Universities Space Research Association

THE "GODDARD EARTH SCIENCES TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH" (GESTAR) STUDIES AND INVESTIGATIONS WILL CARRY OUT OBSERVATIONAL, EXPERIMENTAL, AND THEORETICAL

STEPHEN MACKWELL / UNIVERSITIES SPACE RESEARCH ASSOCIATIONOPERATION OF THE LUNAR AND PLANETARY INSTI

THE RECIPIENT, NAMED USRA, SHALL PERFORM WORK IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE STATEMENT OF WORK DATED 09 DECEMBER 2020, ENTITLED "AIR FORCE RESEARCH LABORATORY

SPACE LIFE SCIENCES RESEARCH AND EDUCATION PROGRAM

THE CONTINUED OPERATON OF THE RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED COMPUTER SCIENCE (RIACS)

THIS COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT REPLACES NNM08AA00A WHICH WAS ERRONEOUSLY SET UP WITH AN INCORRECT VENDOR CODE IN CMM. THIS COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT IS FOR RESEARCH AND SUPPORT AT THE NATIONAL SPACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CENTER.

THE NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ASSOCIATION (NASA) SUPPORTS THE PRESIDENT AND THE NATIONAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COUNCIL COMMITTEE ON STEM EDUCATION (CO-STEM) TO INCREASE THE NATION S QUALIFIED AND DIVERSE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS (STEM) WORKFORCE BY PROVIDING EXPERIENTIAL MENTOR-GUIDED INTERNSHIPS AND EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR STUDENTS AND TEACHERS AT ALL EDUCATIONAL LEVELS. NASA INTERNSHIPS AS PART OF THE NASA INTERNSHIPS FELLOWSHIPS AND SCHOLARSHIPS (NIFS) PROGRAM WILL PROVIDE A SINGLE PATHWAY FOR STUDENTS AND TEACHERS TO ENGAGE IN STEM AND BUSINESS INTERNSHIPS AT NASA CENTERS AND LOCATIONS NATIONWIDE. UNIVERSITIES SPACE RESEARCH ASSOCIATION (USRA) JOINS NASA AND THE NATION TO INCREASE THE COUNTRY S DIVERSE STEM WORKFORCE THROUGH A SHARED VISION FOR HANDS-ON IMMERSIVE EDUCATIONAL EXPERIENCES THROUGH COLLABORATION AND PARTNERSHIPS WITH ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS THAT PREPARE THE NEXT GENERATION FOR NASA AND THE NATION S STEM WORKFORCE NEEDS. WITH OVER FOUR DECADES EXPERIENCE MANAGING AND IMPLEMENTING NASA EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS USRA IS A LEADER IN ADMINISTERING EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR STUDENTS AND TEACHERS THAT LEAD TO EMPLOYMENT WITH NASA AND INDUSTRY IN STEM AND BUSINESS FIELDS. USRA'S EXPERIENCE AND BEST PRACTICES WILL RESULT IN THE EFFICIENCIES FLEXIBILITY AND SCALABILITY NEEDED TO SUCCESSFULLY MANAGE THE NASA INTERNSHIPS PROGRAM.USRA IN PARTNERSHIP WITH NASA WILL IMPLEMENT AND SUPPORT NASA INTERNSHIPS THROUGH INNOVATIVE AND PROVEN PROGRAM MANAGEMENT METHODS AND STRATEGIC BUSINESS PRACTICES THAT WILL 1) INCREASE RETENTION RATES AMONG STUDENTS ENTERING STEM DISCIPLINES; 2) REACH A DIVERSE POPULATION OF STUDENTS; 3) DEVELOP A HIGHLY SKILLED WORKFORCE THAT POSSESSES THE TECHNICAL CAPABILITIES NEEDED TO MAKE FUTURE DISCOVERIES AND ADVANCEMENTS IN STEM RELATED FIELDS. THROUGH A STEM EDUCATION NETWORK COMPRISED OF OVER 400 RESEARCH UNIVERSITIES INCLUDING FOUR HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES (HBCUS) AND TWO HISPANIC SERVING INSTITUTIONS (HISS) USRA CONNECTS THE TOP EXPERTS RESEARCHERS AND FACULTY MEMBERS IN STEM DISCIPLINES WITH OPPORTUNITIES FOR STEM INTERNS. USRA'S BROAD REACH INTO THE STEM EDUCATION COMMUNITY WILL SUPPORT NASA INTERNSHIPS TO INCREASE STUDENT DIVERSITY ENHANCE THE STUDENT EXPERIENCE ENCOURAGE CONTINUITY ACROSS PROGRAMS AND AGENCIES AND MAXIMIZE OPPORTUNITIES FOR STUDENTS. NASA INTERNSHIPS WILL ENGAGE HIGH SCHOOL UNDERGRADUATE GRADUATE STUDENTS AND TEACHERS WHO REPRESENT THE DIVERSE POPULATION OF THE NATION THROUGH NASA MENTOR-GUIDED STEM AND BUSINESS ACTIVITIES THAT FOSTER THEIR EDUCATION GOALS AND ENGAGE THEM IN NASA'S MISSION.

SPACE LIFE SCIENCES RESEARCH AND EDUCATION PROGRAMNASA'S EXPLORATION GOALS SHALL BE FURTHERED THROUGH THE DEVELOPMENT OF A SCIENCE PROGRAM TO FACIL

THE UNIVERSITIES SPACE RESEARCH ASSOCIATION PROPOSES TO OPERATE THE LUNAR AND PLANETARY INSTITUTE AT ITS HOUSTON FACILITY ADJACENT TO NASA JOHNSON SP

THE NATURE OF SCIENCE RESEARCH AT MSFC RELIES ON SMALL FOCUSED INTERDISCIPLINARY AND CROSS CUTTING TEAMS IN ORDER TO ACCOMPLISH THE RESEARCH GOALS AND MEET CUSTOMER NEEDS. USRA HAS VAST EXPERIENCE WORKING INTERCHANGEABLY WITH MSFC RESEARCHERS SO THAT THEY ARE TRUSTED AGENTS TO DEVELOP TOOLS GENERATE AND MODEL DATA DOCUMENT AND PRESENT OR PUBLISH RESULTS. MSFC HAS MADE SIGNIFICANT INVESTMENTS IN THE CURRENT RESEARCH TEAMS OVER SEVERAL YEARS IN ORDER TO COLLABORATIVELY ADVANCE THE RESEARCH GOALS. USRA PERSONNEL ARE OFTEN IDENTIFIED BY NAME ON AWARDED RESEARCH PROPOSALS AND IN SOME CASES MAY EVEN BE THE PRINCIPLE INVESTIGATOR. USRA POSSESSES UNIQUE CAPABILITIES FOR REACHBACK WITH OVER 100 UNIVERSITIES PROVIDING QUICK ACCESS TO EXPERTS IN MANY AREAS WITHIN OUR RESEARCH FIELDS WHO COULD BE BROUGHT IN TO PROVIDE LIMITED AND FOCUSED SUPPORT. THE VAST EXPANSE OF UNIVERSITIES ALL OVER THE WORLD WILL BE ACCESSED STRATEGICALLY TO GAIN DIRECT ACCESS TO WORLDWIDE LEADERS IN TECHNICAL AREAS ACCESS TO TEST EQUIPMENT DATA OR COLLABORATION ON FURTHERING SCIENTIFIC GOALS.

THE NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ASSOCIATION (NASA) SUPPORTS THE PRESIDENT AND THE NATIONAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COUNCIL COMMITTEE ON STEM EDUCAT

SINCE ITS INCEPTION MORE THAN FIVE DECADES AGO THE LPI HAS PLAYED A UNIQUE ROLE IN THE LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE COMMUNITY PROVIDING A MEANS FOR COOPERATION AMONG NASA UNIVERSITIES AND OTHER RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS TO ADVANCE NASA S OBJECTIVES IN PLANETARY SCIENCE. THE LPI S SUCCESS IS DUE TO THE BREADTH OF ITS ACTIVITIES THE ACTIVE SYNERGIES AMONG THEM AND CRUCIALLY THE INFUSION OF SCIENCE INTO EVERYTHING WE DO. THE LPI ALSO HAS A LONG HISTORY OF FRUITFUL COLLABORATION WITH THE ASTROMATERIALS DIVISION AT NASA S JOHNSON SPACE CENTER (JSC) FACILITATED BY THE CLOSE PROXIMITY OF OUR TWO ORGANIZATIONS.

THE NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ASSOCIATION (NASA) SUPPORTS THE PRESIDENT AND THE NATIONAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COUNCIL COMMITTEE ON STEM EDUCAT

THE USRA RESPONSE TO NASA EDUCATION ASSOCIATES PROGRAM CAN:USRA PROPOSES TO ASSUME MANAGEMENT OF THE EDUCATION ASSOCIATES PROGRAM (EAP) AND TO USE I

5-YEAR RENEWAL COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT CA 80MSFC17M0022

FOR THE TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS COMPONENT OF THE UPCOMING DESDYN IR MISSION, NEW CHALLENGES HAVE EMERGED RELATED TO HOW TO MAKE BEST USE OF THE MISSIO

USRA RESPONSE TO NASA COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT NOTICE #NNJ07198752C FOR THE UNDERGRADUATE STUDENT RESEARCH PROGRAMUSRA HAS A DEVELOPED A COMPREHENSIVE

EXPANDING NASAS COMMUNITY FOR PLANETARY SAMPLE SCIENCE ENCOMPSS

CALLABORATIVE RESCH, EDUC, & OUTREACH PROG FOR THE NATIONAL SCIENCE & TECH CENTER

'CAPABILITIES AND EXPERIENCE TO MANAGE THE AFRL SCHOLARS PROGRAM AT EGLIN AFB' SUBMITTED ON 14 AUGUST 2017 (THE RECIPIENT'S TECHNICAL PROPOSAL) IS IN

THE NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ASSOCIATION (NASA) SUPPORTS THE PRESIDENT AND THE NATIONAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COUNCIL COMMITTEE ON STEM EDUCAT

THE UNIVERSITIES SPACE RESEARCH ASSOCIATION (USRA) PROPOSES TO ESTABLISH AN INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH INITIATIVE FOR INNOVOLION IN AEROSPACE METHODS AND

THE NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ASSOCIATION (NASA) SUPPORTS THE PRESIDENT AND THE NATIONAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COUNCIL COMMITTEE ON STEM EDUCAT

AFRL SCHOLARS PROGRAM FOR THE PHILLIPS RESEARCH SITE (PRS) ISSUED PURSUANT TO TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THE AFRL SCHOLAR PROGRAM, AGREEMENT FA9453-

WE PLAN TO AUGMENT THE CURRENT TARGET-DRIVEN OBSERVING AT THE ARECIBO OBSERVATORY, WHERE EACH TARGET IS CHOSEN AND SCHEDULED IN ADVANCE, WITH A DISCO

WE ARE REQUESTING FUNDING FOR FIVE YEARS FOR SUPPORT OF THE OPERATION OF THE 2.38-GHZ RADAR SYSTEM ON THE 305-M ARECIBO TELESCOPE FOR CHARACTERIZATIO

THE NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ASSOCIATION (NASA) SUPPORTS THE PRESIDENT AND THE NATIONAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COUNCIL COMMITTEE ON STEM EDUCAT

CAREER EXPLORATION PROGRAM

THE UNIVERSITIES SPACE RESEARCH ASSOCIATION (USRA), A NOT FOR PROFIT RESEARCH ORGANIZATION, IS PLEASED TO SUBMIT THE FOLLOWING BUDGET JUSTIFICATION I

LUNAR SAMPLES WILL BE ANALYZED AND RELATED MODELS DEVELOPED TO BETTER ADDRESS THE ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF THE MOON AS THEY ARE AFFECTED BY IMPACT PRO

FPDS BASE DESCRIPTION MULTIPLE YEAR AWARD&INCREMENTAL FUNDING FOR YEARS ONE TO FIVE. THIS PROPOSAL IS ENTITLED "INNER SOLAR SYSTEM IMPACT PROCESSES: AN INTEGRATED ANALYSIS USING EXTRATERRESTRIAL SAMPLES ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS AND MODELING." THIS IS AWARDED IN RESPONSE TO COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT NOTICE (CAN) NO. NNH13ZDA006C SOLAR SYSTEM EXPLORATION RESEARCH VIRTUAL INSTITUTE (SSERVI) CYCLE TWO. THE PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR IS DR. DAVID A. KRING WITH UNIVERSITIES SPACE RESEARCH ASSOCIATION (USRA). PROJECT SUMMARY: LUNAR SAMPLES AND METEORITIC SAMPLES OF NEAR-EARTH ASTEROIDS WILL BE ANALYZED TO BETTER ADDRESS THE COLLISIONAL EVOLUTION OF THE INNER SOLAR SYSTEM RANGING IN THE TIME FROM THE EARLIEST STAGES OF PLANETARY ACCRETION TO THE PROCESSES THAT CREATED THE SURFACES WE SEE TODAY. THESE DATA WILL PROVIDE THE FUEL TO CATALYZE AND CONSTRAIN MAJOR SOLAR SYSTEM HYPOTHESES LIKE THE INNER SOLAR SYSTEM IMPACT CATACLYSM&ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ORBITAL EVOLUTION OF OUTER SOLAR SYSTEM PLANETS. SAMPLE ANALYSES WILL BE INTEGRATED WITH ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS OF NEAR-EARTH ASTEROIDS AND A GEOLOGIC ASSESSMENT OF THEIR SURFACES. MODELS OF ASTEROIDS&THE IMPACTS THEY PRODUCE WILL THEN BE USED TO DETERMINE THE HISTORICAL FLUX OF IMPACT EVENTS THEIR CONSEQUENCES &POTENTIAL FUTURE HAZARDS. LPI&JSC ARE LEADING A TEAM THAT WILL HELP GROW AN INTEGRATED SCIENCE&EXPLORATION COMMUNITY THROUGH COLLABORATIONS WITH RESEARCHERS AT SEVERAL INSTITUTIONS. THE RESEARCH PROVIDES THE FOUNDATION FOR A RICH TRAINING EDUCATIONAL&PUBLIC OUTREACH (E/PO) PROGRAM. THE TEAM WILL WORK WITH A CONSORTIUM OF NATIONALLY-DISTRIBUTED UNIVERSITIES AND COMMUNITY COLLEGES INCLUDING SEVERAL MINORITY-SERVING INSTITUTIONS TO INCREASE EXPOSURE OF UNDERGRADUATE&GRADUATE STUDENTS TO SPACE SCIENCE&EXPLORATION. WE WILL EXPAND OUR CURRENT SUITE OF LUNAR E/PO PROGRAMS TO INCLUDE ADDITIONAL LUNAR AND NEAR-EARTH ASTEROID SCIENCE EXPERIENCES FOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS TRAVELING EXHIBITS FOR LIBRARIES AND MUSEUMS AN ON-LINE GALLERY OF SOLAR SYSTEM IMAGES AND A PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT WEBSITE. ALL OF THESE ACTIVITIES ARE DESIGNED WITH AN INTERFACE BETWEEN THE SCIENCE&EXPLORATION COMMUNITIES&WILL DEVELOP CONTENT THAT CAN BE USED TO DEVELOP FUTURE ROBOTIC&HUMAN MISSIONS.

THIS IS A PROPOSAL TO CONDUCT FURTHER RESEARCH WITH THE FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION'S (FAA'S) UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS CENTER OF EXCELLENCE AND NASA ON UAS USE IN A BROAD RANGE OF PUBLIC SAFETY APPLICATIONS OVER LAND AND MARITIME ENVIRONMENTS

THE NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ASSOCIATION (NASA) SUPPORTS THE PRESIDENT AND THE NATIONAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COUNCIL COMMITTEE ON STEM EDUCAT

VREO "VISITING RESEARCHER EXCHANGE AND OUTREACH PROGRAM"

23-NUP2023-0050 2023 SUMMER PROGRAM ENTITLED: 'MATERIALS AND NUCLEAR ANALYSES OF THE CENTRIFUGAL NUCLEAR THERMAL REACTOR'

THE UNIVERSITIES SPACE RESEARCH ASSOCIATION (USRA)-LUNAR AND PLANETARY INSTITUTE (LPI) PROPOSES TO PLAN AND IMPLEMENT ANNUAL MEETINGS AND PROVIDE TRAVEL AND SALARY SUPPORT FOR NASA S PROGRAM ANALYSIS (OR ASSESSMENT) GROUPS (PAGS). THE EIGHT PLANETARY

UNIVERSITIES SPACE RESEARCH ASSOCIATION PLANET SEPOF: EXTENDING THE COHERENCE AND REACH OF NASA PLA

THE UNIVERSITIES SPACE RESEARCH ASSOCIATION (USRA) ACTING BY AND THROUGH THE LUNAR AND PLANETARY INSTITUTE (REFERRED TO THROUGHOUT THE DOCUMENT AS THE INSTITUTE OR LPI) IS PROPOSING A SCIENCE COLLABORATION TO FACILITATE THE EFFORTS OF THE ASTROMATERIALS RESEARCH AND EXPLORATION SCIENCE (ARES) DIVISION BY PROVIDING SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS AND EXPERTISE TO COMPLEMENT AND EXTEND THE EXISTING CAPABILITIES IN ARES. AS A TOP QUALITY WORLD RENOWNED SCIENCE INSTITUTE THE LPI IS UNIQUELY POSITIONED TO PROVIDE TECHNICAL PERSONNEL WITH STRONG RESEARCH CREDENTIALS THAT WOULD PROVIDE A FORUM FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH IDEAS IN LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE. LPI S EXPERIENCE IN DEALING WITH NASA BADGING AND VISAS FOR FOREIGN NATIONALS BRINGS A UNIQUE RESOURCE TO THE ARES DIVISION. ADDITIONALLY THE LPI WILL PROVIDE USE OF THE FACILITIES AT THE INSTITUTE INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO MEETING FACILITIES OUTSIDE THE JSC FENCE TO FACILITATE CONVERSATIONS WITH COLLABORATORS; IT RESOURCES AND STAFF THAT PROVIDE COMPLEMENTARY RESOURCES TO THOSE AT JSC; A LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LIBRARY COLLECTION THAT EXCEEDS 62 000 BOOKS JOURNALS AND ARCHIVED NASA DOCUMENTS; THE ENTIRE APOLLO IMAGE COLLECTION HOUSED AT THE INSTITUTE S REGIONAL PLANETARY IMAGE FACILITY (RPIF); AND ACCESS TO SCHOLARS AND STUDENTS TO ADDRESS KEY PLANETARY SCIENCE QUESTIONS.

THE NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ASSOCIATION (NASA) RECOGNIZES THE NATION'S NEED FOR TALENTED AND DIVERSE STUDENTS IN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEER

WHILE THE ROLE OF OCEANS IN THE GLOBAL CARBON CYCLE AND ITS EXCHANGES WITH THE ATMOSPHERE ARE INDISPUTABLE IT IS LESS CLEAR HOW THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE UPPER OCEANS DETERMINE THE VERTICAL TRANSFER OF ORGANIC MATTER AND HOW THEY INFLUENCE THE EFFICIENCY OF THESE VERTICAL FLUXES. USING THE EXPERTISE IN OSSES AT THE NASA GLOBAL MODELING AND ASSIMILATION OFFICE (GMAO) WE WILL ASSESS DIFFERENT OBSERVATIONAL STRATEGIES ALLOWING FOR BEST USE OF RESOURCES TO MAXIMIZE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE EXPORT FLUXES PRIOR TO THE EXPORTS FIELD CAMPAIGNS. THE STATE-OF-THE-ART GMAO MODEL WILL ALLOW US TO TEST THESE OBSERVATIONAL STRATEGIES AT DIFFERENT SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL SCALES TO INFORM VARIOUS ASPECTS OF THE PLANNING. THESE SIMULATION EXPERIMENTS WILL PROVIDE THE LOCATIONS FREQUENCY AND PARAMETERS NEEDED TO REPRESENT THE OCEAN CARBON PATHWAYS OVER A RANGE OF CONTRASTING ECOSYSTEM/CARBON CYCLE STATES. ADDITIONALLY THE COMBINATION OF EXPERTISE AT GMAO IN SEASONAL TO DECADAL FORECAST WITH THE EXPERTISE OF NASA GISS IN DECADAL TO CENTURY CHANGES WILL PROVIDE SHORT- AND LONG-TERM FORECASTS OF BIOGEOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS INVOLVED IN CARBON EXPORT. THESE FORECASTS WILL HELP IN ASSESSING HOW REPRESENTATIVE THE VARIOUS SAMPLING STRATEGIES ARE FOR SEASONAL AND DECADAL VARIABILITY AND CHANGES. THE REPRESENTATION OF THE EXPORT OF PRIMARY PRODUCTION FROM THE SURFACE WATERS TO THE DEEP OCEAN IN THE NASA OCEAN BIOGEOCHEMICAL MODEL WILL BE USED TO ASSESS FUTURE RESPONSES TO CHANGES IN OCEAN ECOSYSTEMS AND CARBON TRANSPORT.

ANALYSES OF LUNAR SAMPLES EXPERIMENTAL ANALOGUES AND METEORITIC REMNANTS OF COLLISIONAL RESERVOIRS WILL BE USED TO ASSESS THE ACCRETION AND SUBSEQUENT BOMBARDMENT OF THE EARTH-MOON SYSTEM WITH A SPECIFIC FOCUS ON THE DELIVERY AND PROCESSING OF VOLA

PLANETARY EXPLORATION IS AMONG THE MOST EXCITING AND ACCESSIBLE OF THE SCIENCE ACTIVITIES FUNDED BY NASA OR ANY GOVERNMENT AGENCY. THE LUNAR AND PLANETARY INSTITUTE AND PARTNERS PROPOSE PLANETARY RESOURCES AND CONTENT HEROES (REACH) A PROCESS OR

TAS:: 57 3600::TAS AFRL SCHOLARS PROGRAM FOR THE PHILLIPS RESEARCH SITE (PRS) FY 2017 SUMMER PROGRAM

COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT WITH UNIVERSITIES SPACE RESEARCH ASSOCIATION (USRA)

AFRL SCHOLARS PROGRAM FOR THE MUNITIONS DIRECTORATE (RW) 2014 PROGRAM.

VISITING RESEARCH EXCHANGE AND OUTREACH (VREO) PROGRAM

THIS COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT IS FOR RESEARCH AND SUPPORT AT THE NATIONAL SPACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

"PROPOSAL FOR SUPPORT OF THE CHIEF SCIENTIST OF CONSTELLATION SYSTEMS"THE UNIVERSITIES SPACE RESEARC

THE NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ASSOCIATION (NASA) SUPPORTS THE PRESIDENT AND THE NATIONAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COUNCIL COMMITTEE ON STEM EDUCAT

TAS::57 3600::TAS AFRL SCHOLARS PROGRAM FOR THE PHILLIPS RESEARCH SITE (PRS) FY 2016 SUMMER PROGRAM

THE RECIPIENT SHALL PERFORM RESEARCH IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE RECIPIENT'SSTATEMENT OF WORK ENTITLED, "AFRL SCHOLARS PROGRAM PHILLIPS RESEARCH SITE(PRS)"

AFRL SCHOLARS PROGRAM FOR THE PHILLIPS RESEARCH SITE (PRS) FY 2014 SUMMER PROGRAM

COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT WITH ASTROMATERIALS RESEARCH AND EXPLORATION (ARES)THE RECIPIENT SHALL BE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE PERFORMANCE OF THE FOLLOWING AGR

COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH IN INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR INVESTIGATION OF RESOURCES AND HAZARDS

UNIVERSITY SPACE RESEARCH ASSOCIATION- AFRL SCHOLARS AND FACULTY FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM

LPI RENEWAL PROPOSAL

THE PRIMARY FOCUS OF THIS AGREEMENT IS TO FOSTER COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH BETWEEN USGS AND USRA FOR A RANGE OF RESEARCH TOPICS INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED, TO EARTHQUAKE EARLY WARNING, EARTHQUAKE PHYSICS, AND SEISMIC HAZARD ANALYSIS. MANY OF THESE PROJECTS WILL ALSO INVOLVE COLLABORATION AND COORDINATION WITH NASA. IN ADDITION, THIS AGREEMENT WILL SUPPORT WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT WITH MENTORING OF STUDENTS AND COLLABORATIONS WITH POSTDOCTORAL FELLOWS IN SCIENTIFIC PROJECTS, AS WELL AS DIVERSE RESEARCH WITH FACULTY IN COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES ON CONTENT OF RELEVANCE TO USGS.

