMERICANS DO NOT. MOST SPEECH-TO-TEXT SYSTEMS?WHICH TURN SPOKEN WORDS INTO WRITTEN TEXT?FOCUS ON JUST ONE VARIETY OF EACH LANGUAGE. HOWEVER, IN EVERYDAY LIFE, MANY PEOPLE SPEAK OTHER VARIETIES. EXISTING SPEECH-TO-TEXT SYSTEMS OFTEN DO NOT WORK WELL FOR THESE VARIETIES. IMPROVING SPEECH RECOGNITION FOR LOW-RESOURCE VARIETIES REPRESENTS A BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY, ONE THAT CAN HELP MORE AMERICANS ACCESS VOICE-POWERED TOOLS AND SERVICES. THIS PROJECT TAKES ONE STEP TOWARDS THIS GOAL. IT INNOVATES BY LEVERAGING THE FACT THAT THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN VARIOUS VARIETIES OF THE SAME LANGUAGE OFTEN FOLLOW PREDICTABLE PATTERNS. FOR EXAMPLE, SINCE THE PRONUNCIATIONS OF WORDS IN DIFFERENT REGIONS CHANGE FOLLOWING RULES THAT APPLY TO THE WHOLE VOCABULARY, ONE CAN OFTEN PREDICT HOW A WORD WILL BE PRONOUNCED IN ONE VARIETY IF ONE KNOWS HOW IT IS PRONOUNCED IN ANOTHER. THE PROJECT WILL DEVELOP A POWERFUL AI MODEL (POWSM) THAT CAN TRANSCRIBE PRONUNCIATION (USING A UNIVERSAL SYSTEM DEVELOPED BY LINGUISTS TO REPRESENT SOUNDS). THIS APPROACH ENABLES THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPEECH-TO-TEXT SYSTEMS FOR PREVIOUSLY UNSUPPORTED LANGUAGE VARIANTS, EVEN WHEN LITTLE RECORDED TRAINING DATA EXISTS FOR THEM. IT WORKS BY LEARNING BOTH THE SIMILARITIES AND THE SYSTEMATIC DIFFERENCES BETWEEN WELL-RESOURCED VARIETIES AND OTHERS. THE PROJECT BUILDS AN ENCODER-DECODER FOUNDATION SPEECH MODEL CALLED POWSM (PHONETIC OPEN WHISPER-STYLE SPEECH MODEL), WHICH IS TRAINED TO RECOGNIZE SPEECH AS SEQUENCES OF PHONES (CONSONANTS AND VOWELS) IN ANY LANGUAGE. THE PROJECT WILL INCLUDE THREE APPLICATIONS USING THIS MODEL: 1) PROMPTING POWSM WITH VECTOR REPRESENTATIONS OF THE SYSTEMATIC SOUND CORRESPONDENCES BETWEEN A LOW-RESOURCE VARIETY (LRV) AND A HIGH-RESOURCE VARIETY (HRV), ENABLING THE MODEL TO RECOGNIZE THE LRV AS A TRANSFORMED VARIANT OF THE HRV. 2) CONSTRUCTING STOCHASTIC WEIGHTED FINITE-STATE TRANSDUCERS THAT CAN GENERATE SYNTHETIC LRV DATA BASED ON LINGUIST-CURATED KNOWLEDGE ABOUT SOUND CHANGES IN THE HRV AND LRV. USING THIS SYNTHETIC DATA TO TRAIN A LANGUAGE MODEL THAT CAN BE USED TO DECODE LRV OUTPUT FROM POWSM. 3) LEARNING PHONETIC CORRESPONDENCES BETWEEN LANGUAGE VARIETIES AUTOMATICALLY FROM TRANSCRIBED AUDIO USING A NOVEL FORM OF UNSUPERVISED BILINGUAL LEXICON INDUCTION (UBLI) THAT LEVERAGES BOTH TEXT AND AUDIO. AUDIO ALIGNED IN THIS WAY CAN BE USED TO TRAIN BASIC SPEECH-TO-SPEECH TRANSLATION MODELS THAT, WHEN USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH POWSM, ENABLE SPEECH TECHNOLOGIES FOR LRVS WITHOUT REQUIRING LINGUISTIC ANNOTATION BEYOND TRANSCRIPTION. THE PROPOSED METHODS ARE INTENDED TO COVER MOST HRV-LRV SCENARIOS. THEY WILL BE EVALUATED ON MAJOR LANGUAGES INCLUDING VARIETIES IN ENGLISH, ITALIAN, CHINESE, GERMAN, ARABIC, GERMAN, AND DUTCH, ENGLISH, AS WELL AS ENDANGERED LANGUAGES LIKE NAHUATL AND MIXTEC. THIS AWARD REFLECTS NSF'S STATUTORY MISSION AND HAS BEEN DEEMED WORTHY OF SUPPORT THROUGH EVALUATION USING THE FOUNDATION'S INTELLECTUAL MERIT AND BROADER IMPACTS REVIEW CRITERIA.- SUBAWARDS ARE NOT PLANNED FOR THIS AWARD.

INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACHES TO COMPARATIVE ETHNOENTOMOLOGY AND LINGUISTICS IN ENDANGERED LANGUAGE COMMUNITIES -THE INTRUSION OF DOMINANT SOCIETIES ON INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES CAN HAVE NEGATIVE IMPACTS ON TRADITIONAL CULTURES INCLUDING A POTENTIAL LOSS OF LANGUAGES AND ALTERED ECOSYSTEMS. IN SOME COMMUNITIES, RECENT GENERATIONS HAVE LOST MUCH OF THE KNOWLEDGE OF NATURAL HISTORY (PARTICULARLY LOCAL FLORA AND FAUNA) THAT THEIR ANCESTORS POSSESSED. THE YOUNGER MEMBERS OF THESE COMMUNITIES ARE NO LONGER ABLE TO SPEAK AUTHORITATIVELY ON THESE TOPICS AND EACH YEAR FEWER AND FEWER ELDERS REMAIN WHO CAN DO SO. THIS PROJECT ASSEMBLES AN EXTENSIVE INTERNATIONAL, MULTIDISCIPLINARY, AND MULTIETHNIC TEAM TO DOCUMENT THE NOMENCLATURE, CLASSIFICATION, AND SYMBOLIC AND ECONOMIC USE OF LOCAL FAUNA. THIS IS ACCOMPLISHED THROUGH THE COLLECTION AND LONG-TERM PRESERVATION OF PHYSICAL SPECIMENS, THE RECORDING OF EXTENSIVE HIGH QUALITY DIGITAL AUDIO ABOUT THESE COLLECTIONS, AUDIO TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION, AND THE USE OF MACRO PHOTOGRAPHY TO CREATE AN IMAGE BANK THAT IS USED TO CREATE ILLUSTRATED FIELD GUIDES AND AN ONLINE EXHIBIT. THE PROJECT RESULTS ARE DISSEMINATED IN MULTIPLE VENUES, INCLUDING A PHYSICAL AND VIRTUAL MUSEUM EXHIBIT. THE RESEARCH TEAM CONSISTS OF LINGUISTS, ANTHROPOLOGISTS, BIOLOGISTS, COMPUTER SCIENTISTS, AND COMMUNITY SPEAKERS FROM COMMUNITIES SPEAKING FOUR DISTINCT LANGUAGES. EACH GROUP PLAYS A KEY ROLE IN THE PROJECT AND BENEFITS FROM THE RESULTS. AS EACH SPECIMEN IS COLLECTED BY A TEAM COMPRISING A BIOLOGIST AND MULTIPLE NATIVE SPEAKERS, IT IS STORED IN LABORATORY GRADE ETHANOL TO ENSURE EXCELLENT PRESERVATION OF TISSUE FOR SEQUENCING THE CO1 MITOCHONDRIAL GENE. THE SPECIMENS ARE MOUNTED AND PHOTOGRAPHED WITH A MACRO LENSE (FRONTAL, DORSAL, LATERAL). NATIVE LANGUAGE FIELD RECORDINGS ARE MADE AT THE TIME OF COLLECTION WHERE SPEAKERS SHARE THEIR KNOWLEDGE OF THE COLLECTED ARTHROPOD SPECIMEN. THIS PROJECT CONTINUES COLLABORATION ON COMPUTER-ASSISTED LANGUAGE DOCUMENTATION. THE USE OF COMPUTATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES DEMONSTRATES THEIR UTILITY IN PRODUCING LARGE. ENDANGERED LANGUAGE CORPORA. FINALLY, THIS PROJECT INCREASES KNOWLEDGE OF A SELDOM STUDIED SEMANTIC DOMAIN: THE NOMENCLATURE, CLASSIFICATION, AND USE OF ARTHROPODS IN INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES. UNLIKE OTHER PROJECTS, THIS ONE IS COMPARATIVE. IT PROVIDES DATA FROM FOUR DISTINCT INDIGENOUS LANGUAGE COMMUNITIES THAT ILLUMINATE HISTORICAL PATTERNS OF CONTACT AND SHARED USES AND BELIEFS. THIS AWARD REFLECTS NSF'S STATUTORY MISSION AND HAS BEEN DEEMED WORTHY OF SUPPORT THROUGH EVALUATION USING THE FOUNDATION'S INTELLECTUAL MERIT AND BROADER IMPACTS REVIEW CRITERIA.- SUBAWARDS ARE PLANNED FOR THIS AWARD.