THIS PROPOSAL IS TO SUPPORT THE PI'S ACTIVITIES AS CO-I OFTHE CHEMIN MINERALOGICAL INSTRUMENT THAT IS PART OF THE MARS SCIENCE LABORATORY (MSL) ROVER

NSF ENGINES DEVELOPMENT AWARD: UTILIZING SPACE RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND MANUFACTURING TO IMPROVE THE HUMAN CONDITION (OH) -THIS REGIONAL INNOVATION ENGINES DEVELOPMENT AWARD AIMS TO INTEGRATE THE STATE?S UNIQUE STRENGTHS IN SPACE, BIOLOGICAL, AND PHYSICAL SCIENCES TO IMPROVE LIFE ON OUR PLANET. THE PROPOSED GEORGE WASHINGTON CARVER (GWC) SCIENCE PARK ACCELERATOR & REGIONAL CATALYST ? OHIO (SPARC OHIO) ENGINE SEEKS TO POSITION OHIO AS THE GO-TO DESTINATION FOR THE PROJECTED $1T SPACE ECONOMY, REVITALIZING ECONOMICALLY DEPRESSED REGIONS IN OHIO BY CREATING THOUSANDS OF JOBS, INSPIRING STUDENTS OF ALL AGES THROUGH COMPREHENSIVE AND INCLUSIVE EDUCATION AND TRAINING PROGRAMS, AND SECURING US LEADERSHIP IN THE EMERGING COMMERCIAL SPACE ECONOMY. IF SUCCESSFUL, THE EVENTUAL NSF ENGINE STEMMING OUT OF THIS PROJECT WILL LEVERAGE: 1) THE BENEFITS OF TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPED FOR SPACE, IN-SPACE EXPERIMENTS AND MANUFACTURING, AND UNIQUE TERRESTRIAL FACILITIES TO CONDUCT USE-INSPIRED R&D THAT IS ALL BUT IMPOSSIBLE TO PERFORM WITHOUT SPACE AS A CATALYST; 2) OHIO?S PREMIER SPACE-RELATED FACILITIES AND ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS, WHICH PROVIDE THE ENGINE?S FOUNDATION IN SPACE RESEARCH AND WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT; 3) PROVEN COMMERCIALIZATION PRACTICES AND A ROBUST ACCELERATOR AND INVESTOR COMMUNITY; 4) A CONTINUUM OF WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS; AND 5) OHIO?S APPEAL AS A HIGHLY ATTRACTIVE DESTINATION, OFFERING ECONOMIC INCENTIVES AND A HIGH QUALITY OF LIVING THAT DRAW INDIVIDUALS AND ORGANIZATIONS TO ESTABLISH THEMSELVES IN OHIO. TECHNOLOGIES DEVELOPED FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS MUST BE HIGHLY RELIABLE AND SUSTAINABLE IN A HARSH ENVIRONMENT. RESULTING INNOVATIONS INCLUDE HIGH-TEMPERATURE RESISTANT, LIGHTWEIGHT, LONG-LIFE, AND HIGH-EFFICIENCY PRODUCTS WITH ENORMOUS POTENTIAL TO IMPROVE LIFE ON EARTH. OPERATING IN SPACE OFFERS A UNIQUE RESEARCH AND MANUFACTURING ENVIRONMENT TO A BROAD RANGE OF SECTORS DUE TO MICROGRAVITY (WHICH PROVIDES WEIGHTLESSNESS), A NEAR-VACUUM STATE, AND HIGHER LEVELS OF RADIATION. A KEY ENABLER OF SPACE-BASED RESEARCH AND MANUFACTURING IS ACCESS TO LONG-TERM MICROGRAVITY. GRAVITY INFLUENCES EVERYTHING ON EARTH, FROM THE DEVELOPMENT OF LIFE TO THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN MATERIALS. THE MICRO-GRAVITY ENVIRONMENT ABOARD AN ORBITING SPACECRAFT ALLOWS SCIENTISTS TO CONDUCT EXPERIMENTS AND DEVELOP MANUFACTURING PROCESSES THAT ARE IMPOSSIBLE TO ACHIEVE ON EARTH. SPARC OHIO WILL LEVERAGE FACILITIES AND SERVICES THAT SUPPORT BOTH GROUND- AND SPACE-BASED RESEARCH TO SIGNIFICANTLY EXPAND THE EXISTING PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN THE STATE AND FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, INDUSTRY, AND ACADEMIA THROUGHOUT OHIO. THE ENGINE WILL DEVELOP PATHWAYS TO CONNECT CRITICAL SPACE, BIOLOGICAL, AND PHYSICAL SCIENCE KNOWLEDGE WITH REGIONAL AND NATIONAL STAKEHOLDERS TO SOLVE USE-INSPIRED PROBLEMS. PROJECTED OUTCOMES INCLUDE RE-ESTABLISHING US COMPETITIVENESS IN SEMICONDUCTORS, IMPROVING CONSUMERS? LIVES THROUGH INNOVATIVE PRODUCTS, ADVANCING HEALTH AND WELLNESS, STRENGTHENING FOOD PRODUCTION AND SECURITY, AND PROMOTING ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY. THIS DEVELOPMENT AWARD WILL ENABLE THE SPARC OHIO TO ENGAGE IN A REGIONAL, COLLABORATIVE PLANNING PROCESS TO PREPARE A FUTURE ENGINE TO MEET THESE GOALS. THIS AWARD REFLECTS NSF'S STATUTORY MISSION AND HAS BEEN DEEMED WORTHY OF SUPPORT THROUGH EVALUATION USING THE FOUNDATION'S INTELLECTUAL MERIT AND BROADER IMPACTS REVIEW CRITERIA.- SUBAWARDS ARE PLANNED FOR THIS AWARD.

TO PERFORM RESEARCH, EDUCATION, & OUTREACH ACTIVITIES RELATED TO TECH. DEVELOPMENT IN AEROSPC

ASTEROID 2008 TC3 WAS TRACKED AND STUDIED FOR ~19 HOURS BEFORE IT IMPACTED IN SUDAN IN OCTOBER 2008. SEARCH CAMPAIGNS IN THE PREDICTED FALL AREA LED BY CO-IS SHADDAD AND JENNISKENS RECOVERED ~600 STONES (~0.2-400 G EACH) THAT WERE NAMED THE ALMAHATA SITTA (AHS) METEORITE. AHS IS THE FIRST METEORITE OBSERVED TO ORIGINATE FROM A SPECTRALLY CLASSIFIED ASTEROID AND PROVIDES AN UNPRECEDENTED OPPORTUNITY TO CORRELATE PROPERTIES OF A METEORITE WITH PROPERTIES OF THE ASTEROID FROM WHICH IT WAS DERIVED. 2008 TC3 WAS ALSO THE FIRST NEAR-EARTH OBJECT (NEO) DETECTED BEFORE IT IMPACTED EARTH WHICH MAKES IT UNIQUE FOR STUDIES IN PLANETARY DEFENSE. THE MAIN AHS COLLECTION IS CURATED AT THE UNIVERSITY OF KHARTOUM (UOK) BY CO-I SHADDAD DOCUMENTED WITH FIND COORDINATES FOR EACH STONE IN THE STREWN FIELD. STUDIES OF 85 OF THESE STONES (61 BY OUR TEAM UNDER A 1-YEAR PROOF-OF-CONCEPT GRANT FROM EMERGING WORLDS) HAVE SHOWN THAT AHS IS A REMARKABLE METEORITE. APPROXIMATELY 80% OF THE STONES ARE UREILITES (CARBON-RICH ULTRAMAFIC ACHONDRITES) WHILE ~20% ARE VARIOUS TYPES OF CHONDRITES SO AHS IS CLASSIFIED AS AN ANOMALOUS POLYMICT UREILITE. FAR FROM BEING A COHERENT MONOLITHOLOGIC ROCK IN SPACE ASTEROID 2008 TC3 WAS A LOOSELY AGGREGATED HETEROGENEOUS OBJECT THAT DISINTEGRATED IN THE ATMOSPHERE WITH ITS CLASTS LANDING ON EARTH AS INDIVIDUAL STONES. DETERMINING THE PHYSICAL AND COMPOSITIONAL STRUCTURE OF THIS ASTEROID IS CRITICAL TO UNDERSTANDING ITS FORMATION THE PROVENANCE OF ITS COMPONENTS ITS ORBITAL AND COLLISIONAL HISTORY AND THE FATE OF RELATED ASTEROIDAL FRAGMENTS. IT IS ALSO OF PARAMOUNT IMPORTANCE TO THE GOALS OF THE NEO PROGRAM AND MISSIONS TO ASTEROIDS. COMPLETE CLASSIFICATION OF THE UOK COLLECTION IS NEEDED TO DETERMINE THE PHYSICAL AND COMPOSITIONAL STRUCTURE OF 2008 TC3. OUR PROOF-OF-CONCEPT WORK SHOWED THAT AHS IS EXTREMELY HETEROGENEOUS AND REVEALED THE FIRST AHS STONES TO CONSIST OF BOTH UREILITIC AND CHONDRITIC MATERIALS. IT IS VIRTUALLY CERTAIN THAT THE REST OF THE COLLECTION HARBORS NEW MATERIALS. FURTHERMORE THE DOCUMENTATION OF FIND COORDINATES FOR EACH STONE ALLOWS DETERMINATION OF THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF DIFFERENT MATERIALS IN THE ASTEROID. WE PROPOSE TO SELECT AND STUDY ~150 NEW STONES (IN 3 YEARS) FROM THE UOK COLLECTION. THE OBJECTIVES ARE: 1) TO DETERMINE THE FULL DIVERSITY AND PROPORTIONS OF ROCK TYPES AMONG AHS STONES; 2) TO DETERMINE THE PHYSICAL AND COMPOSITIONAL STRUCTURE OF ASTEROID 2008 TC3 INCLUDING GRAIN SIZE AND DISTRIBUTION AND ROCK TYPE DISTRIBUTION; 3) TO CONSTRAIN THE ORIGIN AND HISTORY OF 2008 TC3 INCLUDING MECHANISM(S) AND TIMING OF FORMATION PROVENANCE OF CONSTITUENT MATERIALS COLLISIONAL EVENTS ORBITAL EVOLUTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF RELATED ASTEROIDS. TO ACCOMPLISH THESE WE WILL USE A BATTERY OF ANALYTICAL AND MODELING TECHNIQUES INCLUDING: FE-SEM EMPA AND FIB/TEM (MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY); BULK AND SIMS OXYGEN ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; VNIR MIR AND MICRO-FTIR REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; CR ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; AR-AR DATING; NOBLE GAS AND COSMOGENIC NUCLIDE ANALYSIS; LEAST-SQUARES MODELING OF THE 2008 TC3 REFLECTANCE SPECTRUM AND; PREDICTIVE MODELING OF REFLECTANCE SPECTRA OF RELATED ASTEROIDS. THE PROPOSED WORK IS A SERENDIPITOUS ASTEROID SAMPLE RETURN MISSION RELEVANT TO THE STRATEGIC SCIENCE GOAL OF EW TO EXPLORE AND OBSERVE THE OBJECTS IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM TO UNDERSTAND HOW THEY FORMED AND EVOLVED. IT IS AN INTERDISCIPLINARY EFFORT UNITING METEORITE PETROLOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY WITH ASTEROID SPECTROSCOPY AND METEOR ASTRONOMY TO ADDRESS THE KEY QUESTION OF HOW A HETEROGENEOUS RUBBLE PILE-LIKE ASTEROID FORMED EVOLVED AND EVENTUALLY IMPACTED EARTH. RESULTS WILL AID IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MISSIONS TO ASTEROIDS. THE WORK ADDRESSES PROCESSES OF ACCRETION COLLISIONAL MIXING OF INNER AND OUTER SOLAR SYSTEM MATERIALS AND REGOLITH FORMATION IN THE EARLY SOLAR SYSTEM BEFORE THE PLANETS WERE IN THEIR MODERN CONFIGURATION AND IS THUS RELEVANT TO EW.

RYUGU AND THE QUEST FOR UNALTERED CI-LIKE MATERIALS FROM THE EARLY SOLAR SYSTEM

LOW COST, RAPID DEVELOPMENT INSTRUMENTATION FOR RADIO TELESCOPES

THIS PROPOSAL ADDRESSES NASA'S CRITICAL NEED TO ENSURE THE INTEGRITY AND CONTINUITY OF ITS SPACE-BASED OBSERVATIONAL SYSTEMS FOR WATER VAPOR AND OZONE BY CONTINUING THE TICOSONDE WATER VAPOR AND OZONE BALLOON SONDE LAUNCH PROGRAM WHICH WE STARTED IN COSTA RICA IN 2005. TICOSONDE CFH MEASUREMENTS ARE THE ONLY CONTINUOUS SERIES OF IN SITU WATER VAPOR MEASUREMENTS IN THE TROPICS WITH NEARLY 200 LATE VAPOR SOUNDINGS TO DATE AND TICOSONDE HAS CONTRIBUTED 500 PROFILES OF OZONE TO SHADOZ AS WELL. WE HAVE TWO MAIN OBJECTIVES IN THIS PROPOSAL. THE FIRST IS TO FULFILL NASA S CRITICAL NEED TO SUPPORT WATER VAPOR AND OZONE MONITORING IN THE TROPICS AND SECOND TO PROVIDE SUFFICIENT WATER VAPOR AND OZONE BALLOON SONDE DATA FOR VALIDATION OF THE SAGE-III ISS OMPSLIMB AND OTHER SPACE-BASED MEASUREMENTS OF THESE TRACE SPECIES IN THE UTLS. AS A COMPLEMENTARY OBJECTIVE WE WILL CONDUCT NEEDED INTER-COMPARISONS BETWEEN FROST POINT HYGROMETER WATER VAPOR MEASUREMENTS AND THE NEW VAISALA RS-41 RADIOSONDE. TO ACHIEVE THESE OBJECTIVES WE WILL UNDERTAKE THE FOLLOWING PRIMARY TASKS: REGULAR BALLOON SONDE PROFILING OF WATER VAPOR AND OZONE TO THE LOWER AND MIDDLE STRATOSPHERE. WE WILL MAKE TWICE-MONTHLY LAUNCHES IN COSTA RICA OF ELECTROCHEMICAL CONCENTRATION CELL (ECC) OZONESONDES AUGMENTED ONCE MONTHLY WITH WATER VAPOR MEASUREMENTS USING THE CRYOGENIC FROSTPOINT HYGROMETER (CFH). PROVIDE HIGH-RESOLUTION WATER VAPOR AND OZONE PROFILES FOR VALIDATION OF SAGE-III ISS AND OMPS-LIMB WITH COORDINATED BALLOON SONDE LAUNCHES. SUPPORT ONGOING ASSESSMENT AND VALIDATION OF SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS AT NOAA ESRL AND BY OTHER INVESTIGATORS. COMPARE UT/LS MEASUREMENTS OF WATER VAPOR FROM THE VAISALA RS-41 RADIOSONDE AGAINST CFH FROST POINT MEASUREMENTS DURING OUR MONTHLY WATER VAPOR/OZONE LAUNCHES. THE CONTINUED TICOSONDE OBSERVATIONS OF WATER VAPOR AND OZONE IN THE TROPICAL UT/LS PROPOSED HERE DIRECTLY ADDRESS NASA S NEED FOR MONITORING OF THESE TRACE SPECIES IN SUPPORT OF ITS SPACE-BASED PROGRAM TO OBSERVE ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION. COSTA RICA ALSO PROVIDES A UNIQUE SITE IN THE DEEP TROPICS FOR VALIDATING INSTRUMENTS SUCH AS SAGE-III ISS. AND IN THE EVENT OF A PREMATURE TERMINATION OF THE AURA MLS INSTRUMENT THE TICOSONDE DATA RECORD WILL BE A KEY BRIDGE TO SUCCESSOR SPACE-BASED WATER VAPOR MEASUREMENTS FOR THE TROPICAL UPPER TROPOSPHERE AND LOWER STRATOSPHERE.

THE PROPOSED RESEARCH'S OVERARCHING GOAL IS TO ASSESS THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND DEGREE OF ELECTRICITY ACCESS DEFICITS AND EXPLORE HOW FUTURE ELECTRICITY SUPPLY TO CLOSE THOSE DEFICITS AND MEET GROWING DEMAND WILL IMPACT EMISSIONS. IN PARTICULAR OUR PROJECT EXAMINES THREE RESEARCH QUESTIONS: (1) WHERE AND TO WHAT DEGREE ARE THERE GAPS IN ELECTRICITY RELIABILITY (AND ELECTRIFICATION) GLOBALLY AND HOW HAVE THESE GAPS CHANGED OVER THE PAST DECADE? (2) WHAT IS THE LATENT UNMET ELECTRICITY DEMAND IN AREAS WITHOUT ELECTRIFICATION OR WITH INTERMITTENT ELECTRICITY ACCESS? (3) HOW WILL ELECTRICITY DEMAND FOR LOW AND NO ACCESS AREAS EVOLVE GIVEN DIFFERENT SOCIOECONOMIC AND CLIMATE FUTURES? HOW WILL THE ELECTRICITY SUPPLY REQUIRED TO MEET THE GROWING DEMAND SHAPE EMISSIONS AND IMPACT CLIMATE COMMITMENTS? THIS PROJECT DEVELOPS AN URGENTLY NEEDED ASSESSMENT OF THE STATE OF THE WORLD'S ELECTRICITY PROVISION AND SCENARIOS FOR ITS EXPANSION. AS THE BASIS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF ELECTRICITY RELIABILITY WE RELY ON SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS OF NIGHTLIGHTS FROM THE NEW NASA BLACK MARBLE STANDARD PRODUCTS DERIVED FROM THE VISIBLE INFRARED IMAGING RADIOMETER SUITE DAY/NIGHT BAND ONBOARD SUOMI-NPP AND NOAA-20. DAILY TIME-SERIES OF NIGHTTIME LIGHTS ARE THE INPUT FOR A DEEP LEARNING CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK TO DETECT ANOMALIES ASSOCIATED WITH OUTAGES. NEW INSIGHTS INTO THE GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICITY RELIABILITY ARE THEN COMBINED WITH SPATIALIZED FORECASTS OF ELECTRICITY DEMAND TO 2050 TO ASSESS HOW ELECTRICITY SUPPLY AND ASSOCIATED EMISSIONS WILL NEED TO GROW IN THE FUTURE TO MEET UNIVERSAL ELECTRICITY ACCESS TARGETS. THE SPATIOTEMPORAL EVOLUTION OF ELECTRICITY DEMAND AND THE ASSOCIATED ELECTRICITY SUPPLY IS A PRE-REQUISITE FOR LINKING TO PROXIMAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE AND TO DISTAL CHANGE PROPAGATED THROUGH GRID NETWORKS. IN ADDITION THE EMISSIONS SCENARIOS ASSOCIATED WITH ELECTRICITY SUPPLY GROWTH WILL BE OF INTEREST TO IAM AND CARBON CYCLE SCIENTISTS SINCE CURRENT MODELS POORLY ACCOUNT FOR GAPS IN ELECTRICITY RELIABILITY.

NEARLY ALL OUR KNOWLEDGE OF VENUS' SURFACE COMES FROM ITS INTERACTIONS WITH ELECTROMAGNETIC (EM) RADIATION OF RADAR AND VISIBLE-TO- INFRARED WAVELENGTHS. BASALTIC LAVA ROCK COVERS MOST OF THE SURFACE OF VENUS AS SHOWN BY ITS LANDFORMS AND IN SITU CHEMICAL ANALYSES AND THE RESPONSES BASALTIC ROCK TO EM RADIATION DEPENDS CRITICALLY ON THE MINERALS (CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS) PRESENT (NOT ONLY THE BULK COMPOSITION). HOWEVER THE MINERALS ON VENUS' BASALTS WHICH INTERACT WITH EM RADIATION REFLECT CHEMICAL REACTIONS (I.E. WEATHERING) WITH VENUS' HOT CAUSTIC ATMOSPHERE. THUS TO INTERPRET EM DATA FROM VENUS ACCURATELY EVEN OLD DATA IT IS CRUCIAL TO KNOW WHICH MINERALS ARE PRODUCED AS VENUS BASALTS WEATHER AND HOW RAPIDLY THEY FORM. IN THIS PROGRAM WE WILL DETERMINE THE PROCESSES PRODUCTS AND RATES OF BASALT WEATHERING ON VENUS THROUGH LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS. WE WILL REACT BASALTIC GLASSES WITH MODEL VENUS ATMOSPHERES AT RELEVANT TEMPERATURES AND PRESSURES. WE WILL ANALYZE THE WEATHERED BASALTS WITH NANO- AND MICRO-SCALE METHODS (INCLUDING VNIR REFLECTANCES) BECAUSE WE EXPECT LIMITED REACTION PROGRESS ON THE TIMESCALES OF OUR EXPERIMENTS. TO EXTRAPOLATE OUR LAB RESULTS TO REALISTIC TIME- AND LENGTH-SCALES WE WILL APPLY TESTED CHEMICAL-KINETIC AND PHYSICAL MODELS. TO ASSURE SUCCESS OUR RESEARCH TEAM INCLUDES EXPERTS IN VENUS WEATHERING BASALT GEOCHEMISTRY EXPERIMENTAL PETROLOGY CHEMICAL DIFFUSION IN GLASSES AND ALL ANALYTICAL METHODS TO BE USED.

ONE OF THE PRIMARY GOALS OF CLIMATE MITIGATION POLICY IS TO MODEL AND UNDERSTAND THE RESPONSE OF TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS TO CHANGING ENVIRONMENTAL CON

EO14042 MODELING AND ANALYZING LOW RADIO FREQUENCY OBSERVATIONS FROM THE LUNAR SURFACE IN PURSUIT OF THE DARK AGES

VIRTUAL TRIPS TO EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS

FORM NRESS300 VERSION 3.0 APR 09 PI NAME ORESTE REALE ORGANIZATION NAME UNIVERSITIES SPACE RESEARCH ASSOCIATION COLUMBIA NASA PROPOSAL NUMBER 17TASNPP170045 PROPOSAL TITLE USING AIRS AND CRIS DATA TO UNDERSTAND PROCESSES AFFECTING TROPICAL CYCLONE STRUCTURE IN A GLOBAL DATA ASSIMILATION AND FORECASTING FRAMEWORK. SECTION VII PROJECT SUMMARY A THREE-YEAR SUCCESSOR PROPOSAL PREVIOUS AWARD NNX14AK19G IS PRESENTED. THE UNDERLYING MOTIVATION IS TO IMPROVE THE ASSIMILATION OF AIRS AND CRIS RADIANCES IN A GLOBAL DATA ASSIMILATION AND FORECAST SYSTEM THE NASA GEOS5 AND ITS SUCCESSORS. THE FINAL GOAL IS A COMPREHENSIVE METHODOLOGY TO ADAPTIVELY ASSIMILATE CLOUD-CLEARED RADIANCES FROM ALL HYPERSPECTRAL SENSORS IMPROVING OUR UNDERSTANDING OF TROPICAL CYCLONE TC PROCESSES AND OUR PREDICTIVE ABILITY. PAST PUBLISHED WORK AUTHORED BY THIS TEAM HAS DEMONSTRATED THE USEFULNESS OF ASSIMILATING CLOUDCLEARED AIRSDERIVED INFORMATION. MORE RECENT WORK UNDER THE CURRENTLY FUNDED EFFORT HAS SHOWN THAT AIRS DATA MAY NEGATIVELY INTERACT WITH EACH OTHER AND WITH OTHER HYPERSPECTRAL SENSORS BECAUSE OF SUBOPTIMAL SAMPLING AND CORRELATED ERRORS IN DATA ASSIMILATION DA ERRORS ARE ASSUMED TO BE UNCORRELATED. THE CURRENT APPROACH IN DA AIMED AT REDUCING BOTH COMPUTATIONAL COSTS AND THE EFFECTS OF ERROR CORRELATION RESORTS TO A DATA SUBSAMPLING ON REGULAR GRIDS CALLED THINNING THE SAMPLING RESULTING FROM THIS APPROACH IS SUBOPTIMAL BECAUSE IMPACTS FROM DIFFERENT DATA ARE DEPENDENT UPON THE METEOROLOGY. IT IS WELL UNDERSTOOD THAT MODEST IMPROVEMENTS IN FORECAST SKILL CAN BE ACHIEVED BY THE ADDITION OF OBSERVATIONS IN REGIONS WHERE THE OBSERVATIONAL NETWORK IS ALREADY DENSE INITIAL CONDITIONS ARE ACCURATELY KNOWN OR WHERE ERROR GROWTH IS SMALL. CONSEQUENTLY ADAPTIVE STRATEGIES BASED ON INGESTING MORE OBSERVATIONS IN AREAS WHERE OBSERVATIONAL ERRORS ARE LARGE OR WHERE FORECAST ERRORS GROW MOST RAPIDLY HAVE BEEN PROPOSED.UNFORTUNATELY STRATEGIES OF ADAPTIVE THINNING WHICH TAKE INTO ACCOUNT CORRELATION ERRORS IN DIFFERENT REGIONS ARE EXCEPTIONALLY COMPLEX AND HARD TO IMPLEMENT. THIS TEAM HAS BEEN DEVELOPING A SIMPLE TC-CENTERED ADAPTIVE THINNING STRATEGY FOR BOTH AIRS AND CRIS CLEAR-SKY RADIANCES DEMONSTRATING THAT INCREASED DATA COVERAGE AROUND TCS AND DECREASED DATA COVERAGE ELSEWHERE CAN IMPROVE BOTH GLOBAL FORECAST SKILL AND TC REPRESENTATION. MOREOVER THIS TEAM HAS WORKED EXTENSIVELY ON THE ASSIMILATION OF AIRS CLOUD-CLEARED RADIANCES DEMONSTRATING THAT THEY ARE A SUBSTANTIALLY SUPERIOR PRODUCT COMPARED TO CLEARSKY RADIANCES AS LONG AS THEY ARE MORE AGGRESSIVELY THINNED GLOBALLY. THE MAIN GOAL OF THIS PROPOSAL IS TO PROVIDE A ROUTE TOWARDS THE OPERATIONAL USE OF AIRS AND CRIS CLOUDCLEARED RADIANCES TO IMPROVE THE GLOBAL ANALYSES AND FORECASTS WITH FOCUS ON TCS. IN PARTICULAR THE METHODOLOGY WILL CONSIST OF AN EXTENSIVE SUITE OF OBSERVING SYSTEM EXPERIMENTS OSES ASSIMILATING AIRS AND CRIS RADIANCES IN THE NASA GEOS5 AND ITS SUCCESSORS IN A VARIETY OF THINNING CONFIGURATIONS. IN ADDITION THE GMAO EXPERTISE IN APPLYING THE ADJOINT OF THE FORECAST AND ANALYSIS SYSTEM TO ASSESS OBSERVATION IMPACT WILL BENEFIT THE RESEARCH. WITH THIS TOOL THE AMOUNT BY WHICH EACH INDIVIDUAL OBSERVATION REDUCES OR INCREASES A DEFINED MEASURE OF FORECAST ERROR OVER A GIVEN AREA IS CALCULATED. THIS WILL PROVIDE AN ESTIMATE OF THE FRACTIONAL CONTRIBUTIONS OF DIFFERENT SENSORS IN THE SAME THINNING CONFIGURATIONS. THE COMBINATION OF OSES AND ADJOINT MODELS TO ESTIMATE OBSERVATIONAL IMPACTS AND GUIDE EXPERIMENT DESIGN HAS BEEN DEMONSTRATED TO BE PARTICULARLY EFFECTIVE AND WILL ALLOW THE DESIGN OF A COMPREHENSIVE THINNING STRATEGY FOR ALL HYPERSPECTRAL SENSORS INCLUDING IASIFOCUSING ON CLOUDCLEARED RADIANCES. THIS PROPOSAL WILL ALSO BENEFIT THROUGH INTERACTION AND FEEDBACK WITH THE SCIENCE AND DATA PRODUCTION TEAMS THE OVERALL VALIDATION OF AIRS AND CRIS PRODUCTS. THIS PROPOSAL ADDRESSES THE SCIENCE DATA ANALYSIS ELEMENT OF THE A.37 THE SCIENCE OF TERRA AQUA AND SUOMI NPP CALL AN

WE PROPOSE TO DEVELOP EVALUATE AND EMPLOY VALUE-ADDED NASA BLACK MARBLE PRODUCTS TO TRACK PREVIOUS ONGOING AND FUTURE GLOBAL IMPACTS OF THE CORONAVIRUS DISEASE-2019 (COVID-19).

THE NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ASSOCIATION (NASA) SUPPORTS THE PRESIDENT AND THE NATIONAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COUNCIL COMMITTEE ON STEM EDUCAT

THIS IS A CONTINUATION OF A PREVIOUSLY FUNDED PROPOSAL TO STUDY THE IMPACT OF ASSIMILATING AIRS-DERIVED PRODUCTS IN THE GEOS-5 DATA ASSIMILATION AND

2784-1702 UNIVERSITIES SPACE RESEARCH ASSOCIATION EXPLORATORY TOPIC D PRE-TRAILS FOA-0002784 PROJECT TITLE: PHYSICS & MACHINE LEARNING BASED AVIATION CONTRAILS PREDICTION AND OBSERVATION SYSTEM THE PURPOSE OF THIS AWARD IS TO DEVELOP AN AVIATION CONTRAIL PREDICTION AND OBSERVATION SYSTEM THAT UTILIZES A PORTFOLIO OF SATELLITE DATA AND AN ENSEMBLE OF PHYSICS AND MACHINE LEARNING MODELS, AND THAT IS WELL POSITIONED ON A PATHWAY FOR REAL-TIME USE BY AIRLINES TO MITIGATE THE CLIMATE EFFECTS OF CONTRAILS.

JOHANN SCHUMANN/UNIVERSITIES SPACE RESEARCH ASSOCIATION ISWHM: TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES FOR SOFTWARE AND SYSTEM HEALTH MANAGEMENT MODERN AIRCRAFT HEAVIL

THIS PROPOSAL IS FOCUSED ON THE USE OF AIRS-DERIVED PRODUCTS AS A TOOL TO BETTER UNDERSTAND PROCESSES AFFECTING INTENSITY FORECAST, PARTICULARLY THOS

SATURN S RECENT CRATER FLUX AS CONSTRAINED BY CASSINI VIMS BACKGROUND: THE CRATERING FLUX FOR THE INNER SOLAR SYSTEM IS PARTIALLY CONSTRAINED BY GEOCHRONOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS OF RETURNED LUNAR SAMPLES AND MARTIAN METEORITES COMBINED WITH CRATERING STUDIES; HOWEVER THE FLUX FOR THE OUTER SOLAR SYSTEM DOES NOT HAVE SUCH CONSTRAINTS. AT PRESENT THE PRIMARY METHOD OF UNDERSTANDING THE CRATERING HISTORY OF THE OUTER SOLAR SYSTEM IS VIA DYNAMICAL SIMULATIONS AND CRATERING STUDIES. THE ICY NATURE OF THE SATURNIAN MOONS THOUGH PROVIDES AN AS-OF-YET UNEXPLORED MEANS TO DATE YOUNG CRATERS. AN IMPACT ONTO AN ICY MOON WILL MELT A SHALLOW QUASI-SPHERICAL REGION. CRYSTALLINE ICE FORMS FROM THE FLASH HEATING OF SURFACE ICE AND SUBSEQUENT COOLING OF THE EXPOSED MELT. OVER TIME BOMBARDMENT BY IONS DISRUPTS THE CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE PRODUCING AMORPHOUS ICE AT A KNOWN RATE ALLOWING FOR AN ESTIMATE OF FORMATION AGE. HERE WE PROPOSE TO USE VISIBLE AND INFRARED MAPPING SPECTROMETER (VIMS) DATA TO STUDY THE DISTRIBUTION OF ICE PHASES WITHIN AND SURROUNDING YOUNG CRATERS ON MIMAS TETHYS DIONE AND RHEA ALONG WITH CRATER COUNTS ON THESE CRATERS' FLOORS IN ORDER TO ESTIMATE THE RECENT CRATER FLUX EXPERIENCED BY THESE MOONS. SCIENCE GOALS AND OBJECTIVES: THE SCIENCE QUESTIONS WE PROPOSE ARE MOTIVATED BY RECENT SPACECRAFT DATA ANALYSIS AND ADVANCEMENTS IN SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF ICE. WE SEEK TO ANSWER: 1) WHAT IS THE DISTRIBUTION OF ICE PHASES WITHIN AND SURROUNDING YOUNG CRATERS ON MIMAS TETHYS DIONE AND RHEA? 2) WHAT IS THE PREDICTED FORMATION AGE FOR THE STUDIED CRATERS USING THE KNOWN TRANSITION TIME BETWEEN CRYSTALLINE AND AMORPHOUS ICE? 3) WHAT IS THE DEGRADATION STATE OF THE OBSERVED CRATERS AND DOES THIS SUPPORT THE INFERRED AGE FROM OUR VIMS STUDY? 4) HOW HAS THE CRATER FLUX CHANGED OVER THE PAST FEW GA AND DOES IT VARY BETWEEN THE STUDIED MOONS? 5) HOW RECENTLY WERE THE GEOLOGICALLY YOUNG TERRAINS OF THE MID-SIZED MOONS OF SATURN FORMED? SUMMARY OF METHODOLOGY: WE WILL USE THE 2 M SPECTRAL BAND ASYMMETRY TO DETERMINE THE FRACTION OF CRYSTALLINE TO AMORPHOUS ICE ON THE SURFACE. THE MAIN ADVANTAGE OF APPLYING THE 2 M TECHNIQUE DEVELOPED BY CO-I DALLE ORE IS THAT IT IS INDEPENDENT OF THE SPECTRUM RESOLUTION AND IS STABLE EVEN IN THE CASE OF FAIRLY NOISY DATA. WE WILL USE TOPOGRAPHIC DATA OF THE MID-SIZED MOONS TO DETERMINE THE SLOPE OF THE CRATER WALLS FOR EACH STUDIED CRATER AND USE CASSINI IMAGING SCIENCE SUBSYSTEM (ISS) GEOLOGIC CONTEXT IMAGERY TO INFER STRATIGRAPHIC RELATIONSHIPS. THIS WILL ALLOW US TO ESTIMATE THE DEGRADATION STATE OF EACH CRATER WHICH WILL BE COMPARED WITH THE VIMS INFERRED CRATER AGE. ISS IMAGERY WILL ALSO BE USED TO CONDUCT CRATER STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE FLOORS OF EVERY STUDIED CRATER IN ORDER TO QUANTIFY THE CRATER DENSITY ACCUMULATED AFTER FORMATION. VIA OUR FULLY THREE-DIMENSIONAL MONTE CARLO CRATERING MODEL WE WILL RELATE CRATER DENSITIES TO BOMBARDMENT MASSES. FINALLY GIVEN OUR DERIVED FORMATION AGES AND THE MEASURED CUMULATIVE BOMBARDMENT MASS EXPERIENCED WE WILL DEVELOP A CRATER FLUX FOR SATURN S MID-SIZED MOONS WHICH CAN INFORM DYNAMICAL MODELS OF THE OUTER SOLAR SYSTEM CRATERING HISTORY. RELEVANCE TO CDAP OBJECTIVES: THE PROPOSED WORK WOULD ENHANCE THE SCIENTIFIC RETURN OF THE CASSINI MISSION BY PRODUCING MAPS OF ICE PHASES WITHIN AND SURROUNDING CRATERS ON THE SATURNIAN MOONS USING CASSINI VIMS DATA. THE PROPOSED WORK WOULD MAKE USE OF PRODUCED HIGHER ORDER DATA PRODUCTS RESULTING FROM CASSINI ISS IN ORDER TO STUDY THE CRATERING HISTORY OF SATURN S MOONS. THE PROPOSED TASKS INCORPORATE BOTH DATA ANALYSIS AND NONDATA-ANALYSIS TASKS THAT ARE NECESSARY TO ANALYZE AND INTERPRET THE PROPOSED ANALYSIS. BY COMBINING SPECTROSCOPIC DATA THE OBSERVED CRATERING OF THE MID-SIZED MOONS ALONG WITH THEORY AND MODELING THE PROPOSED WORK WOULD HELP UNRAVEL THE RECENT CRATER FLUX OF THE SATURN SYSTEM AND SHED LIGHT ON THE DYNAMICAL HISTORY OF THE OUTER SOLAR SYSTEM.

THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS WORK IS TO CREATE A GLOBALLY CONSISTENT DATASET OF LIGHTNING BY 1) LINKING THE GOES-R GEOSTATIONARY LIGHTNING MAPPER (GLM) RESEARCH AND USER COMMUNITIES WITH THE CORRESPONDING MTG LIGHTNING IMAGER (LI) COMMUNITIES 2) REFINING THE DETECTION EFFICIENCY AND FALSE ALARM RATES OF EACH GEOSTATIONARY INSTRUMENT 3) USING THE OVERLAPPING FIELD OF VIEW (FOV) REGION TO DETERMINE PARALLAX CORRECTIONS FOR THE EXTREME EDGE OF EACH INSTRUMENT S FOV 4) DETERMINING THE GLM AND LI ABSOLUTE AMPLITUDE CALIBRATIONS 5) LEVERAGING THE KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCE OF THE PI WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GLM ALGORITHMS CAL/VAL AND USER READINESS ACTIVITIES TO ENHANCE THE SAME ACTIVITIES OF THE LI COMMUNITY 6) SUGGESTING CHANGES TO BOTH SYSTEM ALGORITHMS TO IMPROVE BOTH DETECTION EFFICIENCY AND FALSE ALARM RATES ALONG WITH IMPROVEMENTS TO THE VARIOUS PARALLAX ALGORITHMS AND 7) SUGGESTING IMPROVEMENTS FOR THE NEXT GENERATION OF GEOSTATIONARY LIGHTNING DETECTOR HARDWARE AND FIRMWARE. THIS PROJECT WILL PROVIDE A MEANINGFUL CONTRIBUTION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE LI AND GLM DATA PRODUCTS INCLUDING ALGORITHM DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING AND CALIBRATION/VALIDATION. THE PRIMARY BENEFIT OF THIS PROJECT WILL BE THE CREATION OF A CONSISTENT NEARLY GLOBAL LIGHTNING DATASET. FURTHER BENEFITS TO THE U.S. EARTH SCIENCE COMMUNITY WILL BE EASIER ACCESS TO THE GROUND AND LEO BASED LIGHTNING DATASETS FROM THE EUROPEAN EARTH SCIENCE COMMUNITY. THIS PROJECT WILL ALSO LEAD TO IMPROVED ALGORITHMS FOR GLM TO PROVIDE A BETTER LIGHTNING DATASET FOR THE U.S. EARTH SCIENCE COMMUNITY AND SUGGESTIONS FOR BETTER LIGHTNING SYSTEMS FOR THE NEXT GENERATION U.S. SCIENCE COMMUNITY GEOSTATIONARY LIGHTNING SENSORS.

IMPROVING REMOTE SENSED DATA PRODUCTS USING BAYESIAN METHODOLOGY FOR THE ANALYSIS OF COMPUTER MODEL

CLIMATE IN THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE (SH) STRATOSPHERE, TROPOSPHERE, SURFACE, AND SOUTHERN OCEAN HAS UNDERGONE SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN RECENT DECADES. T

WE WILL INVESTIGATE VOLATILES (H, F, CL) IN THE LUNAR HIGHLANDS CRUST VIA CHEMICAL AND ISOTOPIC ANALYSES OF ITS ROCKS' APATITE, THEIR NOMINALLY

STIPEND DISTRIBUTION TO WRIGHT SCHOLAR STUDENTS

THE GOAL OF THIS PROJECT IS TO DEVELOP A DYNAMIC DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM TO ENHANCE THE USGS SPATIALLY REFERENCED REGRESSION ON WATERSHED ATTRIBUTES (SPARROW) WATER QUALITY MODEL FOR THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES THROUGH THE USE OF REMOTELY-SENSED DATA AND OTHER NASA LAND INFORMATION SYSTEM (LIS) PRODUCTS. SPARROW IS WIDELY USED THROUGHOUT THE UNITED STATES FOR LONG TERM STEADY STATE WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS. HOWEVER USERS ARE INCREASINGLY ASKING FOR A DYNAMIC VERSION OF THE MODEL THAT CAN PROVIDE SEASONAL ESTIMATES OF NUTRIENTS AND SUSPENDED SEDIMENT TO RECEIVING WATERS. TIME VARYING SPARROW OUTPUTS WOULD AID WATER MANAGERS IN DECISION MAKING REGARDING ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES IN PROTECTING AQUATIC HABITATS PLANNING FOR HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS AND RESTORATION OF DEGRADED HABITATS STREAM SEGMENTS OR LAKES. THE SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL SCALE OF SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING PRODUCTS AND LIS MODELING DATA MAKE THESE SOURCES IDEAL FOR THE PURPOSES OF DEVELOPMENT AND OPERATION OF THE DYNAMIC SPARROW MODEL. THE PROPOSED PROJECT IS A JOINT EFFORT BETWEEN THE US GEOLOGICAL SURVEY REMOTE SENSING SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS AT THE NATIONAL SPACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CENTER AND MANAGERS AT THE MOBILE BAY NATIONAL ESTUARY PROGRAM THE TAMPA BAY ESTUARY PROGRAM THE SARASOTA BAY ESTUARY PROGRAM AND BOTH THE WEEKS BAY AND NORTH INLET WINYAH BAY NATIONAL ESTUARINE RESEARCH RESERVES (NERRS). REMOTE SENSING PRODUCTS INCLUDING MODIS VEGETATION INDICES SMAP SURFACE SOIL MOISTURE AND OMI ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY ALONG WITH LIS DERIVED ET AND SOIL TEMPERATURE AND MOISTURE PRODUCTS WILL BE INCLUDED IN MODEL DEVELOPMENT AND OPERATION. LANDSAT DATA WILL ALSO BE USED TO MAP LAND COVER/LAND USE IN THE STUDY AREAS AS WELL AS IDENTIFY DISTURBED AREAS THAT MIGHT BE SOURCES OF SEDIMENT AND INCREASED PHOSPHORUS LOADING THROUGH EXPOSURE OF THE BARE SOIL. THESE DATA AND OTHERS CONSTITUTE THE INDEPENDENT VARIABLES IN A REGRESSION ANALYSIS WHOSE DEPENDENT VARIABLES ARE THE WATER QUALITY CONSTITUENTS TOTAL NITROGEN TOTAL PHOSPHORUS AND SUSPENDED SEDIMENT. SPARROW VARIABLES MUST EITHER BE DIRECT OBSERVATIONS OF PROCESSES AFFECTING NUTRIENT OR SEDIMENT GENERATION AND TRANSPORT OR INDIRECT PROXIES OF THESE PROCESSES. REMOTELY-SENSED VARIABLES SUCH AS VEGETATION INDICES AND ET CAN BE PROXIES FOR NUTRIENT UPTAKE BY VEGETATION MODIS LAI CAN INDICATE SOURCES OF PHOSPHORUS FROM VEGETATION SOIL MOISTURE AND TEMPERATURE THAT ARE KNOWN TO CONTROL RATES OF DENITRIFICATION AND BARE SOIL AREAS SERVE AS SOURCES OF ENHANCED NUTRIENT AND SEDIMENT PRODUCTION. THE SPATIAL RELATIONS AND TEMPORAL FREQUENCY OF ALL OF THESE FACTORS AND MORE CAN BE OBTAINED FROM NASA REMOTE SENSING AND LIS PRODUCTS AND CAN PROVIDE ADDED DIMENSIONS TO SPARROW IN TERMS OF THE TIMING OF PROCESSES ON THE LANDSCAPE AND THE RESULTANT NUTRIENT AND SEDIMENT LOADING TO THE RECEIVING WATERS. WATER MANAGERS IN THE SOUTHEASTERN US AND ELSEWHERE CONTINUALLY EXPRESS THEIR STRATEGIC NEEDS FOR THIS INFORMATION.

TEXAS AEROSPACE SCHOLARS

GLOBAL HIGH-RESOLUTION TOPOGRAPHY OF IO TIDAL HEATING OF IO WAS A MAJOR DISCOVERY AND IS ONE OF THE KEYS TO UNDERSTANDING HOW EUROPA S LIQUID WATER O

EUROPA AND GANYMEDE AFTER JUNOCAM CARTOGRAPHIC TOPOGRAPHIC AND CRATER DISTRIBUTION UPDATES AND CHANGE DETECTION

THE LUNAR AND PLANETARY INSTITUTE (LPI) PROPOSES TO PLAN IMPLEMENT AND SUPPORT A THREE-DAY WORKSHOP AND ASSOCIATED PUBLICATION ACTIVITIES FOR THE NASA HEADQUARTERS HELIOPHYSICS DIVISION (HPD).

COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH IN INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR INVESTIGATION OF RESOURCES AND HAZARDS

A GAMMA-RAY BURST POLARIMETER: AN INSTRUMENT FOR THE MIDSTAR-2 MISSION OF OPPORTUNITYTHE GOAL OF THIS PROPOSED WORK IS TO BUILD A GAMMA-RAY BURST (G

SCIENCE GOALS AND OBJECTIVES: THE SCIENCE QUESTIONS WE PROPOSE ARE MOTIVATED BY RECENT SPACECRAFT DATA ANALYSIS AND EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS. WE SEEK TO ANSWER: 1) WHAT IS THE TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF SUBSURFACE LIQUID WATER ENVIRONMENTS ON PRESENT-DAY MARS? 2) WHEN DO SUBSURFACE LIQUID WATER ENVIRONMENTS MEET THE CONDITIONS THAT PERMIT BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY SUCH AS METABOLISM AND REPLICATION? 3) HOW DO SUBSURFACE LIQUID WATER ENVIRONMENTS CHANGE WITH LOCAL-SCALE GEOLOGY SUCH AS TOPOGRAPHIC EFFECTS? 4) HOW MUCH WATER IS AVAILABLE FOR POTENTIAL BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES?

4004: VERIFICATION AND VALIDATION OF AUTONOMY SOFTWARE

SCIENCE AND EDUCATION FACULTY COLLABORATIONS TO IMPROVE EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE TEACHER PREPARATIONA

WALTER KIEFER/LUNAR AND PLANETARY INSTITUTEIMPROVED MODELS OF MAGMA PRODUCTION AND THE THERMAL EVOLUTION OF MARSMARS HAS BEEN VOLCANICALLY ACTIVE

MYMOON: THE PUB PORTAL TO LUNAR SCIENCE EXPLORATION THROUGH NEW MEDIA:\NOUR SCIENTIFIC EXPLOR

COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: USING OBSERVATIONS AND MODELS TO STUDY HOW DUST GRAINS BETWEEN THE STARS ALIGN

AN IMPORTANT SCIENCE GOAL FOR NASA IS TO QUANTIFY THE TERRESTRIAL CARBON CYCLE AND ECOSYSTEM FEEDBACKS WHICH REQUIRES ACCURATEESTIMATE OF PHOTOSYNTH

MAGMATISM IS ONE OF THE FEW GEOLOGIC PROCESSES TO PROVIDE MAJOR CHANGES AND ENERGY INFLUX TO THE MARTIAN SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE PAST THE NOACHIAN. ERUPTION AND DEGASSING OF MAFIC MAGMAS CONTRIBUTE TO THE SURFACE VOLATILE SPECIES AS WELL AS NUTRIENTS AND ENERGY THAT ARE NEEDED FOR BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES. AMONG THE VOLATILE SPECIES SULFUR IS ESPECIALLY IMPORTANT BECAUSE OF ITS SEVERAL REDOX STATES WHICH CAN BE UTILIZED AS AN ENERGY SOURCE BY CHEMOLITHOTROPHIC MICROORGANISMS. ON EARTH FEW MAFIC MAGMAS INTRUDE SULFUR-RICH SEDIMENTARY ROCKS. ON MARS HOWEVER SOILS HAVE BEEN FOUND TO CONTAIN ABUNDANT S-SPECIES AND THERE IS AMPLE EVIDENCE FOR ANCIENT MAGMATISM. THUS INTRUSION OF MAGMAS INTO SULFUR-RICH SOILS AND ROCKS IS TO BE EXPECTED ON MARS. THIS MAY BE PARTICULARLY RELEVANT TO THE PROPOSED LANDING SITES FOR THE NASA MARS 2020 AND FOR THE ESA EXOMARS MISSIONS AT MAWRTH VALLIS AND/OR JEZERO CRATER THAT HAVE A POTENTIAL VOLCANIC CAPPING UNIT DIRECTLY IN CONTACT WITH SULFATE-SEDIMENTS. IN THIS PROPOSAL WE WILL INVESTIGATE AN EARTH ANALOG IN THE SAN RAFAEL SWELL ON THE COLORADO PLATEAU FOR SUCH A SCENARIO OF MAFIC MAGMA INTRUDING GYPSUM-BEARING SEDIMENTS. WE HAVE OBSERVED NUMEROUS DIKES WHICH INTRUDED SULFUR RICH SEDIMENTS AND ARE WELL EXPOSED THROUGHOUT OUR FIELD-SITE. THEREFORE WE PROPOSE TO DO A DETAILED IN-SITU INVESTIGATION OF THE IGNEOUS INTRUSION AND METAMORPHOSED SEDIMENTS USING INSTRUMENTS THAT MIMIC THOSE ON ACTIVE AND FUTURE MISSIONS.