IONIZABLE TRIAZINE LIPIDS FOR RNA DELIVERY - PROJECT SUMMARY THERE ARE MANY POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS OF RNA-BASED THERAPIES, INCLUDING SILENCING GENE EXPRESSION, GENE EDITING, AND DEVELOPING MRNA VACCINES. RNA MUST GET INSIDE CELLS TO SERVE ITS PURPOSE, BUT ITS SIZE, CHARGE, IMMUNOGENICITY, AND INSTABILITY LEAD TO ITS DEGRADATION AND DO NOT ALLOW IT TO PASS THROUGH THE PLASMA MEMBRANE. ONE OF THE MOST EFFECTIVE WAYS TO PROTECT RNA AND TRANSPORT IT INTO THE CYTOPLASM IS BY PACKAGING IT IN A LIPID NANOPARTICLE (LNP). A KEY COMPONENT OF LNP FORMULATIONS IS A CATIONIC OR IONIZABLE LIPID THAT ELECTROSTATICALLY INTERACTS WITH THE PHOSPHATE BACKBONE OF RNA AND HELPS TO ENCAPSULATE IT. IT ALSO INTERACTS WITH THE CELL MEMBRANE AND DISRUPTS THE ENDOSOMAL MEMBRANE, CAUSING IT TO RUPTURE AND RELEASE THE RNA INTO THE CYTOPLASM. THE STRUCTURE OF THE CATIONIC OR IONIZABLE LIPID PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN DETERMINING ITS ABILITY TO FORM LNPS WITH RNA AND DELIVER IT INTO CELLS. MANY CATIONIC AND IONIZABLE LIPIDS HAVE BEEN PREPARED, AND WITH SO MANY POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS ACROSS DIFFERENT DISEASES, TYPES OF RNA, AND CELL TYPES, IT IS IMPORTANT TO HAVE A DIVERSE TOOLBOX OF LIPIDS AVAILABLE SO THE OPTIMAL FORMULATION CAN BE DEVELOPED FOR EACH APPLICATION. THE MAJOR GOAL OF THE PROPOSED WORK IS TO DEVELOP A LIBRARY OF TRIAZINE-BASED, IONIZABLE LIPIDS THAT CAN BE USED TO FORM LIPID NANOPARTICLES (LNPS) TO DELIVER RNA INTO CELLS. A STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP (SAR) CORRELATING LIPID STRUCTURE, LNP PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, RNA DELIVERY IN VITRO, AND CYTOTOXICITY WILL ALSO BE DEVELOPED AND USED TO GUIDE THE PREPARATION OF NEW LIPIDS. SPECIFICALLY, MODIFICATIONS TO THE STRUCTURES OF THE AMINE-BASED HYDROPHILIC HEAD GROUPS (AIM 1) AND THE HYDROPHOBIC TAILS (AIM 2) WILL BE DONE TO DETERMINE HOW TARGETED STRUCTURAL CHANGES AFFECT LNP PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND IN VITRO BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY. THE SYNTHETIC APPROACH WILL MAKE IT EASY TO PREPARE LIPIDS WITH SYMMETRICAL AND UNSYMMETRICAL HEAD GROUPS AND TAILS. ADDITIONALLY, A PROTECTING GROUP-FREE SYNTHESIS WILL BE DEVELOPED TO STREAMLINE LIPID LIBRARY PREPARATION (AIM 3). SUCCESSFUL COMPLETION OF THESE AIMS WILL RESULT IN A NOVEL CLASS OF TRIAZINE-BASED LIPIDS FOR RNA DELIVERY AND AN SAR THAT WILL BE USED TO DEVELOP MORE ACTIVE LIPIDS.

EARLY EXPERIENCES, OXYTOCIN, AND DYSFUNCTIONAL PLAY OF THE FISCHER 344 RAT

EXPLORING THE CHESAPEAKE BAY WATERSHED IN PENNSYLVANIA

NAHUATL LANGUAGE DOCUMENTATION PROJECT: SIERRA NORTE DE PUEBLA [ISO 639 AZZ]

COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: RI: MEDIUM: FROM ACOUSTIC SIGNAL TO MORPHOSYNTACTIC ANALYSIS IN ONE END-TO-END NEURAL SYSTEM -THERE ARE APPROXIMATELY 7,000 LANGUAGES IN THE WORLD TODAY, BUT THIS NUMBER IS DECLINING PRECIPITOUSLY. EVEN MANY LANGUAGES THAT CURRENTLY HAVE THOUSANDS UPON THOUSANDS OF SPEAKERS ARE LIKELY TO FALL OUT OF USE WITHIN A GENERATION. FOR THE SPEAKERS OF THESE LANGUAGES, THIS REPRESENTS A TRAGIC LOSS OF CULTURAL AND LINGUISTIC HERITAGE, WHICH ARE IMPORTANT ANCHORS OF THEIR SOCIAL IDENTITY. EACH LANGUAGE ALSO CARRIES IRREPLACEABLE DATA ABOUT LANGUAGE AS A PHENOMENON OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR?THE LIMITS OF ITS VARIATION AND THE PATTERNS IN ITS STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT. LINGUISTS AND LANGUAGE ACTIVISTS ARE CURRENTLY WORKING TO QUICKLY AND COMPREHENSIVELY DOCUMENT AS MANY LANGUAGES AS POSSIBLE. IN THE UNFORTUNATE EVENT THAT A LANGUAGE FADES FROM USE, DOCUMENTATION ENSURES THAT ITS DATA WILL REMAIN AVAILABLE FOR FUTURE CULTURAL OR SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS. THIS PROJECT PARTIALLY AUTOMATES THE PROCESS OF LANGUAGE DOCUMENTATION USING TOOLS FROM NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING AND MACHINE LEARNING. IT DIFFERS FROM SIMILAR PROJECTS IN USING ONE INTEGRATED SYSTEM TO PROCESS THE SOUNDS OF SPEECH AND THE STRUCTURE OF WORDS, INSTEAD OF USING TWO OR MORE SEPARATE COMPONENTS. WITH THE COLLABORATION OF NATIVE SPEAKER SCHOLARS, THE RESEARCHERS ARE APPLYING THEIR METHODOLOGY TO FOUR LANGUAGES: HIGHLAND PUEBLA NAHUATL, YOLOX?CHITL MIXTEC, SAN PEDRO AMUZGOS AMUZGO, AND NORTH SLOPE I?UPIAQ. THE PROPOSED RESEARCH WILL DRAMATICALLY TRANSFORM THE LANDSCAPE OF AUTOMATIC MORPHOSYNTACTIC AND MORPHOPHONOLOGICAL ANALYSIS BY INTRODUCING AN END-TO-END SYSTEM THAT CONSUMES SPEECH AS AN INPUT AND PRODUCES INTERLINEAR ANNOTATIONS AS AN OUTPUT. THE RESEARCH TEAM PROPOSES TO BUILD AN END-TO-END SYSTEM, A SINGLE NEURAL NET THAT, WITH SMALL AMOUNTS OF LABELED DATA PRODUCED BY NATIVE SPEAKER LINGUISTS, CAN DIRECTLY CONVERT RECORDED SPEECH TO ANALYZED TEXT, PRODUCING FOUR OUTPUTS: (1) SURFACE TRANSCRIPTION, (2) MORPHOLOGICAL SEGMENTATION OF SURFACE FORMS, (3) AN UNDERLYING OR CANONICAL FORM FOR EACH MORPHEME, AND (4) A GLOSS OR STANDARDIZED LABEL FOR EACH MORPHEME. THE PROPOSED SINGLE END-TO-END NEURAL NETWORK REPRESENTS THE FIRST ATTEMPT TO INTEGRATE THE FOUR AFOREMENTIONED TASKS INTO A SINGLE NEURAL NETWORK, AVOIDING THE ERROR-PROPAGATION PROBLEMS THAT HAVE PLAGUED EARLIER ATTEMPTS AT CREATING A PIPELINE AND MITIGATING THE COMPLEXITY OF THE TECHNOLOGY FOR END-USERS. THE RESEARCHERS ALSO PROPOSE INNOVATIVE WAYS TO INCORPORATE LINGUISTIC KNOWLEDGE INTO NEURAL NETWORKS, INCLUDING THE USE OF DIFFERENTIABLE WEIGHTED FINITE-STATE TRANSDUCERS, WHICH ARE INDEPENDENTLY MOTIVATED BY AN ITERATIVE SELF-TRAINING ARCHITECTURE. THIS APPROACH TO ITERATIVE SELF TRAINING, IN ITS OWN RIGHT, WILL REPRESENT AN ADVANCE IN MACHINE LEARNING ? A NEW ALGORITHM FOR UPWEIGHTING WORDS AND MORPHEMES. THE RESEARCH ALSO MAKES SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTIONS TO COMPUTATIONAL MORPHOLOGY. IT INCLUDES A SIMPLE BUT EXPRESSIVE MODIFICATION TO EXISTING SCHEMES FOR SEGMENTATION AND GLOSSING, SPECIFICALLY FOR THE REPRESENTATION OF DISCONTINUOUS MORPHEMES. FURTHERMORE, THE PROPOSAL EXTENDS POPULAR APPROACHES TO MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS (E.G., UNIMORPH) BY SYSTEMATICALLY ADDRESSING DERIVATION AS WELL AS INFLECTION. THIS PROPOSAL ADDRESSES GLOSSING OF REDUPLICATION AND NOUN-INCORPORATION, WHICH EARLIER WORK HAS NOT. THIS AWARD REFLECTS NSF'S STATUTORY MISSION AND HAS BEEN DEEMED WORTHY OF SUPPORT THROUGH EVALUATION USING THE FOUNDATION'S INTELLECTUAL MERIT AND BROADER IMPACTS REVIEW CRITERIA.