POLYMICT UREILITES ARE BRECCIAS REPRESENTING REGOLITH DEVELOPED ON AND NEAR THE SURFACE OF A UREILITIC ASTEROID. THEY CONSIST MOSTLY OF CLASTS THAT ARE INDISTINGUISHABLE FROM MAIN GROUP UREILITES. HOWEVER THEY ALSO CONTAIN SEVERAL OTHER TYPES OF CLASTS WHICH PROVIDE A WEALTH OF INFORMATION NOT AVAILABLE IN MAIN GROUP UREILITES AND CAN BE USED TO ADDRESS MAJOR UNRESOLVED PROBLEMS IN UREILITE HISTORY. THESE INCLUDE 1) FELDSPATHIC CLASTS THAT MAY REPRESENT CRUSTAL IGNEOUS ROCKS FROM THE UREILITE PARENT BODY; 2) CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITE-LIKE (DARK) CLASTS THAT MAY REPRESENT UREILITE PRECURSOR MATERIALS; AND 3) FOREIGN CLASTS THAT PROVIDE INFORMATION ABOUT THE SOLAR SYSTEM ENVIRONMENT IN WHICH THE UREILITE PARENT BODY EVOLVED. WE WILL STUDY THESE MINOR CLAST POPULATIONS WITH THE FOLLOWING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVE 1: TO DETERMINE THE PETROLOGIC AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ALL INDIGENOUS IGNEOUS LITHOLOGIES IN POLYMICT UREILITES AND DETERMINE THE RELATIONSHIP OF EACH LITHOLOGY TO MAIN GROUP UREILITES IN ORDER TO UNDERSTAND THE IGNEOUS EVOLUTION OF THE UREILITE PARENT BODY. OBJECTIVE 2: TO CHARACTERIZE THE MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY OXYGEN AND CHROMIUM ISOTOPES AND AR-AR AGES OF CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITELIKE CLASTS IN POLYMICT UREILITES IN ORDER TO DETERMINE WHETHER THEY REPRESENT UREILITE PRECURSOR MATERIALS OR ARE FOREIGN. OBJECTIVE 3: TO CHARACTERIZE THE MINERALOGY PETROLOGY AND OXYGEN ISOTOPES OF ALL FOREIGN CLASTS IN POLYMICT UREILITES FOR COMPARISON WITH KNOWN METEORITE TYPES IN ORDER TO PROVIDE INFORMATION ON THE SOLAR SYSTEM ENVIRONMENT(S) IN WHICH THE UREILITE PARENT BODY ACCRETED AND EVOLVED. THE OVERARCHING OBJECTIVE OF THE PROPOSED WORK IS TO TAP THE INFORMATION AVAILABLE IN POLYMICT UREILITES TO ADDRESS MAJOR QUESTIONS ABOUT UREILITE HISTORY. RESULTS WILL PROVIDE NEW INSIGHTS INTO THE CHEMICAL AND ISOTOPIC COMPOSITIONS OF THE EARLIEST SOLAR SYSTEM MATERIALS AND THE DIVERSITY OF DIFFERENTIATION PATHS AMONG SOLAR SYTEM BODIES. THE PROPOSED WORK BUILDS ON EXTENSIVE EXPERIENCE OF THE PI AND COLLABORATORS IN STUDYING PRIMITIVE METEORITES THROUGH NASA-FUNDED RESEARCH PROGRAMS. IT FOCUSES ON MAJOR PROCESSES AFFECTING PLANETESIMALS IN THE FIRST FEW MILLION YEARS OF SOLAR SYSTEM HISTORY AND THEREFORE IS DIRECTLY RELEVANT TO THE GOAL OF THE EMERGING WORLDS PROGRAM TO UNDERSTAND "THE FORMATION AND EARLY EVOLUTION OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM (ROSES 2016 APPENDIX C.2).

THE PLANET VENUS DISPLAYS A PANOPLY OF STRIKING VOLCANO-TECTONIC STRUCTURES INCLUDING BROAD VOLCANIC EDIFICES AND RADIATING FRACTURE SYSTEMS. IN PREVIOUS NASA-SUPPORTED EFFORTS WE HAVE EXPLORED THE MECHANICS OF MAGMA TRANSPORT STORAGE AND EMPLACEMENT ON VENUS IN RELATION TO LITHOSPHERIC STRESS STATES FROM FLEXURAL LOADING. THIS WORK HAS YIELDED FUNDAMENTAL NEW INSIGHTS INTO THE EVOLUTION OF VOLCANIC SYSTEMS SUCH AS THE FIRST SCENARIO FOR PRODUCING VENUS S RADIATING DIKE SYSTEMS FROM REALISTICALLY LOADED MAGMA CHAMBERS. HOWEVER OUR INVESTIGATIONS HAVE FOCUSED EXCLUSIVELY UPON RESERVOIRS LOCATED IN THE SUB-EDIFICE SUBSTRATE (THE LITHOSPHERE) AND HAVE REVEALED A CRITICAL OBSTACLE THAT INHIBITS OUR ABILITY TO UNDERSTAND VOLCANO-TECTONIC FEATURES ON VENUS. ELASTIC MODELS OF LARGE EDIFICES THAT INDUCE SUBSTANTIAL LITHOSPHERIC FLEXURE REQUIRE FIRST-ORDER ASSUMPTIONS CONCERNING THE EDIFICE STRESS STATE THAT IN COMBINATION WITH FLEXURAL LOADING STRESSES INHIBIT TRANSPORT OF MAGMA TO THE SURFACE AND CREATION OF THE TYPES OF CIRCUMFERENTIAL AND RADIAL TECTONIC STRUCTURES SEEN ON VOLCANOES ON VENUS. TO BETTER UNDERSTAND THE EVOLUTION OF STRESSES WITHIN AND BENEATH AN EDIFICE AS IT GROWS WE NEED TO MOVE BEYOND THESE LIMITATIONS. TO THIS END WE PROPOSE AN ADVANCED PROGRAM OF FINITE ELEMENT NUMERICAL MODELING DESIGNED TO EXAMINE THE TIME-DEPENDENT STRESS AND DEFORMATION OF LITHOSPHERE SUBJECTED TO EXTRUSIVE AND INTRUSIVE MODES OF VOLCANIC LOADING. THE PROPOSED WORK COMPRISES TWO TASKS. IN THE FIRST TASK WE WILL CONSTRUCT FINITE ELEMENT MODELS OF VOLCANIC EDIFICES AND THEIR SUPPORTING LITHOSPHERES IN ORDER TO UNDERSTAND HOW THE TIME-DEPENDENT EMPLACEMENT OF PREDETERMINED VOLCANIC UNITS AT THE SURFACE (VIA IN-PROGRESS ADDITIONS TO FINITE ELEMENT MESHES) CONTROLS THE STRESS HISTORY WITHIN AND BENEATH THE EDIFICE. OF NECESSITY THIS PROCESS MUST INCORPORATE STRESS-MITIGATING EFFECTS SUCH AS FAULTING (VIA PLASTICITY) AND TIME-DEPENDENT DUCTILE FLOW (VIA VISCOELASTICITY). WHILE INITIAL MODELS WILL BE DEVELOPED WITHOUT ERUPTIBLE MAGMA RESERVOIRS REFLECTING THE BREVITY OF SUCH FEATURES WITHIN LONG-LIVED VOLCANIC SYSTEMS THE MECHANICAL AND THERMAL EFFECTS OF INTRUSIVE BODIES WILL BE INCORPORATED LATER VIA APPROPRIATE ADJUSTMENTS OF MODEL DOMAINS AND BOUNDARY CONDITIONS AT SPECIFIC TIME STEPS SIMULATING TRANSITION FROM A STABLE THERMAL MUSH TO AN ERUPTIBLE MOSTLY LIQUID MAGMA. IN THE SECOND TASK WE WILL EVALUATE THE STRESS STATES GENERATED IN THE FIRST TASK AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR MAGMA STORAGE (CHAMBERS) ASCENT INTRUSION (SILLS AND DIKES) AND EXTRUSION (E.G. EDIFICE CONSTRUCTION) AND THERMAL STATE. STRESS FIELDS FROM TASK 1 AND MAGMA PROPERTIES (DENSITY VISCOSITY) WILL BE INPUTS TO EQUATIONS FOR MAGMA MOVEMENT VELOCITY IN DIKES AND SILLS IN ORDER TO DETERMINE MAGMA MOVEMENT PATHS WITHIN THE LITHOSPHERE AND THESE MAGMA PATHWAYS WILL IN TURN DICTATE WHERE (IF) MATERIAL ERUPTS AND HENCE THE SURFACE LOADING THAT OCCURS WHICH FEEDS BACK INTO THE STRESS STATE CONTROLLING SUBSEQUENT ERUPTIONS. IN THIS WAY WE WILL LET THE MAGMA DECIDE HOW GROWTH OF THE EDIFICE AND THEREBY THE STRESS HISTORY EVOLVES. WE WILL INTERPRET SPECIFIC MODELS FROM TASK 1 IN TERMS OF SUSTAINABILITY OF MAGMA PATHWAYS AND CHANGES IN INTRUSION GEOMETRY OR EDIFICE SHAPE. BY COMPARING THE RESULTS TO EXISTING VENUSIAN VOLCANO-TECTONIC FEATURES E.G. CONICAL AND FLAT-TOPPED VOLCANOES VARIOUS CORONAE WE CAN CONSTRAIN THE EFFECTS OF PARAMETERS SUCH AS LITHOSPHERE THICKNESS MAGMA SUPPLY RATE AND MAGMA SOURCE DIMENSIONS ON THE ERUPTIVE INTRUSIVE AND THERMAL HISTORIES OF THE RESULTING SYSTEMS WITH IMPLICATIONS FOR THE GEOLOGICAL AND GEOPHYSICAL HISTORY OF THE HOST REGIONS OF VENUS. THE PROPOSED WORK IS RELEVANT TO SSW PROGRAM GOALS OF UNDERSTANDING PHENOMENA AFFECTING THE SURFACES AND INTERIORS OF PLANETS SPECIFICALLY ADDRESSING CALLED-OUT RESEARCH AREAS IN INTERIOR STRUCTURE LITHOSPHERES VOLCANISM AND EVOLUTION AND MODIFICATION OF SURFACES.

COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH IN INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR INVESTIGATIONS OF EARTHQUAKES

GROWTH AND EVOLUTION OF LARGE VOLCANOES ON VENUS: INSIGHTS FROM ADVANCED NUMERICAL MODELING OF LITHOSPHERIC RESPONSE TOVOLCANIC LOADING.PG&G 201

IN CONTRAST TO RAPID ARCTIC SEA ICE LOSS ANTARCTIC SEA ICE EXTENT (SIE) HAS SHOWN A SMALL BUT STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT INCREASE SINCE THE LATE 1970S. THE EXPANSION OF ANTARCTIC SIE IN A WARMING CLIMATE HAS PUZZLED THE SCIENCE COMMUNITY. SIMULATION OF THE OBSERVED ANTARCTIC SEA ICE CHANGE REMAINS A MAJOR CLIMATE MODEL DEFICIENCY. WE PROPOSE TO ADVANCE THE UNDERSTANDING OF ANTARCTIC SEA ICE CHANGE AND TO IMPROVE THE REPRESENTATION OF ANTARCTIC SEA ICE IN THE NASA GODDARD EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEM MODEL VERSION 5 (GEOS-5) USING COUPLED REPLAY SIMULATIONS AND OBSERVATIONS THE MAJOR DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE PROPOSED WORK AND PREVIOUS MODELING STUDIES IS THAT WE WILL USE THE GEOS-5 REPLAY CAPABILITY. BY CONSTRAIN THE ATMOSPHERE TO NASA MODERN-ERA RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS FOR RESEARCH AND APPLICATION VERSION 2 (MERRA-2) THE COUPLED REPLAY SIMULATIONS WILL ENABLE US TO SEPARATE THE INFLUENCES OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC PROCESSES ON ANTARCTIC SEA ICE MULTIDECADAL VARIABILITY. WE WILL QUANTIFY THE IMPACT OF BIASES IN ATMOSPHERIC SURFACE FORCING ON ANTARCTIC SEA ICE TRENDS IN GEOS-5 BY COMPARING FREE-RUNNING AND REPLAY SIMULATIONS. WE WILL ISOLATE THE EFFECTS OF OCEAN EDDY REPRESENTATION AND SURFACE FRESHWATER FORCING ON ANTARCTIC SEA ICE CHANGE AND TO QUANTIFY THE ATMOSPHERIC MODULATION ON THESE EFFECTS. WE WILL QUANTIFY AND IDENTIFY THE MECHANISMS THAT CONTROL MODEL S INTERNAL MULTIDECADAL VARIABILITY OF ANTARCTIC SEA ICE. WE WILL CONDUCT SENSITIVITY SIMULATIONS TO IDENTIFY THE FEEDBACK OF ANTARCTIC SEA ICE CHANGE ON THE ATMOSPHERE. THE PROPOSED WORK WILL REDUCE UNCERTAINTIES IN ANTARCTIC SEA ICE SIMULATION AND GUIDE THE IMPROVEMENTS OF SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE ATMOSPHERE AND SOUTHERN OCEAN PROCESSES IN GEOS-5 AND THUS DIRECTLY RELATED TO THE MAP PROGRAMMATIC PRIORITY. OUR RESEARCH WILL ADDRESS THE MAP RESEARCH THEME OF COUPLING IN THE EARTH SYSTEM BY IMPROVING THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE COUPLINGS BETWEEN ANTARCTIC ATMOSPHERE SOUTHERN OCEAN AND SEA ICE.

ROBUST CLOUD PRODUCTS ARE CRITICAL FOR DSCOVR TO MAKE A SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTION TO CLIMATE STUDIES. BUILDING ON OUR TEAM S TRACKRECORD IN CLOUD DETE

THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS PROJECT IS TO UNDERSTAND THE CAUSAL RELATIONSHIPS OF HOW ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS MOSTLY CHARACTERIZED BY VEGETATION CHANGES IN DIFFERENT GEOGRAPHICAL AREAS WITH DISTINCT ECO-CLIMATIC VARIABILITY ARE AFFECTED BY REGULATING CLIMATIC FACTORS AND OTHER ANTHROPOGENIC DISTURBANCES AND EXTREME EVENTS. ALTHOUGH THIS IS A WELL-STUDIED PROBLEM THE STATE-OF-THE-ART IN THIS AREA HAS SIGNIFICANT ROOM FOR IMPROVEMENT. FOR EXAMPLE CLIMATE VARIABLES SUCH AS PRECIPITATION SOLAR RADIATION AND TEMPERATURE HAVE TRADITIONALLY BEEN STUDIED AS LIMITING FACTORS AFFECTING PLANT VEGETATION GROWTH. HOWEVER A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF UNKNOWN OR UNEXPECTED DRIVING FORCES ON VEGETATION ANOMALIES IS STILL MISSING IN THE CONTEXT OF ABRUPT CLIMATE CHANGE (E.G. PERSISTENT DROUGHT HEAT WAVES) AND HUMAN-INDUCED LOCAL EVENTS (E.G. FOREST FIRE IRRIGATION). SIMILARLY MOST PRIOR STUDIES HAVE BASED THEIR ANALYSES ON ASSUMPTIONS OF LINEARITY AND CERTAIN TYPES OF NONLINEARITY IN THE DEPENDENCY RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN OBSERVED MODELED CLIMATE VARIABLES AND SATELLITE-DERIVED VEGETATION INDICES. WE HYPOTHESIZE THAT SUCH ASSUMPTIONS MAY NOT HOLD TRUE IN PRACTICE WHEN SCALED OVER LARGE REGIONS THEREBY RENDERING THE NON-GENERALIZED MODELS AND THE UNDERSTANDING OF ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS POTENTIALLY MISCONSTRUED. IN THIS STUDY WE PROPOSE TO USE A REGRESSION TECHNIQUE CALLED SYMBOLIC REGRESSION FOR LEARNING THESE COMPLEX TIME SPACE RELATIONSHIPS AND THEIR EVOLUTION OVER TIME. THIS GENETIC PROGRAMMING BASED LEARNING TECHNIQUE HAS DEMONSTRATED THE POTENTIAL OF DISCOVERING NEW DEPENDENCY STRUCTURES AMONG VARIABLES THAT WERE PREVIOUSLY UNKNOWN. USING SYMBOLIC REGRESSION WE NOT ONLY EXPECT TO UNCOVER NEW RELATIONSHIPS AMONG WELL-STUDIED CLIMATE VARIABLES BUT ALSO IDENTIFY LATENT FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR VEGETATION ANOMALIES. WE WILL USE NASAS HIGH-END COMPUTING AND DATA INFRASTRUCTURE AT THE NASA EARTH EXCHANGE FACILITY IN ORDER TO SCALE THIS EVOLUTIONARY OPTIMIZATION BASED REGRESSION TECHNIQUE TO BUILD GLOBAL PREDICTION FRAMEWORKS USING HIERARCHICAL AND ENSEMBLE APPROACHES. THE BENEFITS OF THIS WORK WILL BE IN IMPROVING THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS AND GENERALIZING THOSE UNDERSTANDINGS FROM REGIONAL TO GLOBAL SCALES. THE WORK WILL LEVERAGE THE RESULTS OF PREVIOUS NASA-FUNDED EFFORTS BOTH IN TERMS OF DATA SETS AND COMPUTING INFRASTRUCTURE. THE WORK WILL AIM TO ANSWER THREE SCIENCE QUESTIONS STARTING AT THE LOCAL LEVEL AND THEN MOVING TO A GLOBAL SCALE. THEY ARE: 1) WHAT IS THE MAGNITUDE AND EXTENT OF ECOSYSTEM EXPOSURE SENSITIVITY AND RESILIENCE TO THE 2005 AND 2010 AMAZON DROUGHTS 2) WHAT ARE THE HUMAN-INDUCED AND OTHER ATTRIBUTION FACTORS THAT CAUSE VEGETATION ANOMALIES IN CERTAIN GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS THAT CANNOT BE OTHERWISE EXPLAINED BY THE NATURAL CLIMATE VARIABILITY AND 3) HOW DOES THE LEARNED DEPENDENCY OF VEGETATION ON THE CLIMATE VARIABLES AND OTHER EXOGENOUS FACTORS VARY ACROSS DIFFERENT ECO-CLIMATIC ZONES AND GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS ON A GLOBAL SCALE? THIS PROJECT WILL DEVELOP ALGORITHMS THAT WILL ANSWER THE THREE QUESTIONS LISTED ABOVE WITH THE HELP OF THE DOMAIN SCIENTISTS VALIDATION. THIS MODELING EXERCISE BASED ON SYMBOLIC REGRESSION IS THE FIRST OF ITS KIND FOR EARTH SCIENCE APPLICATIONS.THEREFORE ENTRY TRL OF THE PROJECT IS 2. ON SUCCESSFUL COMPLETION OF MILESTONES THE EXIT LEVEL TRL IS EXPECTED TO BE 4 WHERE THE CAPABILITIES HAVE BEEN VALIDATED AT A GLOBAL SCALE. THE INTERDISCIPLINARY TEAM INCLUDES EXPERTISE IN LARGE-SCALE DATA MINING SYMBOLIC REGRESSION EVOLUTIONARY OPTIMIZATION AND EARTH SCIENCE TO MEET THE TECHNICAL CHALLENGES OF THIS PROJECT.

THERMODYNAMIC EFFECTS FOR QUANTUM APPROXIMATE OPTIMIZATION

22-PSEF22_2-0006 PSEF: SUPPORT OF THE GSECARS SYNCHROTRON FACILITY FOR PLANETARY SCIENCE RESEARCH

UNIVERSITIES SPACE RESEARCH ASSOCIATION ACID FOG ON MARS II: EXPERIMENTAL AND ANALYTICAL STUDIES OF HALOGENS IN MARTIAN BASALTS AND THEIR FLUID VOLAT

A FINE-SCALE GLOBAL FOSSIL FUEL AND BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS USING SUOMI-NPP VIIRS SATELLITE DATA (USRA) WE PROPOSE TO DEVELOP FINE-SCALE GLOBAL EMI

HYDROTHERMAL AND PERIGLACIAL PROCESSES FOLLOWING LARGE IMPACT EVENTS MAY BE OF FUNDAMENTAL IMPORTANCE IN THE CREATION OF ENVIRONMENTS CONDUCIVE TO ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. DAWN SPACECRAFT OBSERVATIONS OF VOLATILE-RICH IMPACT MELT HYDROTHERMAL CARBONATE

ELECTRON MICORSCOPY SPECTROSCOPY AND CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF AIRCRAFT ENGINE PARTICULATE (SOLID AND V

21-VENSAR-21-0017 ENVISION VENSAR OBSERVATIONS OF TECTONIC AND VOLCANIC PROCESSES ON VENUS

THE ROSES FUNDING OPPORTUNITY GOALS ARE: EXECUTE A BALANCED SCIENCE PROGRAM BASED ON DISCIPLINE-SPECIFIC GUIDANCE FROM THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES OF SCIENCES ENGINEERING AND MEDICINE ADMINISTRATION PRIORITIES AND DIRECTION FROM CONGRESS. PARTICIPATE AS A KEY PARTNER AND ENABLER IN THE AGENCY S EXPLORATION INITIATIVE FOCUSING ON SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH OF ON AND FROM THE MOON LUNAR ORBIT MARS AND BEYOND. ADVANCE DISCOVERY IN EMERGING FIELDS BY IDENTIFYING AND EXPLOITING CROSS-DISCIPLINARY OPPORTUNITIES BETWEEN TRADITIONAL SCIENCE DISCIPLINES DEVELOP A DIRECTORATE-WIDE TARGET-USER FOCUSED APPROACH TO APPLIED PROGRAMS INCLUDING EARTH SCIENCE APPLICATIONS SPACE WEATHER PLANETARY DEFENSE AND SPACE SITUATIONAL AWARENESS.

NEUROLOGICAL CARDIAC AND MUSCULAR CONSEQUENCES OF THE DEEP SPACE ENVIRONMENT IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

EXECUTE A BALANCED SCIENCE PROGRAM BASED ON DISCIPLINE-SPECIFIC GUIDANCE FROM THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES OF SCIENCES ENGINEERING AND MEDICINE ADMINISTRATION PRIORITIES AND DIRECTION FROM CONGRESS. PARTICIPATE AS A KEY PARTNER AND ENABLER IN THE AGENCY S EXPLORATION INITIATIVE FOCUSING ON SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH OF ON AND FROM THE MOON LUNAR ORBIT MARS AND BEYOND. ADVANCE DISCOVERY IN EMERGING FIELDS BY IDENTIFYING AND EXPLOITING CROSS-DISCIPLINARY OPPORTUNITIES BETWEEN TRADITIONAL SCIENCE DISCIPLINES DEVELOP A DIRECTORATE-WIDE TARGET-USER FOCUSED APPROACH TO APPLIED PROGRAMS INCLUDING EARTH SCIENCE APPLICATIONS SPACE WEATHER PLANETARY DEFENSE AND SPACE SITUATIONAL AWARENESS.

MECHANICAL CONTROLS ON MAGMA ASCENT, STORAGE, AND ERUPTION AT LARGE VOLCANIC EDIFICES ON VENUS WE ARE PLEASED TO REPORT SEVERAL BREAKTHROUGHS FROM O

THE NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ASSOCIATION (NASA) SUPPORTS THE PRESIDENT AND THE NATIONAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COUNCIL COMMITTEE ON STEM EDUCAT

21-MSLPSP21_2-0059 LONG-RANGE TRACKING OF CHONPS HOTSPOTS AND ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ON THE MARTIAN SURFACE VIA CHEMCAM: DEVELOPING NOVEL DATA SCIENCE TOOLS FOR UNCOVERING

MORPHOMETRIC SCALING RELATIONS (DEPTH/DIAMETER; RIM HEIGHT/DIAMETER) DERIVED FROM FRESH IMPACT CRATERS ARE IMPORTANT TOOLS FOR UNDERSTANDING NOT ONLY

PROJECT TITLE:COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH IN INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR INVESTIGATION OF WATER RESOURCESPROJECT ABSTRACT SUMMARY:USRA WILL UNDERTAKE COOPERATIVE RESEARCH IN WATER RESOURCE MONITORING AND SCIENCE WITH THE USGS WATER MISSION AREA (WMA). RESEARCH ACTIVITIES WILL FOCUS ON ADVANCING THE APPLICATION OF DATA SCIENCE IN SUPPORT OF HYDROLOGIC SCIENCE, INCLUDING OPPORTUNITIES FOR MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS TO COMPLEMENT TRADITIONAL ANALYSES OF GEOSPATIAL DATA FOR IMPROVED SCIENCE OUTCOMES. THIS WILL INVOLVE DEVELOPING DATA SCIENCE WORKFLOWS TO ANALYZE AND VISUALIZE IN-SITU AND REMOTE SENSING DATA TO ENABLE NEW CAPABILITIES FOR HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCE (E.G., MONITORING WATER CHARACTERISTICS WITH REMOTE SENSING IMAGERY FROM MOVING AIRCRAFT OR SATELLITES), AND DEVELOPING NOVEL TECHNIQUES FOR ENGAGING THE BROADER RESEARCH COMMUNITY WITH A DISTRIBUTED HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING APPROACH.THE PRIMARY DELIVERABLES FOR THIS PROJECT WILL CONSIST OF REPORTS, PEER-REVIEWED PUBLICATIONS, MEETING PRESENTATIONS, AND DATA RELEASES ASSOCIATED WITH SPONSORED SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES CONDUCTED JOINTLY BY USGS AND USRA STAFF.EXPECTED OUTCOMES INCLUDE TECHNOLOGY ADVANCEMENTS RELATED TO THE APPLICATION OF ADVANCED DATA SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES (E.G., MACHINE LEARNING) FOR WATER RESOURCE MONITORING AND SCIENCE, INCLUDING RESULTS FROM THE APPLICATION OF THESE TECHNOLOGIES TO SPECIFIC DATASETS. EXPECTED OUTCOMES ALSO INCLUDE BROADENING OF PARTICIPATION IN USGS RESEARCH INCLUDING ENGAGEMENT WITH ACADEMIA, AND PROFESSIONAL GROWTH FOR STAFF AND STUDENTS INVOLVE IN THIS RESEARCH.THIS PROJECT WILL BENEFIT THE USGS BY STRENGTHENING ITS CONNECTIONS WITH THE BROADER RESEARCH COMMUNITY INCLUDING UNDERGRADUATE AND GRADUATE STUDENTS, POST-DOCTORAL RESEARCHERS AND RESEARCH SCIENTISTS WHO CAN CONTRIBUTE TO AND BENEFIT FROM COLLABORATIVEHYDROLOGICAL RESEARCH PROJECTS INVOLVING DATA SCIENCE FOR WATER RESOURCES.