EXPANDING CIVIL WAR ERA STUDIES AT GETTYSBURG COLLEGE

APPLICANT: GETTYSBURG COLLEGE TITLE: PARTNERSHIP FOR ADAMS COUNTY ENVIRONMENTAL LITERACY (PACE) OVERVIEW: PENNSYLVANIA RECENTLY APPROVED NEW SCIENCE STANDARDS TO BE IMPLEMENTED OVER THE NEXT THREE YEARS. SURVEYS AND FORUMS RECENTLY CONDUCTED BY ADVANCING SCIENCE REVEALED EDUCATOR CONCERN WITH THE NEW ENVIRONMENTAL LITERACY (ELIT) AND SUSTAINABILITY COMPONENTS. THE PROJECT GOAL IS TO OVERCOME THIS BARRIER BY ESTABLISHING AN ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION COMMUNITY OF PRACTICE THAT WILL BUILD, IMPLEMENT, AND SUSTAIN AN ENVIRONMENTAL LITERACY PLAN FOR ADAMS COUNTY K-12 SCHOOLS. THIS WILL ALSO CONTRIBUTE TO THE UNDERSTANDING AND STEWARDSHIP OF THE WATERSHED. THE PARTNERSHIP FOR ADAMS COUNTY ELIT (PACE) WILL ACHIEVE SEVERAL OBJECTIVES: ALIGN CURRICULUM WITH THE NEW PA ELIT AND SUSTAINABILITY STANDARDS, ESTABLISH NETWORK WEAVERS, GENERATE AND FULLY DOCUMENT A COUNTY ELIT PLAN, LEAD ROLLOUT OF THE PLAN, AND DISSEMINATE THE PLAN TO OTHER PA SCHOOL DISTRICTS. PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT FOR 18 TEACHERS

REDUCING SEXUAL ASSAULT DOMESTIC VIOLENCE DATING VIOLENCE AND STALKING: GETTYSBURG COLLEGE

GETTYSBURG COLLEGE SUICIDE PREVENTION INITIATIVE

RUI: INTEGRATION OF THE EPITHELIAL INNATE IMMUNE AND OXIDATIVE STRESS RESPONSES

COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: CONTRIBUTIONS OF ENDANGERED LANGUAGE DATA FOR ADVANCES IN TECHNOLOGY-ENHANCED SPEECH ANNOTATION

COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: IMPROVING TECHNIQUES OF AUTOMATIC SPEECH RECOGNITION AND TRANSFER LEARNING USING DOCUMENTARY LINGUISTIC CORPORA