ONE OF THE KEY OBJECTIVES OF THE VOYAGER AND CASSINI MISSIONS HAS BEEN TO UNDERSTAND THE EVOLUTION OF THE ICY SATELLITES OF SATURN, INCLUDING THEIR T

IN THIS WORK WE WILL INVESTIGATE THE ORIGINS OF SMALL CRATERS ON ICY SATELLITES TO UNDERSTAND HOW IMPORTANT SMALL COMETS ARE RELATIVE TO SECONDARY CR

THE OMPS LIMB ONBOARD SUOMI-NPP COLLECTED ITS FIRST EARTH LIMB MEASUREMENT IN JANUARY 10 2012 AND CONTINUES TO PROVIDE DAILY GLOBAL MEASUREMENTS OF OZONE AND AEROSOL PROFILES FROM THE CLOUD TOP UP TO 60 AND 40 KM RESPECTIVELY. ALTHOUGH OMPS AEROSOL PROFILES DATA PRODUCT WAS NOT SELECTED THE LAST ROSES CALL THE OMPS OZONE SCIENCE TEAM CONTINUED PRODUCING AN AEROSOL PRODUCT THAT WAS MAINLY DESIGNED FOR CORRECTING THE RETRIEVED OZONE PROFILES AND LEVEL 1G RADIANCE DIAGNOSTICS. WE WILL PROPOSE TO DEVELOP AN ALGORITHM TO RETRIEVE A HIGH QUALITY AEROSOL EXTINCTION PROFILES AND PARTICLE SIZE INFORMATION FROM SUOMI NPP OMPS LP MEASUREMENTS. THE PROPOSED RESEARCH RESPONDS TO A SOLICITATION S REQUEST FOR DEVELOPING THE REFINED AND/OR ALTERNATIVE DATA PRODUCTS NEEDED TO ENSURE HIGH-QUALITY DATA RECORDS FOR EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS THAT ENABLE CONTINUITY WITH EOS DATA PRODUCTS SPECIFICALLY AEROSOL CONCENTRATION VERTICAL PROFILES. WE EXPECT THE PROPOSED RESEARCH TO IMPROVE THE EXISTING OMPS LP AEROSOL ALGORITHM BY IMPROVING THE AEROSOL EXTINCTION RETRIEVAL SCHEME AND THE AEROSOL SIZE DISTRIBUTION INFORMATION. WE ALSO PLAN TO FURTHER IMPROVE THE AEROSOL RETRIEVAL IN THE UPPER TROPOSPHERE/ LOWER STRATOSPHERE UT/LS REGION BY ADDING AN IMPROVED CLOUD DETECTION ALGORITHM.

WE PROPOSE TO QUANTIFY THE STRATOSPHERIC IMPACT ON TROPOSPHERIC OZONE INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY AND TRENDS SINCE 1990 AND THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF STRATOSPHERIC AND ANTHROPOGENIC EFFECTS ON TROPOSPHERIC OZONE RADIATIVE FORCING AND ON REGIONAL AIR QUALITY. WE ARE RESPONDING TO AREA A OF ROSES-2016 ANNOUNCEMENT NNH16ZDA001N WHICH CALLS FOR STUDIES CONCERNING THE EVOLUTION OF TROPOSPHERIC OZONE AND THEIR IMPACTS ON CLIMATE AND AIR QUALITY AND USE OF AURA DATA TO TRACK CHANGES IN STRATOSPHERIC AND TROPOSPHERIC COMPOSITION DETERMINE THE EXCHANGE OF TRACER GASES WITHIN THE TROPOSPHERE BETWEEN THE STRATOSPHERE AND TROPOSPHERE AND ESTIMATE THE TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF THE STRATOSPHERE AND UPPER TROPOSPHERE. WE PROPOSE TO CARRY ON AN INTEGRATED ANALYSIS USING THE SUITE OF DATA DERIVED FROM AURA (TES AND MLS O3 MERRA-2 ASSIMILATION OF OMI/MLS THE COMBINED TES/MLS CO MLS H2O OMI NO2) OZONESONDE MEASUREMENTS AND A SERIES OF MODEL SIMULATIONS WITH THE GLOBAL MODELING INITIATIVE (GMI) STRATOSPHERE-TROPOSPHERE CHEMICAL MECHANISM AND MERRA-2 METEOROLOGY INCLUDING A STRATOSPHERIC OZONE TRACER. OUR ANALYSIS INCLUDES THE ENTIRE TROPOSPHERE WITH A FOCUS ON STRATOSPHERE-TROPOSPHERE EXCHANGE (STE) EFFECTS ON UPPER TROPOSPHERIC AND NEAR SURFACE OZONE. WE SPECIFICALLY PROPOSE (A) TO QUANTIFY THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND VERTICAL EXTENT OF IMPACTS OF STE ON TROPOSPHERIC OZONE AND ASSOCIATED INTERANNUAL VARIATIONS AND TRENDS; (B) TO QUANTIFY OZONE RADIATIVE FORCING SINCE 1990 DUE TO STE CHANGES AND ITS RELATIVE IMPORTANCE TO RADIATIVE FORCING FROM ANTHROPOGENIC OZONE; (C) TO IDENTIFY GLOBAL HOTSPOTS OF DEEP STE EVENTS AND THEIR IMPACT ON REGIONAL AIR QUALITY. THIS PROJECT WILL GREATLY IMPROVE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE VERTICAL EXTENT OF STE IMPACTS ON INTERANNUAL VARIATIONS AND TRENDS OF TROPOSPHERIC OZONE AS WELL AS RESULTING VARIATIONS IN RADIATIVE FORCING OF THE CLIMATE SYSTEM. THEREFORE THE SUCCESSFUL COMPLETION OF THIS RESEARCH CAN BE EXPECTED TO IMPROVE OUR ABILITY TO PREDICT THE FUTURE EVOLUTION OF RADIATIVE FORCING FROM OZONE IN A CHANGING CLIMATE. IN ADDITION THE INSIGHTS GAINED FROM MODEL ANALYSIS WILL BENEFIT THE ONGOING ATMOSPHERIC TOMOGRAPHY MISSION (ATOM) WHICH SYSTEMATICALLY MEASURES VERTICAL PROFILES OF REACTIVE GASES AND AEROSOL MEASURE SPANNING THE PACIFIC OCEAN AND ATLANTIC OCEAN ESPECIALLY IN AREAS CONSIDERED REMOTE AND CLEAN.

EO14042 CRUSTAL DEFORMATION TECTONISM AND CRYOVOLCANISM ON PLUTO: NEW CONSTRAINTS FROM INTEGRATED ANALYSIS OF NEW HORIZONS DATA AND MECHANICAL MODELING.

EXECUTE A BALANCED SCIENCE PROGRAM BASED ON DISCIPLINE-SPECIFIC GUIDANCE FROM THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES OF SCIENCES ENGINEERING AND MEDICINE ADMINISTRATION PRIORITIES AND DIRECTION FROM CONGRESS. PARTICIPATE AS A KEY PARTNER AND ENABLER IN THE AGENCY S EXPLORATION INITIATIVE FOCUSING ON SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH OF ON AND FROM THE MOON LUNAR ORBIT MARS AND BEYOND. ADVANCE DISCOVERY IN EMERGING FIELDS BY IDENTIFYING AND EXPLOITING CROSS-DISCIPLINARY OPPORTUNITIES BETWEEN TRADITIONAL SCIENCE DISCIPLINES DEVELOP A DIRECTORATE-WIDE TARGET-USER FOCUSED APPROACH TO APPLIED PROGRAMS INCLUDING EARTH SCIENCE APPLICATIONS SPACE WEATHER PLANETARY DEFENSE AND SPACE SITUATIONAL AWARENESS.

STUDIES OF ACCRETING BINARY PULSARS WITH THE GLAST BURST MONITORWE PROPOSE A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY O

STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION AND EVOLUTION OF LARGE VOLCANOES ON MARS WITH INSIGHTS FROM NUMERICAL SI

WE PROPOSE ANALYSES OF AURA AND SCISAT SATELLITE DATA AND GLOBAL MODELING INITIATIVE (GMI) SIMULATIONS THAT WILL INCREASE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF STRATO

ACID FOG MARS: EXPERIMENTAL & ANALYTYPICAL STUDIES OF SULFUR & HALOGENS IN MARTIAN BASALTS &

EJECTION OF MATERIAL FROM IMPACT EVENTS IS THE PRINCIPAL SEDIMENTARY PROCESS ON THE MOON. CONSEQUENTLY, AN UNDERSTANDING OF HOW EJECTA LAYERS VARY IN

THIS PROPOSAL AIMS TO RETRIEVE AND INTEGRATE A VARIETY OF GEOCHEMICAL INFORMATION FROM BOTH OLIVINE-HOSTED MELT INCLUSIONS AND LATE-STAGE MAGMATIC MI

ALLAN TREIMAN/UNIVERSITIES SPACE RESEARCH ASSCOATIONPETROLOGY OF THE LUNAR HIGHLANDS: LITHIC CLASTS

IN HOUSTON, AS IN MANY OTHER AREAS OF THE UNITED STATES, SCIENCE SPECIALISTS AND LEAD TEACHERS ARE INCREASINGLY RESPONSIBLE FOR TRAINING TEACHERS, SH

IMPROVED MODELS OF THE THERMAL AND MAGMATIC EVOLUTION OF MARS THE SURFACE OF MARS HAS A WIDE RANGE OF VOLCANIC FEATURES. UNDERSTANDING THE ORIGIN OF

NASA ASTROBIOLOGY INSTITUTE (NAI) CO-PI

WE PROPOSE TO USE COINCIDENT OBSERVATIONS AS WELL AS BACK-FORWARD TRAJECTORIES TO VALIDATE SAGE-III/ISS SOLAR AND LUNAR OCCULTATION PROFILES OF AEROSOLS OZONE NITROGEN DIOXIDE AND WATER VAPOR AGAINST NON-COINCIDENT OBSERVATIONS OF THESE TRACE SPECIES FROM SATELLITE PLATFORMS SUCH AS MLS OSIRIS CALIPSO AND OMPS LP BALLOONSONDE NETWORKS (SHADOZ WOUDC AND NDACC OZONE AEROSOL AND WATER VAPOR) AND OTHER AVAILABLE AIR AND GROUND-BASED MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS. OUR APPROACH IS A VARIANT OF THE TECHNIQUE DESCRIBED IN SCHOEBERL ET AL. [2015] WHICH HAS BEEN USED TO VALIDATE ATTREX AND POSIDON DATA AGAINST MLS RETRIEVALS. A CHEMISTRY MODEL WHICH INCLUDES DIURNAL CHANGES IN PRODUCTION AND LOSS WILL BE USED TO RECONCILE OZONE NO2 AND WATER VAPOR MEASUREMENTS TAKEN BY SAGE III AT SUNRISE AND SUNSET AND DURING LUNAR OCCULTATIONS WE WILL THEN EXPLOIT THE ~1 KM RESOLUTION OF THE VALIDATED SAGE-III OBSERVATIONS TO CHARACTERIZE OF THE STRUCTURE AND SEASONAL VARIABILITY OF OZONE AEROSOLS AND WATER VAPOR IN THE UPPER TROPOSPHERE AND LOWER-TO-MIDDLE STRATOSPHERE.

IN THE LAST DECADE NEW MISSIONS TO THE MOON HAVE RETURNED A FLOOD OF NEW HIGH-RESOLUTION IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY TOPOGRAPHY AND GRAVITY DATA THAT HAVE TRIGGERED MAJOR ADVANCES IN OUR KNOWLEDGE OF THAT BODY'S ORIGIN STRUCTURE AND EVOLUTION. ONE MAJOR DEVELOPMENT IS THE IDENTIFICATION OF SEVERAL LARGE MARE PROVINCES (BASALT-COVERED PLAINS) THAT LACK A CLEAR ASSOCIATION WITH THE INTERIORS OF LARGE IMPACT BASINS. THESE INCLUDE THE BROAD BUT NARROW MARE FRIGORIS NORTH OF THE IMBRIUM AND SERENTIATIS BASINS AND MARE TRANQUILLITATIS WHICH OCCUPIES THE CENTER OF A TRIANGULAR REGION DELINEATED BY THE SERENTIATIS CRISIUM AND NECTARIS BASINS (HERE TERMED THE "SCN TRIANGLE"). FRIGORIS AND THE WESTERN MARGIN OF TRANQUILLITATIS COINCIDE WITH THE PROPOSED VOLCANO-TECTONIC BOUNDARY STRUCTURES OF THE PROCELLARUM REGION (ANDREWS-HANNA ET AL. 2014) BUT A SEARCH FOR GRAVITATIONAL SIGNALS OF BASINS (NEUMANN ET AL. 2015) REVEALED EVIDENCE FOR ONLY ONE SMALL BASIN IN WESTERN TRANQUILLITATIS AND NONE IN THE REMAINDER OF TRANQUILLITATIS OR FRIGORIS. THESE OBSERVATIONS CLEARLY SHOW THAT THE STANDARD PARADIGM FOR CREATING MARIA WITH BASALTIC MELT ASCENDING FROM AN ANOMALOUSLY WARM (AND PRESUMABLY IMPACT-HEATED) MANTLE REGION BENEATH AN IMPACT BASIN TO FILL THE BASIN IS INSUFFICIENT TO EXPLAIN THESE REGIONS. ..HERE WE PROPOSE TWO DISTINCT BUT INTERDEPENDENT TASKS AIMED AT 1) CHARACTERIZING THE GEOCHEMICAL PETROLOGIC AND GEOPHYSICAL RECORDS OF THESE REGIONS AS REVEALED BY REMOTELY SENSED DATA (AND INFORMED BY THE LUNAR SAMPLE COLLECTION) AND 2) CONSTRAINING THEIR VOLCANIC AND TECTONIC STRUCTURE VIA SOPHISTICATED NUMERICAL MODELING OF LITHOSPHERIC STRESS DEFORMATION AND GRAVITATIONAL SIGNATURE. ..TASK 1 WILL USE IMAGING AND SPECTROSCOPIC DATA FROM MISSIONS SUCH AS CLEMENTINE LUNAR PROSPECTOR KAGUYA CHANDRAYAAN-1 AND LUNAR RECONNAISSANCE ORBITER (LRO) TO CHARACTERIZE THE COMPOSITIONS AND ERUPTIVE HISTORIES OF VOLCANIC UNITS. FOR EXAMPLE FEO AND TIO2 ABUNDANCES DERIVED FROM CLEMENTINE AND KAGUYA VISIBLE AND NEAR-INFRARED DATA AND MINERALOGY DETERMINED FROM MOON MINERALOGY MAPPER DATA WILL BE USED TO CREATE MAPS OF COMPOSITIONAL/GEOLOGIC UNITS IN THE ENTIRE SCN TRIANGLE REGION. SUCH MAPS WILL PROVIDE INFORMATION NOT ONLY ON THE SURFACE UNITS BUT ALSO ON DEEPER ONES BY ANALYZING MATERIAL EXPOSED IN THE RIMS AND EJECTA OF SMALL IMMATURE CRATERS. THIS INFORMATION WILL CONSTRAIN POSSIBLE SCENARIOS FOR MAGMA GENERATION AND EMPLACEMENT IN TASK 2. TASK 2 WILL APPLY FINITE ELEMENT MODELS (USING THE COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS CODE) OF STRESS AND DEFORMATION OF THE LITHOSPHERE AND OF GRAVITATIONAL SIGNALS FROM TOPOGRAPHY AND INTERNAL DENSITY CONTRASTS TO EVALUATE SCENARIOS FOR LOAD EMPLACEMENT (E.G. EXTRUSIVE OR INTRUSIVE BASALTIC UNITS) THAT ARE CONSISTENT WITH GEOPHYSICAL OBSERVABLES (TOPOGRAPHY FROM LRO/LOLA AND GRAVITY FROM GRAIL) AND THE GEOLOGIC AND TECTONIC RECORDS. MODEL SCALES WILL VARY AS REQUIRED FROM SMALL-SCALE EDIFICES AND MAGMA BODIES (10S OF KM) TO REGIONAL-SCALE EMPLACEMENT OF MARE UNITS AND VOLCANIC EDIFICES (100S OF KM) TO PLANET-SCALE MODELS OF RIFTS (>1000 KM IN SPHERICAL GEOMETRY). ..THESE TASKS BUILD ON PREVIOUS WORK OF TEAM MEMBERS IN CHARACTERIZING FRIGORIS FROM THE SPECTROSCOPY/MAPPING PERSPECTIVE AND THE SCN TRIANGLE REGION FROM THE GEOPHYSICAL/LITHOSPHERIC PERSPECTIVE. THE PROPOSED WORK OFFERS INSIGHTS THAT MAY REACH BACK TO PRIMORDIAL EVENTS ON THE MOON (E.G. MAGMA OCEAN SOLIDIFICATION AND ESTABLISHMENT OF THE PROCELLARUM KREEP TERRANE) AND THE SUBSEQUENT HISTORY OF THE PROPOSED PROCELLARUM BOUNDARY RIFTS AND EMPLACEMENT OF BASALT UNITS IN THE TRIANGLE BASINS AND ENCOMPASSED REGION. ..THE PROPOSED WORK FULFILLS THE LDAP PROGRAM OBJECTIVE OF ENHANCING SCIENTIFIC RETURN FROM MISSIONS TO THE MOON BY EXPLOITING DATA FROM INSTRUMENTS OF MISSIONS SUCH AS CLEMENTINE KAGUYA CHANDRAYAAN-1 LRO AND GRAIL AND ADDRESSES NASA GOALS OF BETTER UNDERSTANDING THE VOLCANIC TECTONIC AND THERMAL HISTORY OF THE MOON. .

VOLCANIC GROWTH, SPEADING, AND COLLAPSE ON MARS.

THIS PROJECT CONSISTS OF DATA ASSIMILATION EXPERIMENTS DESIGNED TO TEST THE IMPACT OF ASSIMILATING SMAP RETRIEVALS ON BOTH LSM FIELDS AND COUPLED NWP

WE PROPOSE TO COMBINE GROUND-TRUTH METEOROLOGICAL DATA WITH SUBSURFACE THERMODYNAMIC MODELING TO FURTHER OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE LOWER MARTIAN ATMOS

ENCELADUS IS THE OBVIOUS SITE OF ONGOING ERUPTIONS BUT THE OTHER ICY MOONS ALSO BETRAY INDICATIONS THAT THE SATURN SYSTEM ITSELF HAS SEEN GEOLOGIC ACTIVITY. DURING THE CASSINI MISSION PROMINENT ANOMALOUS IR-BRIGHT (REDDISH IN 3-COLOR PRESENTATIONS) ARCUATE FEATURES WERE DISCOVERED ON THE LOW-DENSITY ICY MOON TETHYS. THESE FEATURES ARE CHARACTERIZED BY AN UNUSUAL IR-BRIGHT SPECTRAL SIGNATURES AND THEIR APPARENT YOUTH CROSSING ALL KNOWN FEATURES DESPITE ONGOING DEPOSITION BY E-RING AND OTHER MATERIALS. AS SUCH THEY COULD REPRESENT THE ONLY ONGOING INTERNAL ACTIVITY ON A MIDSIZE SATURNIAN MOON OTHER THAN ENCELADUS OR TITAN. ALTHOUGH DISCOVERED LATE IN THE MISSION SEVERAL CASSINI OBSERVATION SEQUENCES WERE EITHER REDESIGNED OR ADDED TO LOOK AT THE THE GEOLOGIC AND DISTRIBUTION OF THESE FEATURES OBSERVATIONS WE WILL LEVERAGE FOR THIS WORK. WE PROPOSE A MULTI-INSTRUMENT AND MULTIPLE TECHNIQUE APPROACH TO ASSESS THE GEOLOGIC HISTORY AND ORIGIN OF THESE FEATURES. WE SHALL USE ISS GLOBAL AND HIGH-RESOLUTION IMAGING TO COMPLETE THE GLOBAL MAP OF THESE FEATURES AND TO STUDY ALL RESOLVABLE FEATURES ALONG THEM. WE SHALL ALSO SEARCH AND EVALUATE ALL VIMS HIGH-RESOLUTION MULTISPECTRAL CUBES OVER THESE FEATURES TO ASSESS THEIR COMPOSITION IN PARTICULAR TO SEARCH FOR SIGNATURES OF ORGANICS THAT WERE SUGGESTED BY INITIAL SURVEYS OF THESE FEATURES AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND HOW THESE CHARACTERISTICS RELATE TO ORIGIN. WE SHALL ALSO USE THE GLOBAL PATTERN OF THESE FEATURES TO TEST VARIOUS GEOPHYSICAL MODELS OF THEIR ORIGIN FROM POLAR WANDER TO TIDAL STRESSES TO ASSESS WHICH GLOBAL STRESS FIELDS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THESE VERY YOUNG FEATURES. THE PROPOSED WORK MAKES EXTENSIVE USE OF ISS AND VIMS DATA OF A TARGET BODY SPECIFICALLY TARGETED BY CASSINI FOLLOWING A ICY MOON THAT BETRAYS VERY SURPRISING INDICATIONS OF RATHER RECENT ACTIVITY.

JUPITER'S MOON IO IS PRESENTLY UNDERGOING A PRODIGIOUS AMOUNT OF VOLCANIC ACTIVITY FAR EXCEEDING THE LEVEL OF VOLCANISM ON EARTH OR ANY OTHER SOLID-BODY OBJECT IN OUR SOLAR SYSTEM. UNDERSTANDING THE INTERIOR DYNAMICS THAT PRODUCES THIS VOLCANISM IS A FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEM IN PLANETARY GEOPHYSICS. IO'S VOLCANISM IS DRIVEN BY TIDAL HEATING OF ITS INTERIOR AND THE MAGNITUDE OF TIDAL HEATING AT A GIVEN LOCATION DEPENDS IN PART ON THE VISCOSITY AND SHEAR MODULUS OF THAT MATERIAL AND THUS ON BOTH THE MANTLE TEMPERATURE AND THE PRESENCE OF MAGMA. HOWEVER THE THERMAL STRUCTURE CAN EVOLVE WITH TIME BOTH DUE TO CONVECTIVE FLOW IN THE MANTLE AND BY THE PRODUCTION OF MAGMA. RISING MAGMA TRANSPORTS HEAT FROM THE MANTLE TO THE CRUST. AS THE MANTLE TEMPERATURE EVOLVES THE VISCOSITY WILL CHANGE LEADING IN TURN TO CHANGES IN THE TIDAL HEATING RATE. CHANGES IN THE TIDAL HEATING MAY IN TURN CAUSE CHANGES IN THE MANTLE FLOW. THUS RIGOROUS MODELS OF MANTLE CONVECTION ON IO MUST CONSIDER THE COUPLINGS AMONG TIDAL HEAT GENERATION MANTLE CONVECTION THE RHEOLOGY LAW AND THE PRODUCTION AND TRANSPORT OF MAGMA. EXISTING MODELS OF MANTLE CONVECTION ON IO HAVE MADE THE SIMPLIFYING ASSUMPTION THAT TIDAL HEATING CAN BE IMPOSED WITH A FIXED SPATIAL PATTERN AND AMPLITUDE. MOST EXISTING IO CONVECTION MODELS ALSO DO NOT CALCULATE MAGMA PRODUCTION AND INSTEAD TREAT ITS EFFECTS ON HEAT TRANSPORT BY A SURFACE BOUNDARY CONDITION.

SPECEES: COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: ADVANCING THE WIRELESS SPECTRAL FRONTIER WITH QUANTUM-ENABLED COMPUTATIONAL TECHNIQUES (QENETS)

EMISSIONS OF SHORT-LIVED AIR POLLUTANTS WITH DETECTABLE SATELLITE-OBSERVED PLUMES INCLUDING SO2 AND NOX CAN BE ESTIMATED DIRECTLY FROM SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS. SATELLITES HAVE OBSERVED SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN AIR POLLUTANT CONCENTRATIONS DRIVEN BY ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS THAT CAN VARY OVER SHORT PERIODS OWING TO FOR EXAMPLE THE OPENING OF NEW INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES OR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF STRICTER EMISSION CONTROLS. AIR QUALITY AND CLIMATE MODELS TYPICALLY USE BOTTOM-UP EMISSION INVENTORIES COMPILED BY AGGREGATING ACTIVITY DATA AND EMISSION FACTORS WHICH DO NOT ALWAYS REFLECT RECENT CHANGES LEADING TO INACCURATE MODEL RESULTS. WE WILL PIONEER AN IN-DEPTH COLLABORATION BETWEEN THE SATELLITE RESEARCH COMMUNITY AND EMISSION INVENTORY DEVELOPERS TO MERGE THE BEST FEATURES OF SATELLITES AND BOTTOM-UP INVENTORIES. WE WILL INNOVATIVELY MERGE NEW SATELLITE-DERIVED EMISSIONS WITH A STATE-OF-THE-SCIENCE GLOBAL INVENTORY TO PROVIDE MORE ACCURATE AND TIMELY EMISSIONS FOR IMPROVED ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION. WE WILL DEVELOP THE NASA SATELLITE-DERIVED EMISSION (SATEM) DATABASE TO QUANTIFY SO2 AND NOX EMISSIONS AT ENHANCED ACCURACY AND TEMPORAL RESOLUTION FROM LATEST OZONE MONITORING INSTRUMENT (OMI) RETRIEVALS. USING AN UPDATED EMISSIONS QUANTIFICATION METHOD TOGETHER WITH THE LATEST SATELLITE DATA PRODUCTS SATEM WILL BE THE MOST COMPREHENSIVE AND ACCURATE CATALOG OF NOX AND SO2 GLOBAL EMISSION SOURCES YET TO BE PRODUCED. WE WILL ALSO USE THE EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY (ESA) TROPOSPHERIC MONITORING INSTRUMENT (TROPOMI) RETRIEVALS TO ADD SEASONAL DETAIL TO THE POINT SOURCE EMISSIONS DATABASE. WE WILL THEN MERGE SATEM WITH A LEADING GLOBAL BOTTOM-UP INVENTORY THE COMMUNITY EMISSIONS DATA SYSTEM (CEDS) TO CONSTRUCT A HYBRID LONG-TERM GLOBAL ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSION INVENTORY CEDS-SATEM EXTENDING TO THE CURRENT YEAR. THIS HYBRID INVENTORY COMBINES THE COMPREHENSIVE NATURE OF THE BOTTOM-UP EMISSIONS DATA WITH THE SATEM LARGE-SOURCE EMISSIONS DATABASE (MAGNITUDE SPATIAL LOCATION ANNUAL TIME SERIES AND SEASONALITY) TO FORM THE MOST ACCURATE POSSIBLE ESTIMATE OF ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS INTO THE ATMOSPHERE. SO2 AND NOX HAVE PROFOUND IMPACTS ON AIR QUALITY AND CLIMATE AS THE PRINCIPAL PRECURSORS OF OZONE AND AEROSOLS. OUR MORE ACCURATE EMISSION INVENTORY OF SO2 AND NOX WILL ALLOW IMPROVED SIMULATIONS OF OZONE AND FINE PARTICULATE MATTER AND THEREFORE ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION. WE WILL IMPLEMENT THE CEDS-SATEM MERGED EMISSION INVENTORY IN THE NASA GODDARD EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEM (GEOS) MODEL TO BOTH EVALUATE THE RESPONSE OF SPATIOTEMPORAL VARIATIONS IN TROPOSPHERIC AIR QUALITY TO EMISSIONS CHANGES OVER THE OMI ERA FOCUSING ON REGIONS WHERE EMISSIONS ARE NOT WELL CHARACTERIZED IN BOTTOM-UP INVENTORIES AND TO EVALUATE THE IMPACT OF THE IMPROVED EMISSIONS INVENTORY ON MODEL RESULTS. OUR PROPOSAL IS HIGHLY RELEVANT TO THE ROSES A.19 SOLICITATION AS IT HELPS TO ADDRESS THE QUESTION HOW IS ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION CHANGING. SPECIFICALLY WE ADDRESS LONG-TERM TRENDS IN ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION BY EMPLOYING BOTH OMI AND TROPOMI DATA SETS. THE IMPROVED LONG-TERM EMISSION INVENTORIES FOR SO2 AND NOX FROM THIS PROJECT WILL FACILITATE THE THE ATTRIBUTION OF CHANGES IN AIR QUALITY ENCOURAGED IN AREA A AND ENABLE ENHANCED OZONE AND AEROSOL FORECASTS IN AIR QUALITY AND CHEMISTRY-CLIMATE MODELS BOTH THROUGH THE ACTIVITIES OUTLINED IN THIS PROPOSAL AND MORE BROADLY BY MAKING THE HYBRID SATELLITE-DERIVED/BOTTOM-UP INVENTORY PUBLICLY AVAILABLE. OUR PROPOSED HYBRID INVENTORY METHODOLOGY WILL HAVE EVEN WIDER APPLICATION AND SMALLER UNCERTAINTIES WHEN MEASUREMENTS FROM THE NEXT-GENERATION GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITES INCLUDING KOREA AEROSPACE RESEARCH INSTITUTE (KARI) GEMS (GEOSTATIONARY ENVIRONMENT MONITORING SPECTROMETER) ESA SENTINEL-4 AND NASA TEMPO (TROPOSPHERIC EMISSIONS: MONITORING OF POLLUTION) ARE AVAILABLE.

COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: THE MAGELLANIC CLOUDS AS A LABORATORY FOR STAR FORMATION AT LOW METALLICITY

WE PROPOSE TO USE THE ADVANCED MICROWAVE SCANNING RADIOMETER - EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEM (AMSR-E) ONBOARD AQUA FOR DETECTING ROS EVENTS DAILY OVER THE S

THE DENSITY OF THE LUNAR CRUST AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE MOON'S EARLY VOLCANIC HISTORY THE VOLUME OF VOLCANIC ROCK PRODUCED AS A FUNCTION OF TIME

AFRL WRIGHT SCHOLARS STIPEND DISTRIBUTION ISSUED PURSUANT TO TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THE AFRL SCHOLAR PROGRAM,

THE PARTICIPATING SCIENTIST WILL LEAD THE EFFORT IN OBSERVING, MAPPING AND INVESTIGATING THE IMPACT CRATER MORPHOLOGY RECORD ON VESTA. OBSERVATION PL

TAS::57 3600::TAS '(SECAF 2030 S&T) DOD SECRETARY OF THE AIR FORCE (SECAF) 2030 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (S&T) STUDY - ORGANIZATIONAL AND PROCESS STUD'

FUNDING OPPORTUNITY GOALS TEXT FOR ALL EONS TECH EVALS: 1. ATTRACT DIVERSE GROUPS OF STUDENTS TO STEM THROUGH LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES THAT SPARK INTEREST AND PROVIDE CONNECTIONS TO NASA S MISSION AND WORK. 2. CREATE UNIQUE OPPORTUNITIES FOR A DIVERSE

20-OSTFL20-0026 EXTENDING AND GENERALIZING THE FERMI GBM DATA TOOLS TO OTHER MISSIONS

AFRL WRIGHT SCHOLARS STIPEND DISTRIBUTION

ENHANCING ACCESS TO AND UTILIZATION OF EARTH OBSERVATION AND REMOTE SENSING DATA, APPLICATIONS, AND USER CASES GENERATED BY THE NASA EARTH SCIENCE DI

THE NEW HORIZONS MISSION HAS RETURNED A TREASURE TROVE OF HIGH-RESOLUTION IMAGE DATA FOR THE PLUTO-CHARON SYSTEM REVEALING COMPLEX WORLDS WITH BROAD TECTONIC SYSTEMS DIVERSE RESURFACING MECHANISMS AND SUGGESTIONS OF CRYOVOLCANIC ACTIVITY. WE AIM TO EXPLOIT THE NEW HORIZONS IMAGE DATASET AND PRODUCTS DERIVED FROM IT SUCH AS TOPOGRAPHY TO CONSTRAIN THE TECTONIC AND CRYOVOLCANIC HISTORY OF PLUTO AND CHARON AT REGIONAL TO GLOBAL SCALES THROUGH AN INTEGRATED PROGRAM OF DETAILED GEOLOGIC/STRUCTURAL MAPPING AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF ICY SHELL LITHOSPHERE STRESS AND DEFORMATION STATES VIA FINITE ELEMENT METHOD MODELS. WE WILL USE THE SOPHISTICATED AND POWERFUL COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS FINITE ELEMENT CODE TO CREATE MODELS OF ICY SHELL LITHOSPHERES SUBJECT TO SEVERAL MODES OF LOADING. WE WILL CREATE GLOBAL-SCALE MODELS OF THE ICY SHELL LITHOSPHERES OF PLUTO AND CHARON TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTS OF PHENOMENA SUCH AS PLANETARY DE- OR RE-SPINNING TRUE POLAR WANDER AND THERMAL EXPANSION AND RELATED EFFECTS FROM A GROWING LITHOSPHERE OR FREEZING OCEAN. SUCH MODELS EXHIBIT SPHERICAL GEOMETRY USING APPROPRIATE SYMMETRY BOUNDARY CONDITIONS TO REDUCE MODEL SIZE WHERE ALLOWABLE. THESE MODELS WILL INCORPORATE EFFECTS THAT ARE MISSING FROM CONVENTIONAL ANALYTIC CALCULATIONS SUCH AS VARIATIONS IN SHELL THICKNESS (INCLUDING TOPOGRAPHIC BASINS) TIME-DEPENDENT BEHAVIOR (INCLUDING STRESS RELIEF FROM BRITTLE YIELDING AND VISCOELASTIC RELAXATION AND GROWING BASIN INFILL LOADS) AND BIASES TOWARD EXTENSIONAL STRESS STATES. MODELS WILL BE EVALUATED ON THEIR CONSISTENCY WITH THE OBSERVED STATES OF STRESS AND DEFORMATION ON PLUTO AND CHARON AS INDICATED BY IMAGE-BASED MAPPING OF TECTONIC FEATURES WITH THE GOAL OF CONSTRAINING THE CONDITIONS THAT CONTROLLED THE EVOLUTION OF THOSE BODIES. THESE MIGHT INCLUDE SHELL AND OCEAN THICKNESSES SPIN RATE CHANGES POLAR WANDER MAGNITUDES AND RATES AND BASIN FILL AND LOADING RATES. WE WILL ALSO USE SMALLER-SCALE MODELS TO ADDRESS THE FORMATION MECHANISMS OF PARTICULAR REGIONS AND FEATURES ON PLUTO AND CHARON. THESE MODELS MAY HAVE PLANAR GEOMETRY (FOR SMALL FEATURES) OR CURVED PARTIAL SPHERE GEOMETRIES (FOR REGIONAL-SCALE FEATURES). FOR EXAMPLE A RADIATING FRACTURE SYSTEM NORTH OF TARTARUS DORSA BEARS RESEMBLANCE TO RADIATING FRACTURE SYSTEMS ON VENUS THAT ARE RELATED TO INTRUSIVE MAGMATIC ACTIVITY IN THE PRESENCE OF A REGIONAL STRESS FIELD. MODELS CAN CONSTRAIN THE VALUES OF REGIONAL STRESS COMPONENTS AND PRESSURIZATIONS OF POTENTIAL CRYOMAGMA RESERVOIRS THAT PRODUCE STRESS STATES CONSISTENT WITH THE OBSERVED FRACTURE PATTERNS. THE STRESS STATES CALCULATED FOR MODELS OF THE VARIOUS SCALES STATED ABOVE HAVE IMPLICATIONS FOR THE TRANSPORT OF CRYOMAGMAS THROUGH THE LITHOSPHERIC SHELLS OF PLUTO AND CHARON. WE WILL USE PREVIOUSLY DEVELOPED EXPRESSIONS FOR FORCE BALANCE ON DIKE WALLS TO CALCULATE ASCENT-ENHANCING OR -INHIBITING EFFECTS OF LITHOSPHERIC STRESS STATES FOR CRYOMAGMAS ALLOWING US TO IDENTIFY LOCATIONS OR REGIONS WHERE ERUPTION OF CRYOLAVAS IS FACILITATED. SUCH CALCULATIONS IN CONJUNCTION WITH MAPPING OF POTENTIAL CRYOVOLCANIC FEATURES SUCH AS WRIGHT AND PICCARD MONTES MAY ALLOW INSIGHTS INTO ERUPTIONS IN FLOOD (WIDESPREAD) OR EDIFICE-BUILDING (LOCALIZED) MODES. THIS PROPOSAL ADDRESSES OBJECTIVES OF NFDAP TO ENHANCE THE SCIENTIFIC RETURN FROM NEW FRONTIERS MISSIONS BY BROADENING SCIENTIFIC PARTICIPATION IN THE ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA RETURNED BY THESE MISSIONS. THE PROPOSAL TEAM BLENDS EXPERIENCE AND FACILITY WITH NEW HORIZONS DATA WITH EXPERTISE IN STRUCTURAL MODELING OF LARGE PLANETARY VOLCANO-TECTONIC SYSTEMS AND ANALYSES OF STRESS MODULATED MAGMA ASCENT. WE PLAN TO EXPLOIT DECADES OF EXPERIENCE IN MODELING AND INTERPRETATION OF TECTONIC AND VOLCANIC FEATURES AND LITHOSPHERIC DYNAMICS OF PLANETS SPANNING THE DISTANCE FROM VENUS TO RHEA TO ALLOW US TO EXTRACT NEW INSIGHTS INTO THE EVOLUTION OF PLUTO AND CHARON.

PETROLOGICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF IMPACT MELTS AND IMPACT BRECCIASPETROLOGICAL GEOCHEMICAL A

IMPROVING WILDFIRE MANAGEMENT WITH EXPLAINABLE MACHINE LEARNING FROM MULTISENSOR SATELLITE DATA AND STAKEHOLDER MAPPING AND ANALYSIS

WRIGHT SCHOLAR STIPEND PROGRAM

THE FUTURE DISTRIBUTIONS OF STRATOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR AND OZONE ARE STRONGLY AFFECTED BY GLOBAL WARMING DUE TO INCREASES IN GREENHOUSE GASES. CHANGES IN STRATOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR AND OZONE IN TURN AFFECT CLIMATE RESPONSE TO GREENHOUSE GAS FORCING. STRATOSPHERIC OZONE CHANGE NOT ONLY DIRECTLY AFFECTS SURFACE WARMING BUT ALSO MODIFIES THE STRATOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR FEEDBACK BY MODULATING TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE TEMPERATURE. THE COMBINED STRATOSPHERIC OZONE FEEDBACK AND THE MODIFIED STRATOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR FEEDBACK CAUSE LESS WARMING OF GLOBAL SURFACE TEMPERATURE. THE STRENGTH OF THE STRATOSPHERIC CHEMICAL FEEDBACK HOWEVER IS HIGHLY UNCERTAIN. BECAUSE THE MAGNITUDE OF FUTURE GLOBAL WARMING STRONGLY DEPENDS ON CLIMATE FEEDBACKS IT IS CRITICAL TO IMPROVE THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE STRATOSPHERIC CHEMICAL FEEDBACK AND ITS IMPACT ON GLOBAL WARMING.WE PROPOSE TO QUANTIFY AND CONSTRAIN THE STRATOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR AND OZONE RESPONSES AND FEEDBACKS TO GLOBAL WARMING USING THE COUPLED NASA GODDARD EARTH SYSTEM MODEL VERSION 5 (GEOS-5) AND NASA SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS. WE WILL QUANTIFY THE STRATOSPHERIC CHEMICAL FEEDBACK IN GEOS-5 BY CONDUCTING QUADRUPLING CO2 SIMULATIONS. SENSITIVITY SIMULATIONS WILL BE PERFORMED TO SEPARATE THE ROLES OF STRATOSPHERIC OZONE AND WATER VAPOR IN THE STRATOSPHERIC CHEMICAL FEEDBACK. WE WILL QUANTIFY THE DRIVERS OF STRATOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR AND OZONE RESPONSES TO GLOBAL WARMING AND CHARACTERIZE THEIR LINKS. OBSERVED DECADAL VARIATIONS IN STRATOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR AND SURFACE WARMING WILL BE USED TO EVALUATE AND CONSTRAIN THE SIMULATED STRATOSPHERIC OZONE AND WATER VAPOR CHANGES AND THEIR IMPACT ON GLOBAL WARMING.OUR PROPOSAL IS DIRECTLY RELATED TO THE ACAMP RESEARCH ELEMENT OF CHEMISTRY/CLIMATE INTERACTIONS. OUR PROPOSED RESEARCH FALLS WITH THE FOCUS AREA OF THE ACMAP PROGRAM ON UNDERSTANDING HOW ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITIONS RESPOND TO AND AFFECT GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT CHANGE.

THIS MODELING AND ANALYSIS PROJECT USES DATA FROM SATELLITE AND SUB-ORBITAL PLATFORMS TO STUDY THE GLOBAL AND REGIONAL CHANGES AND ATMOSPHERIC IMPACT

STIPEND DISTRIBUTION TO WRIGHT SCHOLAR STUDENTS WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB

IN THE CURRENT GRANT CYCLE WE UPGRADED THE CODE HYDROTHERM SO THAT IT IS SUITABLE FOR MODELING IMPAC

TAS::80 0119::TASUSRA COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT - RECOVERY ACT FUNDING"WATER SUPPLY&MANAGEMENT IN CALIFORNIA SCALABLE TO REGIONAL&NATIONAL APPLICATIONS: AN INTEGRATED FRAMEWORK FOR WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND IRRIGATOIN OPTIMIZATION." - CFDA 43.0006THIS PROJECT IS A COLLABORATIVE EFFORT AMONG JET PROPULSION LABORATORY (JPL) NASA AMES RESEARCH CENTER (ARC) AND NASA MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CENTER (MSFC). THE OVERALL OBJECTIVE OF THIS EFFORT IS TO CREATE PROTOTYPE HARDWARE/SOFTWARE INFRASTRUCTURE TO IMPROVE WATER MANAGEMENT IN THE SAN JOAQUIN RIVER WATERSHED IN CALIFORNIA (SCALABLE TO OTHER REGIONS) THAT INTEGRATES NASA INFORMATION PRODUCTS AND MODELS.STATEMENT OF WORK AND DELIVERABLES:WATER MANAGEMENT WITHIN THE SAN JOAQUIN PORTION OF CALIFORNIA'S CENTRAL VALLEY IS A BALANCING ACT BETWEEN TEMPORALLY AND SPATIALLY LIMITED SOURCES AND COMPETITIVE NEEDS WHICH CAN OFTEN EXCEED THE SUPPLY. AT THIS TIME THERE IS NOT A SINGLE SYSTEM WHICH INTEGRATES THE ENTIRE RANGE OF TECHNICALLY PRACTICAL INFORMATION PHYSICAL PROCESSES USER COMMUNITY'S NEEDS AND POLITICAL OR LEGAL CONSTRAINTS. NASA'S APPLIED SCIENCE PROGRAM HAS INITIATED AN EFFORT TO DEVELOP THE SEEDS OF SUCH A SYSTEM. THIS PROJECT IS A COLLABORATIVE EFFORT AMONG JET PROPULSION LABORATORY (JPL) NASA AMES RESEARCH CENTER (ARC) AND NASA MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CENTER (MSFC). THE OVERALL OBJECTIVE OF THIS EFFORT IS TO CREATE PROTOTYPE HARDWARE/SOFTWARE INFRASTRUCTURE TO IMPROVE WATER MANAGEMENT IN THE SAN JOAQUIN RIVER WATERSHED IN CALIFORNIA (SCALABLE TO OTHER REGIONS) THAT INTEGRATES NASA INFORMATION PRODUCTS AND MODELS. THE MSFC'S COMPONENT OF THIS EFFORT IS IN TWO DISTINCT ELEMENTS: A) GENERATING A PRECIPITATION (RAINFALL) PRODUCT USING DATA FROM NEXT RADAR (NEXRAD) AND B) SOIL MOISTURE AND EVAPOTRANSPIRATION (PHYSICAL PROCESSES FOR WHICH PLANT EVAPORATE WATER) ESTIMATION USING WHAT IS TECHNICALLY TERMED A DISTRIBUTED HYDROLOGIC MODEL. THESE ELEMENTS WILL BE DELIVERED TO ARC TO BE INTEGRATED INTO THE TERRESTRIAL OBSERVATION AND PREDICTION SYSTEM (TOPS). THESE TWO MSFC COMPONENTS WILL BE PROVIDED AS DISCRETE DELIVERABLES BY SEPARATE VENDOR ORGANIZATIONS WITH THE NECESSARY SPECIALIZED SKILL SETS AND DEMONSTRATED CAPABILITY TO PROVIDE THE PRODUCTS IN A TIMELY AND COST EFFECTIVE MANNER.

JUPITER'S MOON IO IS THE MOST VOLCANICALLY ACTIVE PLANETARY BODY IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM. DRIVEN BY TIDAL HEATING FROM JUPITER, CONTINUALLY ONGOING VOL

COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: OBSERVATIONAL TESTING OF INTERSTELLAR GRAIN ALIGNMENT THEORY

WE WILL USE MULTI-DECADAL RECORDS OF LONG-LIVED TRACE GASES TO ADDRESS QUESTIONS ABOUT OZONE TREND ATTRIBUTION STRATOSPHERIC CIRCULATION CHANGE AND THE SENSITIVITY OF O3 PROJECTIONS TO SIMULATED DYNAMICAL VARIABILITY. THESE RECORDS IMPLICITLY CONTAIN THE LOWER STRATOSPHERIC DYNAMICAL COMPONENT OF OZONE TRENDS THAT REGRESSION ANALYSES ATTEMPT TO ACCOUNT FOR. THEY ALSO PROVIDE A REFERENCE FRAME FOR IDENTIFYING FUTURE CIRCULATION CHANGE. OUR WORK IS NOVEL BECAUSE WE ANALYZE SPECIES OTHER THAN O3 TO INDEPENDENTLY INFORM O3 TREND ATTRIBUTION. OZONE TRENDS MAY CONTAIN SIGNATURES OF OZONE-DEPLETING SUBSTANCE (ODS) DECLINE CIRCULATION CHANGE AND DYNAMICAL VARIABILITY. TREND STUDIES AGREE ON O3 INCREASES ATTRIBUTABLE TO DECLINING ODSS IN REGIONS WHERE CHLORINE CHEMISTRY PLAYS A LARGE ROLE BUT FIND EITHER NEGATIVE OR NO TREND IN LOWER STRATOSPHERIC (LS) O3. LS O3 IS LONG-LIVED AND ITS VARIABILITY IS MAINLY INFLUENCED BY WINTER WAVE-DRIVEN TRANSPORT. MIDLATITUDE COMPOSITION IS AFFECTED BY THE QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION (QBO) MERIDIONAL CIRCULATION WHICH CREATES TRACE GAS ANOMALIES IN THE LOWER AND MIDDLE STRATOSPHERE WINTER HEMISPHERE THAT PERSIST THROUGH SUMMER. THE PROXIES USED BY MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION (MLR) TREND ANALYSES ARE UNABLE TO ACCOUNT FOR THE IMPACT OF THIS DYNAMICAL VARIABILITY ON O3. WE USE A GMI CHEMISTRY TRANSPORT MODEL SIMULATION WITH MERRA2 METEOROLOGY AND BOUNDARY CONDITIONS REFLECTING ODS DECLINE (BASE) AND ONE WITH IDENTICAL METEOROLOGY AND ODSS FIXED AT 1995 LEVELS (FIXED). THE FIDELITY OF TRANSPORT AND CHEMISTRY IN THE BASE SIMULATION FROM 2004-2017 HAS BEEN DEMONSTRATED BY COMPARISONS WITH VARIOUS TRACE GAS RECORDS. WE WILL USE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE BASE AND FIXED SIMULATIONS TO QUANTIFY THE EFFECT OF DECLINING ODSS ON O3 DURING THE PAST 2 DECADES. WE WILL QUANTIFY INTERANNUAL VARIATIONS IN EARLY WINTER ANTARCTIC O3 (PRIOR TO THE ONSET OF DEPLETION) AND THEIR IMPACT ON ANTARCTIC SPRING O3. THIS PREVIOUSLY UNACCOUNTED FOR SOURCE OF VARIABILITY AFFECTS ESTIMATES OF OZONE HOLE RECOVERY THAT RELY ON THE TREND IN SEPTEMBER O3 MEASUREMENTS. THIS WILL RECONCILE THE REMAINING UNCERTAINTIES ABOUT DYNAMICAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO ANTARCTIC TRENDS. MLS N2O DATA SHOW LS CIRCULATION CHANGES SINCE 2004 CONSISTENT WITH INCREASING MEAN AGE IN THE NORTHERN LS AND DECREASING MEAN AGE IN THE TROPICAL UPPER STRATOSPHERE. IS THIS AN INDICATION OF CIRCULATION CHANGE OR MIGHT THESE TRENDS BE REVERSED IN A LONGER RECORD? WE WILL ADDRESS THIS USING 20+ YEAR (ONGOING) RECORDS OF COLUMN HNO3 FROM ~10 EXTRATROPICAL NDACC STATIONS. THE VARIATIONS IN THEIR ANNUAL MEAN COLUMNS QUANTIFY LS CIRCULATION VARIABILITY. NDACC HCL AND CLONO2 RECORDS FOR ~2002 FORWARD (I.E. AFTER LOSS OF METHYL CHLOROFORM) WILL BE ANALYZED FOR CONSISTENCY. THESE ANALYSES WILL SHOW WHETHER THERE HAS BEEN A NET CHANGE IN THE EXTRATROPICAL LS CIRCULATION IN EITHER HEMISPHERE SINCE THE MID-1990S. THE RESULTS WILL INDICATE HOW LONG A DATA RECORD LENGTH AND HOW LARGE A CIRCULATION TREND MUST BE TO BE DETECTED ABOVE NATURAL VARIABILITY. COMBINED WITH THE MODEL RESULTS WE WILL ESTIMATE WHEN ATTRIBUTION OF LS O3 INCREASES DUE TO DECLINING ODSS WILL BE POSSIBLE. CHEMISTRY CLIMATE MODELS (CCMS) PROJECT FUTURE STRATOSPHERIC O3 BUT SIMULATED FIELDS ARE LESS VARIABLE THAN OBSERVED IN PART BECAUSE MANY CCMS DO NOT SIMULATE THE QBO. THE GEOSCCM USES A SIMPLE PARAMETERIZATION FOR TROPICAL NON-OROGRAPHIC GRAVITY WAVE DRAG (NOGWD) AND GENERATES A QBO WITH REALISTIC PERIOD AND AMPLITUDE BUT HAS LESS DYNAMICAL VARIABILITY THAN OBSERVED. WE WILL COMPARE GEOSCCM SIMULATIONS WITH MORE REALISTIC NOGWD WITH CIRCULATION VARIABILITY OBTAINED FROM NDACC AND MLS ANALYSES AND ASSESS THE O3 SENSITIVITY TO THAT FORCING. THE DYNAMICALLY-DRIVEN COMPOSITION VARIABILITY IN THE DATA RECORDS WILL PROVIDE AN IMPORTANT BENCHMARK FOR EVALUATING CCM PERFORMANCE IN 21ST CENTURY PROJECTIONS.