MCA: EAVESDROPPING VECTORS AND DISEASE TRANSMISSION IN MIXED-SPECIES ASSEMBLAGES -MANY INFECTIOUS DISEASES ARE SPREAD VIA INTERMEDIARY ORGANISMS, OR ?VECTORS?, SUCH AS MOSQUITOES OR BATS. THESE VECTORS CAN BE ATTRACTED TO, AND FEED ON, MULTIPLE HOST SPECIES, EACH DIFFERING IN THEIR SUSCEPTIBILITY TO INFECTION AND THEIR ABILITY TO TRANSMIT PATHOGENS TO OTHERS. OFTEN, THESE HOST SPECIES ARE FOUND IN MIXED-SPECIES ASSEMBLAGES, SUCH AS THE CHORUSES OF FROGS, WHERE MULTIPLE SPECIES CONGREGATE AROUND THE SAME PONDS TO FIND MATES. UNDERSTANDING HOW THE BEHAVIOR OF DISEASE VECTORS IN MIXED-SPECIES ASSEMBLAGES INFLUENCES DISEASE TRANSMISSION IS ESSENTIAL TO ASSESS EVOLUTIONARY RESPONSES TO DISEASE, TO GUIDE CONSERVATION EFFORTS, AND TO INFORM PUBLIC HEALTH INTERVENTIONS. FOR EXAMPLE, VECTORS OFTEN USE ODOR, VISUAL, OR SOUND CUES TO LOCATE THEIR HOSTS AND CAN BE MORE STRONGLY ATTRACTED TO AN ASSEMBLAGE BY THE CUES OF SOME HOSTS OR CAN SHOW PREFERENCES FOR SPECIFIC HOST SPECIES WITHIN AN ASSEMBLAGE. MATHEMATICAL MODELS PREDICT THAT THIS SORT OF DIFFERENTIAL ATTRACTION STRONGLY INFLUENCES DISEASE TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS AND OVERALL INFECTION LEVELS WITHIN A COMMUNITY. THIS STUDY WILL INTEGRATE INSIGHTS FROM SENSORY AND DISEASE ECOLOGY TO DETERMINE HOW THE CUE-ORIENTED FORAGING BEHAVIOR OF FLY-VECTORS MEDIATES THE SPREAD OF TRYPANOSOME INFECTIONS AND DISEASE TRANSMISSION WITHIN A TROPICAL FROG COMMUNITY. THE PROJECT WILL INCLUDE BINATIONAL RESEARCH INTERNSHIPS FOR UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS, WILL PRODUCE UNDERGRADUATE TEACHING MODULES ON PARASITE DIVERSITY AND THE SENSORY ECOLOGY OF DISEASE VECTORS, AND WILL RESULT IN A PICTORIAL GUIDE TO FROG-INFECTING PARASITES OF CENTRAL PANAMA, TO FACILITATE FUTURE RESEARCH ON THESE POORLY UNDERSTOOD SPECIES. WHEN SIGNALING TO ATTRACT MATES, ANIMALS OFTEN FORM MIXED-SPECIES ASSEMBLAGES. THESE ATTRACT DISEASE VECTORS THAT EXPLOIT SEXUAL SIGNALS TO IDENTIFY AND LOCATE HOSTS. HOW THE BEHAVIOR OF THESE EAVESDROPPING VECTORS SHAPES THE DYNAMICS OF WILDLIFE DISEASE IS, HOWEVER, POORLY UNDERSTOOD. PREVIOUS WORK DEMONSTRATES THAT FROG SPECIES CAN VARY GREATLY IN THEIR ATTRACTIVENESS TO EAVESDROPPING FROG-BITING MIDGES, AND THAT CALLING IN PROXIMITY TO HETEROSPECIFIC SIGNALERS CAN INCREASE OR DECREASE THE RISKS EXPERIENCED BY INDIVIDUAL FROGS. THESE FROG-BITING MIDGES ARE THOUGHT TO BE THE KEY VECTOR IN THE TRANSMISSION OF TRYPANOSOMAL INFECTIONS, NEARLY UBIQUITOUS TO ANURANS WORLDWIDE. THIS STUDY WILL INVESTIGATE EAVESDROPPING VECTOR MEDIATED TRANSMISSION OF TRYPANOSOME INFECTION IN MIXED-SPECIES FROG CHORUSES. TO ACCOMPLISH THIS, RESEARCHERS WILL EXAMINE DISEASE TRANSMISSION PATTERNS BY CHARACTERIZING TRYPANOSOME DIVERSITY, PREVALENCE, AND HOST OVERLAP IN FROG BREEDING AGGREGATIONS, AND BY CONDUCTING TRANSMISSION EXPERIMENTS TO DETERMINE THE MAJOR MODES OF INFECTION. THEN, THEY WILL INVESTIGATE THE IMPORTANCE OF HOST SPECIES COMPOSITION IN SHAPING TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS BY TESTING WHETHER MIXED-SPECIES FROG CHORUSES SUFFER DIFFERING RATES OF INFECTION, AND BY CHARACTERIZING HOW VECTOR ATTRACTION AT LONG AND SHORT DISTANCES IS INFLUENCED BY THE SPECIES IDENTITY OF HOSTS. FINALLY, FIELD-MEASURED PARAMETERS WILL BE USED TO CONSTRUCT A MODEL OF EAVESDROPPING VECTOR-MEDIATED DISEASE TRANSMISSION IN MIXED-SPECIES ASSEMBLAGES. THIS RESEARCH WILL PROVIDE A FRAMEWORK FOR UNDERSTANDING THE IMPORTANCE OF VECTOR BEHAVIOR IN DISEASE TRANSMISSION WITHIN MIXED-SPECIES ASSEMBLAGES AND WILD COMMUNITIES. THIS AWARD REFLECTS NSF'S STATUTORY MISSION AND HAS BEEN DEEMED WORTHY OF SUPPORT THROUGH EVALUATION USING THE FOUNDATION'S INTELLECTUAL MERIT AND BROADER IMPACTS REVIEW CRITERIA.- SUBAWARDS ARE PLANNED FOR THIS AWARD.