CONVECTIVE TRANSPORT THROUGH THE UPPER TROPOSPHERE AND LOWER STRATOSPHERE (UT/LS) REGION REMAINS AN ACTIVE RESEARCH TOPIC DUE TO THE GREAT UNCERTAINT

WE PROPOSE TO RECOVER THESE DEM DATA AND ARCHIVE AS PDS4 COMPLIANT DATA AND RESTORE THE COMPREHENSIVE CAMERA KERNEL POINTING INFO INTO NAIF-COMPATIBLE FORMAT MAKING THESE HIGH RESOLUTION DEMS AVAILABLE TO THE PLANETARY COMMUNITY FOR THE FIRST TIME.

UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCHERS REPRESENT AN IMPORTANT SMD E/PO TARGET. THESE STUDENTS HAVE ALREADY CHOSEN STEM CAREERS AS AN AREA OF INTEREST AND NOW ARE

WE PROPOSE TO INVESTIGATE THE INTERCONTINENTAL TRANSPORT OF AEROSOLS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR REGIONAL AIR QUALITY AND CLIMATE THROUGH MODELING AND DATA

GAMMA-RAY SOURCE IDENTIFICATION: CLASSIFICATION THROUGH SOURCE PROPERTIES.

CONTINUED PARTICIPATION WITH CHEMIN MINERALOGICAL INSTRUMENT DURING THE MARS SCIENCE LABORATORY EXTENDED MISSION 4 (EM4): EXPERIMENT PLANNING DATA ANALYSIS AND MISSION OPERATIONS

TO ADDRESS THIS QUESTION WE WILL USE TOOLS OF SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY A TRANSCRIPTION-TRANSLATION SYSTEM ENCAPSULATED IN LIPOSOMES.

EXECUTE A BALANCED SCIENCE PROGRAM BASED ON DISCIPLINE-SPECIFIC GUIDANCE FROM THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES OF SCIENCES ENGINEERING AND MEDICINE ADMINISTRATION PRIORITIES AND DIRECTION FROM CONGRESS. PARTICIPATE AS A KEY PARTNER AND ENABLER IN THE AGENC

TEMPORAL EVOLUTION IN THE STYLE OF MANTLE CONVECTION ON VENUS: THE ROLE OF MANTLE LITHOSPHERE AND ATMOSPHERIC COUPLING

THE OCO-3 INSTRUMENT SCHEDULED FOR DEPLOYMENT TO THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION (ISS) WILL CONTINUE THE LEGACY OF THE OCO-2 MISSION WHILE FURTHER ADVANCING THE CAPABILITY OF URBAN EMISSION OBSERVATION. A GREAT ADVANTAGE OVER THE OCO-2 LIES IN THE OBSERVING STRATEGY OF OCO-3 FOCUSING ON CO2 PLUMES OVER CITIES (100 TARGETS PER DAY) USING ITS MAP MODE OBSERVATION CAPABILITY. FROM PREVIOUS SUPPORT THE PROPOSAL TEAM HAVE FOUND THAT THE OCO-2 UNLIKE JAPANESE GREENHOUSE GAS OBSERVING SATELLITE (GOSAT) KEPT MISSING MAJOR CITIES DUE TO THE LACK OF THE POINTING OBSERVATION CAPABILITY AND ONLY PROVIDED VERY FEW SCENES WHERE CLEAR URBAN PLUMES AND/ OR CO2 CONCENTRATION ENHANCEMENTS WERE CAPTURED. ALSO THE OCO-2 SWATH (~8 KM) IS OFTEN TOO NARROW TO CAPTURE CO2 PLUMES WHOSE SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL STRUCTURES ARE HIGHLY VARIABLE AND CAN DEPEND ON A COMPLEX MIX OF EMISSION PATTERNS AND LOCAL METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS. WITH THE MAP-MODE OBSERVATIONS THE OCO-3 SHOULD PROVIDE SIGNIFICANTLY MORE URBAN SOUNDINGS AND ALLOW US TO IMPROVE QUANTIFICATION OF URBAN CO2 EMISSIONS FROM GLOBAL CITIES. THE VARIABILITY OF OCO-3 FOOTPRINT SCALE CO2 OBSERVATIONS WILL BE THE KEY INFORMATION USED TO CONSTRAIN EMISSIONS. TO FULLY UTILIZE THESE FINE SCALE SPATIAL CO2 GRADIENTS FROM THE SPATIALLY-DENSE MAP-MODE RETRIEVALS THE RETRIEVAL TEAM WILL LIKELY NEED TO IMPLEMENT THE RETRIEVAL EVALUATION IN A DIFFERENT WAY THAN HAS BEEN DONE FOR OCO-2. THE RETRIEVAL OVER URBAN AREAS ARE OFTEN CHALLENGING DUE TO THE PRESENCE OF OPTICALLY THICK CLOUDS AND AEROSOLS WHICH RESTRICT VIEWING AND TOPOGRAPHY THAT IS UNIQUE TO EACH CITY AND REGION. CO2 FIELDS FROM ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT MODELS HAVE BEEN A VALUABLE TOOL FOR EVALUATING THE OCO-2 RETRIEVALS AND IDENTIFYING LARGE SCALE BIASES. THOSE MODELS USED ARE HOWEVER TYPICALLY RUNNING AT SEVERAL TENDS TO HUNDREDS OF KM HORIZONTAL RESOLUTIONS AND ARE NOT ABLE TO RESOLVE THE FINE SCALE URBAN CO2 VARIABILITIES AT THE OCO-2/3 FOOTPRINT SCALE IN TERMS OF METEOROLOGY OR SURFACE EMISSIONS. THIS WORK PROPOSES THE USE OF HIGH-RESOLUTION SIMULATIONS AS AN EVALUATION TOOL FOR THE OCO-3 DATA TO ENSURE THE REALISM OF URBANSCALE SPATIAL GRADIENTS. LEVERAGING THE LOCALLY CALIBRATED WRF AND HIGH-RESOLUTION GLOBAL SIMULATIONS FROM NASA'S GEOS MODEL WE WILL SUPPORT EFFORTS OF THE RETRIEVAL TEAM TO QUANTIFY BIASES AND ERRORS IN A MORE ADVANCED WAY SUPPORTING USE OF THE LEVEL 2 RETRIEVAL CODE WITH HIGH-RESOLUTION URBAN SCALE SIMULATIONS OF CO2 CLOUD AND AEROSOL FIELDS. TO EFFICIENTLY USE THE LIMITED OBSERVATION RESOURCE THIS WORK ALSO STUDIES THE OPTIMAL OBSERVATION STRATEGY BY OPTIMIZING THE GEOMETRY OF THE OCO-3 OBSERVATIONS FOR FOCUSED CITIES USING A STATE-OF-THE-ART HIGH-RESOLUTION URBAN INVERSION SYSTEM. FINALLY WE WILL PROTOTYPE A GLOBAL URBAN EMISSION INVERSION LEVERAGING ONGOING NASA'S HIGH-RESOLUTION SIMULATION CAPABILITIES AND OCO-3 DATA. THIS PROPOSAL IS DIRECTLY RESPONSIVE TO THE CALL BY PROPOSING WORK THAT PERFORMS AN ANALYSIS OF OCO-2 AND OCO-3 DATA SETS FOR UNDERSTANDING DISCRETE SOURCES OF CO2 EMISSION PARTICULARLY FOCUSING ON THE OCO-3 CAPABILITY. THROUGH THE MODEL-BASED EVALUATION THIS WORK WILL ENSURE CONSISTENT DATA QUALITY AND BETTER SCIENTIFIC INTERPRETATIONS OF THE LEVEL 2 DATA PRODUCT BETWEEN THE TWO MISSIONS BY ASSESSING RETRIEVAL BIASES ERRORS AND COVARIANCE IN THE TWO PRODUCTS RELATIVE TO KEY VARIABLES SUCH AS OBSERVATIONAL GEOMETRIES CLOUDS AND AEROSOLS. THIS WORK ALSO PERFORM NEW RESEARCH AND INNOVATIVE ANALYSES USING DATA FROM OCO-2 AND 3 COMBINED WITH OTHER SENSORS (SUOMI-NPP/VIIRS AND CALIPSO) TO ADVANCE THE SCIENCE GOALS OF OCO-2 AND 3 IN ORDER TO SIGNIFICANTLY ADVANCE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS WHICH IS A KEY COMPONENT IN THE CARBON CYCLE.

WE PROPOSE TO DEVELOP AN ALGORITHM TO DERIVE PHYTOPLANKTON COMPOSITION USING A RADIATION MODEL THAT PROVIDES HYPERSPECTRAL DATA SIMILAR TO WHAT WE EX

WE PROPOSE A 3-YEAR PROJECT TO INVESTIGATE THE IMPACT OF VERY-SHORT-LIVED (VSL) BROMOCARBONS ON ATMOSPHERIC OZONE. THE PROPOSED PROJECT WILL BE A MUL

WE PROPOSE TO INVESTIGATE THE VARIABILITY OF ANTICIPATED CHANGES IN VEGETATION PATTERNS OF PRODUCTIVITY STRUCTURE AND DISTRIBUTION ALONG THE TAIGA-TUNDRA ECOTONE (TTE). OUR PROJECT WILL USE AIRBORNE AND SPACEBORNE REMOTE SENSING DATA ON THE LOCATION EXTENT AND PATTERN OF WOODY COVER TO THE BIOME BOUNDARY TO CONTROL THE APPLICATION OF A HIGH RESOLUTION SPATIALLY EXPLICIT INDIVIDUAL-BASED GAP MODEL FOR PREDICTING THE MAGNITUDE AND VARIABILITY OF CHANGES IN STRUCTURE WITHIN THE TTE. SHIFTS IN THE TTE ARE OCCURRING AND ANTICIPATED AS ARCTIC WARMING PERSISTS THROUGH THE NEXT CENTURY (ELMENDORF ET AL. 2012 EVJU ET AL. 2012 KAARLEJARVI ET AL. 2012 DIFFENBAUGH ET AL. 2013). SOME STUDIES PREDICT THAT UP TO ~50% OF THE TUNDRA COULD BE COLONIZED BY TREES BY 2100 (IPCC 2014). HOWEVER THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF TTE CHANGE IS NONLINEAR AND HETEROGENEOUS EXHIBITING DIFFERENT RATES DIRECTIONS AND DRIVERS (E.G. PERMAFROST ELEVATION MICRO-CLIMATE SOILS ETC.). THESE AND FUTURE CHANGES DRIVEN BY MULTISCALE INFLUENCES NEED TO BE EXAMINED IN THE CONTEXT OF SITE-SCALE PATTERNS OF CURRENT STRUCTURE AND PRODUCTIVITY IN BOTH TUNDRA AND FORESTS. THE GOAL OF THIS WORK WILL BE TO EXAMINE AND QUANTIFY THE LIKELIHOOD OF PREDICTED CHANGES IN TTE FOREST STRUCTURE PATTERNS OCCURRING WITHIN THE ABOVE EXTENDED DOMAIN USING AIRBORNE IMAGERY AND LIDAR OBSERVATIONS SITE-SCALE (I.E. HIGH RESOLUTION SPATIALLY-EXPLICIT INDIVIDUAL-BASED) FOREST AND TUNDRA VEGETATION MODELING AND A LANDSAT-DERIVED MAP OF THE EXTENT&PATTERN OF THE TTE. USING THE MAPPED EXTENT OF THE TTE TO SPATIALLY GUIDE OUR MODELLING OUR SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES ARE TO: 1. PARAMETERIZE THE SPATIALLY-EXPLICIT INDIVIDUAL-BASED GAP MODEL SIBBORK FOR THE TTE FOREST STUDY SITES USING LEVERAGED FIELD DATA AND FOREST STRUCTURE DERIVED FROM LVIS AND GLIHT DATASETS. 2. IMPROVE PERMAFROST ALLOMETRY ROUTINES INTRODUCE LITTERFALL AND INTEGRATE THE ARCVEG (TUNDRA) MODEL PARAMETERS INTO THE SIBBORK (FOREST) MODEL TO EXTEND THE SIMULATION DOMAIN ACROSS THE FULL TUNDRA-TAIGA BOUNDARY AT THE INDIVIDUAL SCALE. 3. PREDICT FUTURE FOREST AND TUNDRA PRODUCTIVITY AND ECOTONE LOCATION USING CMIP6 PROJECTIONS. 4. QUANTIFY THE ABILITY OF THE TREE COVER ABRUPTNESS VARIABLE TO PREDICT PATTERNS OF TTE CHANGE. CALIBRATED WITH AN ABOVE AIRBORNE PRODUCT (LVIS) AND INITIALIZED WITH A LANDSAT-DERIVED MAP OUR MODELING FRAMEWORK WILL DELIVER THE FIRST HIGH RESOLUTION SPATIALLY-EXPLICIT FOREST AND TUNDRA MODEL THAT HAS THE CAPABILITY TO MODEL ECOTONE SHIFT ACROSS THE ABOVE STUDY DOMAIN. OUR RESEARCH WILL PROVIDE A DEEPER UNDERSTANDING OF THE CURRENT PRODUCTIVITY DYNAMICS ALONG THE TTE AND ALLOW FOR INFORMED PROGNOSTICATION ABOUT THE SHIFT IN THE EXTENT OF TREE COVER AND THE SPATIAL VARIABILITY IN THE DIRECTION RATE AND MAGNITUDE OF THESE SHIFTS.

GEOLOGY OF EUROPA'S IMPACT CRATERS: LESSONS FROM COMPARISONS TO GANYMEDE AND CALLISTO WE PROPOSE TO EXAMINE THE PHYSICAL STATE OF EUROPA S IMPACT CR

AUTOMATED IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LANDFORMS ON MARS

WE PROPOSE TO DEVELOP A GLOBAL SURFACE N02 DATASET USING TROPOSPHERIC COLUMN N02 OBSERVATIONS FROM THE E0S AURA 0ZONE MONITORING INSTRUMENT (0MI) THAT WILL SIGNIFICANTLY ENHANCE THE RELEVANCE OF NASA SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS TO TROPOSPHERIC COMPOSITION HEALTH AND AIR QUALITY STUDIES. WHILE SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS PROVIDE GREATER SPATIAL COVERAGE THAN ANY OTHER OBSERVING PLATFORM THEIR USE IN TROPOSPHERIC COMPOSITION AIR QUALITY HEALTH AND PARTICULAR CLIMATE ISSUES REMAINS TEPID DUE TO THE NEED TO CREDIBLY INFER A SURFACE CONCENTRATION OR EMISSION FLUX FROM THE ATMOSPHERIC QUANTITY RETRIEVED. INFORMATION FROM A MODEL CAN BE COMBINED WITH SATELLITE RETRIEVALS TO INFER A SURFACE CONCENTRATION A METHOD DEVELOPED BY PI LAMSAL EIGHT YEARS AGO; HOWEVER UNCERTAINTIES ASSOCIATED WITH SUCH ESTIMATES CAN BE LARGE AND HIGHLY VARIABLE OVER SPACE AND TIME. RECENTLY THE NASA EARTH VENTURE-1 DISC0VER-AQ (DERIVING INFORMATION ON SURFACE CONDITIONS FROM COLUMN AND VERTICALLY RESOLVED 0BSERVATIONS RELEVANT TO AIR QUALITY) CAMPAIGN UTILIZED AN OBSERVING STRATEGY OF SYSTEMATIC AND CONCURRENT OBSERVATIONS TO UNDERSTAND THE CORRESPONDENCE OF SATELLITE DATA WITH SURFACE OBSERVATIONS. WITH NEW CONSTRAINTS FROM THESE OBSERVATIONS THERE IS A CRITICAL NEED TO REVISIT ENHANCE AND EVALUATE OUR METHOD TO INFER SURFACE N02. THE FIDELITY OF ANY RETRIEVED PRODUCT (E.G. 0MI TROPOSPHERIC N02 COLUMN) IS DEPENDENT ON THE ASSUMPTIONS (E.G. 3D TRACE GAS DISTRIBUTION) MADE IN THE RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM. THAT IS THE RETRIEVED PRODUCT IS NOT INDEPENDENT OF THESE ASSUMPTIONS. DEFICIENCIES IN MODEL DISTRIBUTIONS OF TRACE GASES MAY BE IDENTIFIED AND IMPROVED THROUGH EVALUATION WITH INDEPENDENT DATA SUCH AS THE SUITE OF DATA COLLECTED DURING THE DISC0VER-AQ DEPLOYMENTS. THEREFORE WE PROPOSE TO (TASK 1) PERFORM EVALUATE AND REFINE HIGH-RESOLUTION MODEL SIMULATIONS FOR USE IN N02 ORBITAL AND SUB-ORBITAL N02 RETRIEVALS AND (TASK 2) PROCESS AND EVALUATE EXISTING ACAM AND GCAS N02 DATA PRODUCTS FROM DISC0VER-AQ TO PRODUCE SCIENCE-QUALITY N02 COLUMN DATA. MANY FACTORS INFLUENCE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SURFACE CONCENTRATIONS AND THE TROPOSPHERIC COLUMN FOR EXAMPLE ATMOSPHERIC STABILITY AND BOUNDARY LAYER MIXING STRENGTH HEIGHT OF THE BOUNDARY LAYER TRANSPORT FROM EMISSIONS SOURCES AND/OR LONG RANGE TRANSPORT IN THE FREE TROPOSPHERE AND CHEMICAL LIFETIME. USING THE SUITE OF OBSERVATIONS PROVIDED BY DISC0VER-AQ WITH THE ADDITION OF HIGH-RESOLUTION SUB-ORBITAL COLUMN MEASUREMENTS PROVIDED BY TASK 2 WE PROPOSE A RIGOROUS ANALYSIS OF THE OBSERVED AND SIMULATED COLUMN-SURFACE RELATIONSHIP TO QUANTIFY BOTH THE SENSITIVITIES TO THESE FACTORS AND THE POTENTIAL UNCERTAINTIES ASSOCIATED WITH PARTICULAR METEOROLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL CONDITIONS (TASK 3). RESULTS OF THIS ANALYSIS WILL INFORM THE IMPROVEMENT OF OUR CALCULATION OF SURFACE N02 FROM ORBITAL AND SUB-ORBITAL OBSERVATIONS. WE WILL GENERATE AND EVALUATE SEVERAL SURFACE N02 PRODUCTS INCLUDING THOSE DERIVED FROM USING HIGH-RESOLUTION SUB-ORBITAL MEASUREMENTS MADE DURING DISC0VER-AQ TO PROVIDE CONFIDENCE IN THE MISSION-LONG GLOBAL SURFACE N02 PRODUCT THAT WILL BE BASED ON THE 0MI STANDARD PRODUCT (TASK 4).

THE PRIMARY OBJECTIVE OF THIS PROJECT IS TO USE NASA S GODDARD EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEM (GEOS-5) ATMOSPHERIC GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL (AGCM) AND DATA

USING GLOBAL SEASONAL FORECASTS TO MAP CHIKUNGUNYA RISK

TOWARD LATTICE QCD ON QUANTUM COMPUTERS

SINCE ITS 2010 INCEPTION GSFC-BASED MODELING TEAMS HAVE CONTINUOUSLY PROVIDED COMPLETE AND PHYSICALLY CONSISTENT SET OF GLOBAL FLUX AND ATMOSPHERIC CONCENTRATION DATA PRODUCTS TO CMS.

THERE IS ABUNDANT EVIDENCE THAT SOME METEORITE PARENT BODIES MELTED SUFFICIENTLY TO PRODUCE IRON-RICH CORES. THIS INCLUDES THE EXISTENCE OF 11 CHEMIC

AEROSOL-CLOUD RADIATION INTERACTIONS CONTINUE TO BE ONE OF THE MOST UNCERTAIN COMPONENTS OF THE CLIMATE MODELS PRIMARILY DUE TO THE LACK OF ADEQUATE KNOWLEDGE OF COMPLEX MICROPHYSICAL AND RADIATIVE PROCESSES OF AEROSOL-CLOUD SYSTEMS. ONE LESS-UNDERSTOOD ASPECT OF THE PROBLEM IS WHEN AEROSOL AND CLOUDS ARE OBSERVED IN THE SAME ATMOSPHERIC COLUMN FOR INSTANCE LIGHT-ABSORBING CARBONACEOUS AND DUST PARTICLES OVERLYING LOW-LEVEL CLOUD DECKS. CONTRARY TO THE NEGATIVE RADIATIVE FORCING (COOLING) EXERTED BY THESE AEROSOLS IN CLOUD FREE SKIES OVER DARK SURFACES THE ABSORBING AEROSOLS OVER BRIGHT BACKGROUNDS SUCH AS CLOUDS AND SEA-ICE/SNOW POSE A GREAT POTENTIAL OF WARMING THE ATMOSPHERE. THIS SUBSEQUENTLY CAN HAVE A GREAT INFLUENCE ON THE ATMOSPHERIC STABILITY CLOUD FORMATION AND ITS LIFETIME AND HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE. SATELLITE IMAGES HAVE UNAMBIGUOUSLY SHOWN THE PRESENCE OF ABSORBING AEROSOL ABOVE CLOUD OVER SEVERAL REGIONS OF THE WORLD ON A MONTHLY TO SEASONAL SCALE. WE INTEND TO CONTRIBUTE TO ADDRESSING THESE ISSUES BY OFFERING TWO NOVEL LEVEL-2 GLOBAL PRODUCTS AND A RESEARCH ALGORITHM USING A SYNERGY OF A-TRAIN SENSORS. PART I OF THE RESEARCH PROPOSAL AIMS TO DELIVER THE OMI LEVEL-2 PRODUCT OF SINGLE-SCATTERING ALBEDO (SSA) OF ABSORBING AEROSOLS ABOVE CLOUDS AND AEROSOL-CORRECTED CLOUD OPTICAL DEPTH (COD) ON INSTANCES WHEN OMI IS COLLOCATED WITH CALIPSO/CALIOP. PART II IS FOCUSED ON DEVELOPING ANOTHER OMI GLOBAL LEVEL-2 PRODUCT QUANTIFYING THE RADIATIVE EFFECTS OF AEROSOLS ABOVE CLOUDS USING THE SYNERGY OF AN IMPROVED OMI-OMACA PRODUCT AND AQUA-CERES FLUX MEASUREMENTS. PART III OFFERS THE DEVELOPMENT OF A RESEARCH-LEVEL ALGORITHM TO RETRIEVE AEROSOL OPTICAL AND SURFACE PROPERTIES OF ABSORBING AEROSOLS OVER SEA-ICE/ SNOW.