A BIOLOGICAL APPROACH TO DOCUMENTING TRADITIONAL ECOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE IN SYNCHRONIC AND DIACHRONIC PERSPECTIVES

CORPUS AND LEXICON DEVELOPMENT: ENDANGERED GENRES OF DISCOURSE AND DOMAINS OF CULTURAL KNOWLEDGE IN TU'UN ISAVI (MIXTEC) OF YOLOXOCHITL GUERRERO

EVALUATING IMPACT OF STUDENT DEBT ON EARLY CAREER CHOICES

DOCUMENTATION OF DISCOURSE AND CULTURAL ACTIVITIES TO ADVANCE SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE OF AN ENDANGERED TONAL LANGUAGE

ON HALLOWED GROUND: GETTYSBURG IN HISTORY & MEMORY [WE PROPOSE TO ENGAGE K-12 EDUCATORS AT GETTYSBURG COLLEGE AND ON THE BATTLEFIELDS OF THE GETTYSBURG NATIONAL MILITARY PARK IN 2 WEEK-LONG WORKSHOPS ON HISTORY AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF COLLECTIVE MEMORY, BRINGING FRESH PERSPECTIVES TO THE STUDY OF GETTYSBURG AND TO CIVIL WAR HISTORY. THIS PROGRAM SUSTAINS AND ENHANCES THE THEMES OF OUR SUCCESSFUL 2014 AND 2022 LANDMARKS PROGRAMS, SHARPENING THE FOCUS AND ADDING NEW CONTENT. THE 2025 PROPOSED WORKSHOPS WILL EXAMINE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HISTORY AND MEMORY AND THE CONFLICT BETWEEN WHAT HAPPENED AND HOW WE REMEMBER IT. PARTICIPANTS WILL EXPLORE HOW PERCEPTIONS OF THE PAST SHAPE HOW WE DOCUMENT AND REMEMBER AND HOW WE CONCEPTUALIZE WHAT IT MEANS TO BE A CITIZEN IN A COMPLEX DEMOCRACY. K-12 TEACHERS WILL EXTEND THEIR CONTENT KNOWLEDGE AND EXPAND AND DEEPEN PEDAGOGICAL TOOLS IN FRESH AND CHALLENGING WAYS. OUR PROPOSED PROGRAM LEVERAGES THE SCHOLARLY EXPERTISE OF THE COLLEGE AND ITS FACULTY TO ATTRACT A DIVERSE AND TALENTED PARTICIPANT POOL.]

ON HALLOWED GROUND: GETTYSBURG IN HISTORY AND MEMORY

MRI-R2: ACQUISITION OF AN EPIFLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPE FOR RESEARCH AND TRAINING AT GETTYSBURG COLLEGE

ON HALLOWED GROUND: GETTYSBURG IN HISTORY AND MEMORY

DEVELOPING AND TESTING A MULTISENSORY BYCATCH REDUCTION STRATEGY TO REDUCE SEA TURTLE BYCATCH IN GILLNET AND POUND NET FISHERIES.

FACULTY DEVELOPMENT IN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY

RUI: NEUTRON PHYSICS FROM 4HE TO THE EDGE OF THE DRIPLINE

EXPLORING THE CHESAPEAKE BAY WATERSHED IN PENNSYLVANIA

RUI: DISSIPATIVE DYNAMICS OF THE QUARK GLUON PLASMA

RUI: CAS: DEVELOPMENT OF IRON CATALYSTS FOR SUSTAINABLE, SELECTIVE OXIDATIONS AND REDUCTIONS

USING CRISPR-SEROSEQ TO INVESTIGATE SALMONELLA ECOLOGY AND THE PREVALENCE OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE DURING POULTRY PROCESSING

CAN YOU HEAR ME NOW? DEVELOPMENT OF ACOUSTIC DETERRENT DEVICES TO REDUCE SEA TURTLE BYCATCH IN FISHERIES.

MRI-CONSORTIUM: DEVELOPMENT OF A NEUTRON DETECTOR ARRAY BY UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH STUDENTS FOR STUDIES OF EXOTIC NUCLEI.

CIVIL WAR ARCHIVES: A NEW SOCIAL AND CULTURAL HISTORY OF THE CIVIL WAR [THIS TWO-WEEK RESIDENTIAL INSTITUTE FOR HIGHER EDUCATION FACULTY PLACES CIVIL WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION HISTORY WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF THE ?THE ARCHIVAL TURN,? A SCHOLARLY INTERVENTION THAT EXPLORES HOW IDEOLOGY, POLITICS, BIAS, AND HISTORY ITSELF SHAPES THE CONTENTS OF ARCHIVES. WHILE SCHOLARS FROM ASIAN TO EUROPEAN HISTORY HAVE EXAMINED THIS QUESTION IN RELATION TO THEIR FIELDS, FEW CIVIL WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION HISTORIANS HAVE PROBED THIS QUESTION, DESPITE THE OVERWHELMING ABUNDANCE OF CIVIL WAR ARCHIVES THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY. THIS INSTITUTE PROVIDES AN OPPORTUNITY FOR 36 HISTORIANS TO INVESTIGATE HOW THE ARCHIVAL TURN CAN GENERATE NEW WAYS OF LOOKING AT OLD DOCUMENTS IN AN EFFORT TO BREATHE NEW LIFE INTO THE SOCIAL AND CULTURAL HISTORY OF THE CIVIL WAR ERA, WHICH SPANS 1830-1877.]

MRI: ACQUISITION OF A CIRCULAR DICHROISM SPECTROPOLARIMETER FOR RESEARCH AND TRAINING OF UNDERGRADUATES AT GETTYSBURG COLLEGE

RUI: UNITED STATES-RUSSIA INVESTIGATION OF THE NEUTRON-NEUTRON SCATTERING LENGTH

NEW ASTRONOMY EXERCISES FROM PROJECT CLEA'S VIRTUAL EDUCATIONAL OBSERVATORY (VIREO)

FULBRIGHT-HAYS GROUP PROJECTS ABROAD SHORT TERM

DOCUMENTING THE ETHNOBIOLOGY OF MEXICO AND CENTRAL AMERICA: A DIGITAL PORTAL FOR COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH

RUI: COLLABORATION TO ENHANCE PARTICIPATION OF MINORITY AND UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS IN NUCLEAR SCIENCE

SUSTAINABLE PRESERVATION FOR INNOVATIVE TEACHING AND LEARNING

MESOLEX: LEXICOSEMANTIC RESOURCES FOR MESOAMERICAN LANGUAGES

EAGER: COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: MECHANISMS OF ESTABLISHING AND MAINTAINING AN ALGAL ENDOSYMBIONT IN A VERTEBRATE HOST

COMPARATIVE ETHNOBIOLOGY IN MESOAMERICA: A DIGITAL PORTAL FOR COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH AND PUBLIC DISSEMINATION

RUI: EXPLORING NUCLEAR STRUCTURE THROUGH COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH

FY 2016 SUMMER UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH FELLOWSHIP CHEMBIO AND MATSCI/NCNR

COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: FIRE RISK AND ECOLOGICAL INTERGRITY IN THE WILDLAND URBAN INTERFACE OF COLORADO FRONT RANGE

FORMAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR MUSSELMAN LIBRARY GETTYSBURG COLLEGE

COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: MID-ATLANTIC SEMINAR ON NUMBERS (MASON)

FY 2008 SUMMER UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH FELLOWSHIP (SURF) - PL

USING CRISPR-SEROSEQ TO INVESTIGATE SALMONELLA ECOLOGY AND THE PREVALENCE OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE DURING POULTRY PROCESSING