THE ABOVE FIELD CAMPAIGN WILL IMPROVE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF ONE OF THE MOST DYNAMIC REGIONS ON THE PLANET THE ARCTIC BOREAL REGION ABR WHERE CHANGES IN CLIMATE ARE PROGRESSING MOST RAPIDLY AND ARE ALREADY TRIGGERING CHANGES TO ECOSYSTEM CARBON STORAGE. WHILE THE IMPORTANCE OF THE ABR IN THE GLOBAL CARBON CYCLE IS WELL ESTABLISHED OUR FUNDAMENTAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE MAGNITUDE BEHAVIOR AND FATE OF CARBON POOLS IN THIS DOMAIN REMAINS INCOMPLETE. THE FIRST ABOVE AIRBORNE CAMPAIGN WILL PROVIDE CRITICAL OBSERVATIONS NEEDED TO UNDERSTAND PERMAFROST CARBON DYNAMICS. THESE UNIQUE DATASETS COMPLEMENT EXISTING MONITORING NETWORKS THAT ARE LIMITED IN SPATIAL COVERAGE GROUND OR SPATIAL RESOLUTION SATELLITE. STRATEGICALLY INTEGRATING THE INFORMATION COLLECTED DURING THE ABOVE CAMPAIGN INTO A HIGH RESOLUTION SCALABLE AND GLOBAL LAND ATMOSPHERE MODEL IS A VITAL STEP TOWARDS ACHIEVING THE SCIENCE OBJECTIVES OF THE MISSION. WE PROPOSE TO DELIVER A HIGHLY INTEGRATED MODELING FRAMEWORK USING NASAS GEOS 5 SYSTEM THAT WILL RELY ON MULTI SCALE DATA STREAMS FROM ABOVE TO INFORM AND IMPROVE PROCESS BASED REPRESENTATION OF PERMAFROST CARBON DYNAMICS. WE WILL ADOPT A THREE PRONGED APPROACH WHICH INCLUDES A ANALYZING AND INTERPRETING THE AIRBORNE PRIMARILY THE FOUNDATIONAL MEASUREMENTS THAT WILL BE COLLECTED DURING THE 2017 ABOVE AIRBORNE CAMPAIGN B INTEGRATING THE AIRBORNE INFORMATION INTO A DYNAMIC VEGETATION MODELING FRAMEWORK LPJ WSL TAILORED FOR THE ABOVE STUDY DOMAIN AND C USING THE COUPLED HIGH RESOLUTION GEOS 5 LPJ WSL FRAMEWORK TO IMPROVE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE PERMAFROST CARBON BOTH CO2 AND CH4 EMISSIONS AND ASSOCIATED FEEDBACKS AT A VARIETY OF SPATIOTEMPORAL SCALES. IN ORDER TO MAXIMIZE THE SCIENTIFIC RETURN OF THE EARLY MISSION DATA FROM THE 2017 CAMPAIGN WE WILL ALSO LEVERAGE DATA FROM EXISTING REMOTE SENSING MISSIONS SMAP LANDSAT 7 8 OCO 2 PREVIOUS AIRBORNE CAMPAIGNS CARVE AND GROUND BASED MEASUREMENTS AS APPLICABLE. DURING THE AIRBORNE CAMPAIGN WE WILL USE GEOS 5 TO PRODUCE HIGH RESOLUTION FORECASTS OF METEOROLOGY AEROSOLS AND TRACE GASES IN NEAR REAL TIME AND SUPPORT FLIGHT PLANNING. WE WILL ALSO PROVIDE STATISTICAL ANALYSES OF CLEAR SKY CONDITIONS AND TRACE GAS PLUMES TO THE ABOVE TEAM TO GUIDE PLANNING OF THE OPTICAL FOR AVIRIS NG LVIS SENSORS IN ADVANCE OF DEPLOYMENT. THE GEOS 5 MODEL HAS CONTRIBUTED TO NUMEROUS FIELD CAMPAIGNS AND THE INCLUSION OF TRACE GAS AND AEROSOL FIELDS CAN INFORM MISSION PLANNING BY REPRESENTING EMISSIONS PROCESSES BEING TARGETED OR FACTORS THAT CAN CONFOUND MEASUREMENTS. ONGOING AND RECENT DEVELOPMENTS WITHIN THE GEOS 5 LPJ WSL FRAMEWORK ARE UNIQUELY SUITED TO ADDRESS THE SCIENCE GOALS OF ABOVE. ITS ABILITY TO RUN AT SPATIAL RESOLUTIONS OF 12 5 50 KM IS COMPARABLE TO RESOLUTIONS USED BY REGIONAL MODELS BUT BECAUSE IT IS A GLOBAL MODEL IT CAN READILY EXTEND LESSONS LEARNED TO THE PAN ARCTIC SCALE TO REALISTICALLY SIMULATE CARBON CLIMATE INTERACTIONS IN THE PRESENT AND FUTURE. BY PERFORMING RIGOROUS COMPARISONS BETWEEN AIRBORNE AND SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS THIS EFFORT WILL ALSO HELP INFORM OBSERVING STRATEGIES AND MAXIMIZE THE USE OF SATELLITE DATA IN THIS COMPLEX REGION. THE PROPOSED STUDY THUS ADDRESSES BOTH THE CONCEPTUAL BASIS FOR ABOVE AS WELL AS NASA EARTH SCIENCES STRATEGIC GOAL TO QUANTIFY AND DOCUMENT CHANGES TO THE CARBON CYCLE IN THE HIGH LATITUDES.

THE INDIAN SUB-CONTINENT (ISC) IS HOME TO 25% OF THE WORLDS POPULATION WHERE RESIDENTS ARE SUBJECTED TO ANNUAL MEAN LEVELS OFPARTICULATE POLLUTION THAT EXCEED WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION STANDARDS BY SEVEN TO TEN-FOLD. DURING THE FIRST WEEK OF NOVEMBER 2016 LEVEL OF HARMFUL PARTICULATE MATTERS MEASURED IN THE CAPITAL CITY OF INDIA WERE HIGHER THAN THOSE MEASURED DURING THE INFAMOUS 1952LONDON SMOG EVENT. THESE PARTICLES IN THE ISC NOT ONLY HARM HUMAN HEALTH AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEMS BUT THEY ALSO AFFECT REGIONAL CLIMATE BY PERTURBING EARTHS RADIATION BUDGET.THE SOURCE OF THESE AEROSOL PARTICLES INCLUDE BURNING OF FOSSIL FUELS AND BIOFUELS AS WELL AS DUST IN SOME SEASONS BUT OF PARTICULARINTEREST ARE SMOKE AEROSOLS FROM BIOMASS BURNING IN THE FORM OF CROP RESIDUES FOREST AND OPEN FIRES. DUE TO THE MULTIPLE SOURCES OFPOLLUTION THE BIOMASS BURNING CONTRIBUTION TO TOTAL AEROSOL LOADING OFTEN BECOMES A TOPIC OF DEBATE AMONG SCIENTIFIC AND REGULATORYAGENCIES. INFORMED POLICY AND DECISION-MAKING REQUIRES NEW UNDERSTANDING OF THE ROLE OF BIOMASS BURNING IN THE AEROSOL LOADING OVERTHE ISC ITS SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL CHARACTERISTICS POSSIBILITY OF LONG-TERM TRENDS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR AIR QUALITY AND CLIMATE.WE PROPOSE A COMPREHENSIVE MULTI-SENSOR AND INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDY OF THE FIRES AND SMOKE IN THE ISC MAKING USE OF A SUITE OFSTATE-OF-ART SATELLITE INSTRUMENTS (MODIS CERES VIIRS CALIPSO) UNTAPPED GROUND MEASUREMENTS (AOD PM2.5) AND NASASADVANCED MODELING AND DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM (GEOS). SPECIFICALLY WE PROPOSE TO 1) CHARACTERIZE THE FIRE PATTERNS ASSOCIATEDAEROSOL LOADING ITS SPATIAL SEASONAL AND LONG-TERM TRENDS; 2) EVALUATE COLUMN-TO-SURFACE RELATIONSHIP OF AEROSOLS DURING HIGH ANDLOW FIRE ACTIVITIES; 3) ESTIMATE THE AEROSOL RADIATIVE EFFECT AND EVALUATE THE LONG TERM CHANGES CORRESPONDING TO THE FIRES AND AEROSOLPATTERNS; 4) PERFORM MODEL SIMULATIONS TO QUANTIFY THE IMPACTS OF FIRES ON LOCAL AND REGIONAL AIR QUALITY; AND 5) CREATE AN ONLINE DATAANALYSIS AND VISUALIZATION SYSTEM FOR POLICY AND DECISION MAKERS.WE EXPECT THAT THE OUTCOME OF THE PROPOSED RESEARCH WILL HELP US ADDRESS THE SCIENTIFIC OBJECTIVE OF THIS STUDY WHICH ISHOW DOESBIOMASS BURNING IN THE ISC AFFECT AEROSOL LOADING PM2.5 CONCENTRATIONS AND AEROSOL RADIATIVE EFFECTS AND HOW DO THESE EFFECTS VARYSPATIALLY AND SEASONALLY OVER THE PAST TWO DECADES?THE PROPOSED RESEARCH PLAN ALSO PROVIDES US WITH THE OPPORTUNITY TO TAKE ON SEVERAL CHALLENGES INCLUDING: 1) SEPARATING BIOMASSBURNINGSIGNAL FROM TOTAL AEROSOL LOADING IN THE ATMOSPHERE; 2) RETRIEVAL UNCERTAINTIES ASSOCIATED WITH SATELLITE PRODUCTS; 3) LIMITEDGROUND MEASUREMENTS FOR VALIDATION; 4) CHALLENGES ASSOCIATED WITH EMISSION INVENTORIES IN MODEL SIMULATIONS AND FINALLY DELIVERINGA COMPREHENSIVE DATA VISUALIZATION SYSTEM WHICH ENCOURAGES INFORMED POLICY AND DECISION MAKING ACTIVITIES FOR THE SUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENT OF THE REGION. WE ARE CONFIDENT THAT THE PROPOSAL TEAM IS WELL EQUIPPED AND CAPABLE TO CARRY OUT THE PROPOSED WORKWITHIN THE STIPULATED TIME PERIOD.

WE PROPOSE A RESEARCH PROGRAM TO LAUNCH BALLOONSONDES TO PROFILE WATER VAPOR AND OZONE AS WELL AS WINDS AND TEMPERATURE AS PART OF THE SEAC4RS MISSIO

LUNAR PYROCLASTIC DEPOSITS: WINDOWS TO THE LUNAR INTERIORS THE GOAL OF THIS NEW, 3-YEAR RESEARCH PROGRAM IS TO ADVANCE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE NUMB

OVERVIEW ENCLOSED IS A MODIFIED WORK PLAN WITH A SCOPE THAT CAN BE ACCOMPLISHED WITHIN THE PLANNED FUNDING LEVEL FOR THIS INVESTIGATION. OWING TO PROGRAMMATIC CONSIDERATIONS AND CONSTRAINTS THE PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE FOR THIS PROJECT WAS REDUCED FROM 3 YEARS TO 2 YEARS AND IT WAS FUNDED AT A SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER LEVEL THAN ORIGINALLY PROPOSED. IN REVISING OUR WORK PLAN WE HAVE CAREFULLY REVIEWED THE PANEL EVALUATION COMMENTS AND ALSO WORKED WITH OUR CO-INVESTIGATORS TO DETERMINE HOW BEST TO PROCEED. IT WAS DETERMINED THAT THE TASKS ORIGINALLY PROPOSED BY THE USGS TEAM MEMBERS COULD NOT BE SUPPORTED UNDER THE REVISED BUDGET. THE USGS TEAM MEMBERS (GADDIS HAGERTY AND OSTRACH) WILL REMAIN PART OF THE PROJECT AS COLLABORATORS AND WILL CONTINUE TO CONTRIBUTE TO THE PROPOSED INTERPRETATIONS. THE MAPPING AND COMPOSITIONAL TASKS REQUIRING SIGNIFICANT WORK EFFORT HOWEVER WERE SHIFTED TO THE PI (STOPAR). UNFORTUNATELY THE THORIUM FORWARD MODELING TASK WAS DEEMED INFEASIBLE WITHIN THE NEW CONSTRAINTS. THE ORIGINALLY PROPOSED EXPLORATION TASK WAS ALSO DESCOPED DUE TO THE REDUCED TIME CONSTRAINTS. IT WAS FURTHER DETERMINED THAT THE NUMBER OF GEOLOGIC FEATURES THAT COULD BE EXAMINED IN THE SHORTENED TIME PERIOD WOULD NEED TO BE LESS THAN ORIGINALLY PROPOSED. OTHERWISE THE PROPOSED TASKS AND SCIENCE OBJECTIVES REMAIN UNCHANGED AND WE BELIEVE WE CAN STILL MAKE SIGNIFICANT PROGRESS IN UNDERSTANDING THE DIVERSITY OF THE IRREGULAR MARE PATCHES AND THEIR ORIGINS. THE DESCOPE SCIENCE OBJECTIVES ARE OUTLINED BELOW. WE ARE APPRECIATIVE OF THE PROGRAM OFFICERS WILLINGNESS TO WORK WITH US AS WE REVISED THIS PROPOSAL.

IN THE PROPOSED WORK WE WILL DEVELOP TECHNIQUES THAT CAN BE UTILIZED BOTH FOR ENHANCING ASTROPHYSICS AND EARTH SCIENCE MEASUREMENTS AND DEVELOP TECHNOLOGICAL TOOLS FOR APPLICATIONS IN QUANTUM COMMUNICATION INFORMATION AND QUANTUM COMPUTATION.

WE PROPOSE TO ENHANCE THE GEOS-5 SUBSEASONAL TO SEASONAL (S2S) FORECAST CAPABILITIES BY INTEGRATING OCEAN BIOGEOCHEMISTRY INTO THE CURRENT FORECASTING SYSTEM. USING THE NASA OCEAN BIOGEOCHEMICAL MODEL (NOBM) ALREADY IMPLEMENTED INTO GMAO S GEOS-5 EARTH SYSTEM MODEL WE WILL DEVELOP A FORECAST SYSTEM FOR GLOBAL OCEAN BIOLOGY. THIS NEW DEVELOPMENT CAN IMPROVE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE SEASONAL AND INTERANNUAL CHANGES IN THE BIOLOGY RECRUITMENT OF HIGHER TROPHIC LEVELS AND IMPROVE OCEAN HEAT CONTENT REPRESENTATION IN THE OCEANS. THIS PROPOSAL DIRECTLY CONTRIBUTES TO IMPROVING THE PREDICTABILITY IN THE EARTH SYSTEM AREA CALLED IN THE MAP SOLICITATION. THE GEOS-5 AND NOBM WILL BE FORCED USING THE SEASONAL FORECAST OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEAN CONDITIONS DEVELOPED AS PART OF THE GMAO CORE WORK. THE FORECAST SKILLS WILL BE EVALUATED USING RETROSPECTIVE FORECASTS AND COMPARING THESE TO SATELLITE OCEAN COLOR DATA. THESE RETROSPECTIVE FORECASTS WILL BE USED TO QUANTIFY THE UNCERTAINTIES IN THE FORECAST OF OCEAN BIOGEOCHEMISTRY AT LEAD TIMES FROM WEEKS TO 9-MONTHS. A FOCUS OF THIS STUDY WILL BE IN ASSESSING THE SKILLS OF THIS FORECAST IN PREDICTING THE OCCURRENCE OF EL NI O SOUTHERN OSCILLATION EVENTS ON PHYTOPLANKTON CONCENTRATION IN THE PACIFIC OCEAN AS WELL AS THE PHYSICAL AND NUTRIENT CONDITIONS LEADING TO THESE EVENTS. THIS EFFORT CAN POTENTIALLY ASSIST IN UNDERSTANDING AND FORECASTING BIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS RELATED TO COMMERCIAL FISHERIES IMPROVE FORECASTING OF TEMPERATURE AND HEAT CONTENT IN THE OCEANS AND HELP GUIDE NEW NASA FIELD PROGRAMS.

NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX=NO+NO2) PRODUCED DURING COMBUSTION PROCESSES ARE DESIGNATED AS CRITERIA POLLUTANTS BY THE US ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (EPA) DUE TO THEIR NEGATIVE EFFECTS ON PUBLIC HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT. THEY ARE PRECURSORS OF OZONE AND PARTICULAR MATTER BOTH OF WHICH ARE ALSO CRITERIA POLLUTANTS THAT HAVE IMPORTANT IMPLICATIONS FOR AIR QUALITY CROP YIELDS AND CLIMATE. WHILE SEVERAL SPACE-BASED INSTRUMENTS HAVE MADE NO2 OBSERVATIONS OVER THE PAST 20+ YEARS THE SATELLITE-BASED NO2 DATASETS HAVE RARELY BEEN ANALYZED TOGETHER IN A SYSTEMATIC WAY DUE TO ALGORITHMIC INSTRUMENTAL AND OBSERVATIONAL DIFFERENCES. WE PROPOSE TO DEVELOP CONSISTENT LONG-TERM GLOBAL DATA RECORDS OF TROPOSPHERIC AND STRATOSPHERIC NO2 COLUMNS AS WELL AS VALUE ADDED SURFACE NO2 CONCENTRATIONS AND ANTHROPOGENIC NOX EMISSIONS BY APPLYING OUR MATURE NO2 ALGORITHMS DEVELOPED FOR THE NASA EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEM (EOS) AURA OZONE MONITORING INSTRUMENT (OMI) TO SIMILAR SATELLITE SPECTROMETERS INCLUDING HERITAGE CONCURRENT AND UPCOMING INSTRUMENTS THAT OBSERVE AT DIFFERENT TIMES OF DAY. OVER THE PAST 12 YEARS OUR NASA OMI SCIENCE TEAM HAS DEVELOPED IMPLEMENTED AND MAINTAINED THE OFFICIAL NASA OMI NO2 PRODUCT. OUR OMI NO2 PRODUCT ARCHIVED AT THE NASA GODDARD EARTH SCIENCES DATA AND INFORMATION SERVICES CENTER (GES-DISC) HAS BEEN WIDELY USED TO QUANTIFY TROPOSPHERIC POLLUTION LEVELS STUDY DECADAL WORLD-WIDE CHANGES IN NO2 EVALUATE CHEMICAL TRANSPORT MODELS INFER NOX EMISSIONS AND STUDY NOX CHEMISTRY AND LIFETIME. OMI NO2 IS ONE OF THE MOST WIDELY UTILIZED AURA DATASETS WITH OVER 400 RESEARCH ARTICLES. THE PAPER DESCRIBING OUR VERSION 2 NO2 DATA SET (BUCSELA ET AL. 2013) IS THE SECOND MOST DOWNLOADED PAPER IN THE HISTORY OF THE JOURNAL ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES. THE NUMBER OF USERS SCIENCE APPLICATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS FROM THESE DATA CONTINUES TO GROW. OUR TEAM S COMBINED EXPERTISE AND DEMONSTRATED ABILITY TO DELIVER TIMELY AND QUALITY PRODUCTS TO THE COMMUNITY (E.G. OPERATIONAL LEVEL 1 CALIBRATION LEVEL 2 NO2 AND CLOUD RETRIEVAL ALGORITHMS AND ATMOSPHERIC MODELING) PROVIDE CONFIDENCE THAT THE PRIMARY OBJECTIVES OF THIS PROPOSAL WILL BE MET IN A TIMELY MANNER: OBJECTIVE #1: ADAPT OMI OPERATIONAL ALGORITHMS TO OTHER SATELLITE INSTRUMENTS AND CREATE AND ARCHIVE CONSISTENT MULTI-SATELLITE LEVEL-2 AND LEVEL 3 NO2 PRODUCTS. WE WILL ADAPT OUR WELL-VALIDATED OMI NO2 CLOUD AND GEOMETRY-DEPENDENT SURFACE REFLECTIVITY RETRIEVAL ALGORITHMS TO PRIOR AND CONTEMPORANEOUS SATELLITE INSTRUMENTS THAT INCLUDE GLOBAL OZONE MONITORING EXPERIMENT (GOME 1996-2003) SCANNING IMAGING ABSORPTION SPECTROMETER FOR ATMOSPHERIC CHARTOGRAPHY (SCIAMACHY 2002-2012) GOME-2 (2007-PRESENT) AND TROPOSPHERIC MONITORING INSTRUMENT (TROPOMI EXPECTED LAUNCH IN AUGUST 2017). THE PROPOSED ADAPTATION OF THE OMI L2 ALGORITHMS TO THESE INSTRUMENTS WILL PROVIDE A SELF-CONSISTENT LONG-TERM RECORDS IDEALLY SUITED FOR ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL TRENDS DIURNAL CHANGES IN NO2 COLUMNS AND NOX EMISSIONS. OBJECTIVE #2: EVALUATE DATA SETS DEVELOPED IN OBJECTIVE #1 FOR CONSISTENCY. WE WILL ASSESS MULTI-SATELLITE DATA FROM OBJECTIVE #1 USING INDEPENDENT OBSERVATIONS FROM GROUND-BASED AND IN-SITU SENSORS AND CHARACTERIZE MULTI-SATELLITE CONSISTENCY ACCOUNTING FOR CHANGES IN SATELLITE FOOTPRINT SIZES AND NO2 DIURNAL CYCLES. WE WILL CONDUCT MULTI-SENSOR CROSS-CALIBRATION ANALYSES BY 1) DETERMINING VICARIOUS CALIBRATION ADJUSTMENT FACTORS 2) SYSTEMATICALLY EVALUATING THE TEMPORAL STABILITY OF THE SATELLITE SPECTROMETERS AND 3) ASSESSING THE ACCURACY OF DERIVED PRODUCTS AND THEIR CONSISTENCY. OBJECTIVE #3: GENERATE AND ARCHIVE HIGHER LEVEL (L4) PRODUCTS. USING THE OUTCOMES FROM OBJECTIVES #1 AND #2 AND RECENT ADVANCES IN NASA S MODELING CAPABILITIES WE WILL GENERATE HIGHER LEVEL 4 PRODUCTS TO ENABLE NEW SCIENCE AND APPLIED PROJECTS: SURFACE NO2 CONCENTRATIONS AND NOX EMISSIONS.

EVALUATION OF HINDLIMB SUSPENSION AS A MODEL TO STUDY OPHTHALMIC COMPLICATION IN MICROGRAVITY. AN ANIMAL GROUND-ANALOG IS PROPOSED FOR VALIDATION AS

THE OVERALL GOAL OF THIS PROJECT IS TO DEFINE THE DEGREE TO WHICH COMBINING INFORMATION FROM TWO RECENT AND COMPLEMENTARY NASA SATELLITE SENSORS PROVIDE 1. QUANTITATIVE AND COMPELLING INFORMATION ON ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONING AND STRUCTURE; 2. EARLY WARNING AND PREDICTION CAPABILITY FOR CARBON CYCLECLIMATE FEEDBACKS AND 3. IMPROVEMENTS IN OUR ABILITY TO RECONCILE CARBON FLUX ESTIMATES FROM A BOTTOM UP AND TOP DOWN PERSPECTIVE. WE WILL USE EARLY MISSION DATA FROM BOTH SMAP AND OCO2 TOMAKE PRELIMINARY ESTIMATES THAT WILL BECOME MORE MATURE AS LONGER TIME SERIES ACCUMULATE. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES AND STEPS TARGETED TO ADDRESS THIS OVERALL GOAL ARE AS FOLLOWS. 1. ASSESS THE BENEFIT OF SMAP DERIVED FREEZE OR THAW AND SOIL MOISTURE STATE IN IMPROVING ESTIMATES OF ECOSYSTEM CARBON EXCHANGE AND IN EXPLAINING OBSERVED TRENDS IN ATMOSPHERIC CO2 VARIABILITY IN THE NORTHERN HIGH LATITUDES. 2. UTILIZE SMAP SOIL MOISTURE INFORMATION TO IDENTIFY DROUGHT OR WATER STRESS EVENTS AND TO EVALUATE REPRESENTATION OF ECOSYSTEM PRODUCTIVITY WITHIN LAND SURFACE MODELS DURING SUCH EVENTS. 3. RECONCILE BOTTOM UP AND TOP DOWN ESTIMATES OF TERRESTRIAL CARBON FLUXES AT A VARIETY OF SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL SCALES

COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: CHICXULUB IMPACT EFFECTS AND THE RECOVERY OF LIFE USING SCIENTIFIC DRILLING INVESTIGATIONS AT GROUND ZERO

ESTIMATING THE SUBSEASONAL FORECAST SKILL IN THE NASA GEOS-5 SYSTEM WITH A FOCUS ON THE MADDEN JULIAN OSCILLATION AND THE LAND SURFACE MEMORY FEEDBAC