Santa Fe Institute

A BROAD RESEARCH PROGRAM IN THE SCIENCES OF COMPLEXITY

FIBR: THE EMERGENCE OF LIFE: FROM GEOCHEMISTRY TO THE GENETIC CODE

SEMANTIC WEB INFORMATICS FOR SPECIES IN SPACE AND TIME

TAS::57 3600::TAS "STATISTICAL INFERENCE FOR DETECTING STRUCTURES AND ANOMALIES IN NETWORKS" DATED 15 DEC 11, REVISED 14 AUG 12

CS 10K: NEW MEXICO COMPUTER SCIENCE FOR ALL (NM CSFORALL)

UROL:EN: TOWARDS A UNIFIED THEORY OF REGULATORY FUNCTIONS AND NETWORKS ACROSS BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL SYSTEMS -COMPLEX ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES RANGE FROM THE VERY SMALL (SUCH AS CELLS) TO THE VERY LARGE (SUCH AS A SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT), AND MAINTAINING THESE STRUCTURES REQUIRES A LOT OF ENERGY AND RESOURCES. CONSIDER, FOR EXAMPLE, THE PART OF THE US LEGAL SYSTEM THAT IS DEVOTED TO HANDLING LAWSUITS AND RESOLVING CONFLICTS. THE STRUCTURE OF THE LEGAL SYSTEM INCLUDES THE LAW ITSELF, THE ATTORNEYS, JUDGES, AND ALL THE OTHER PEOPLE INVOLVED IN BRINGING A LAWSUIT FORWARD AND ENSURING THAT IT IS RESOLVED. AS A RESULT, US COMPANIES SPEND A LOT OF FUNDS ON LITIGATION ALONE. IN US COLLEGES, ADMINISTRATIVE SPENDING IS COMPARABLE WITH INSTRUCTIONAL SPENDING AND HAS BEEN CITED AS A KEY FACTOR IN THE INCREASING TUITION OF US UNIVERSITIES. THE CONTINUING GROWTH OF THESE KINDS OF COSTS IS A MAJOR CHALLENGE, BUT THEY AREN'T UNDERSTOOD VERY WELL. WHEN THESE COSTS ARE STUDIED, THEY ARE OFTEN VIEWED AS HIDDEN OR UNINTENDED EXPENSES THAT ARE UNIQUE TO THE SYSTEMS IN WHICH THEY ARE FOUND. THE RESEARCH SUPPORTED BY THIS GRANT DEVELOPS A UNIFIED THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK FOR STUDYING REGULATORY MECHANISMS ACROSS DIFFERENT KINDS OF SYSTEMS, FROM SINGLE CELLS TO ENTIRE SOCIETIES. THE RESEARCH IMPROVES SOCIETY BY SUGGESTING WAYS TO MAKE THE ORGANIZATION OF INSTITUTIONS, SUCH AS COMPANIES, UNIVERSITIES AND GOVERNMENTS, MORE EFFICIENT. REGULATORY FUNCTIONS AND MECHANISMS ARE A NECESSARY, ESSENTIAL, AND UBIQUITOUS FEATURE ACROSS ALL BIOLOGICAL, SOCIAL, AND MECHANICAL SYSTEMS. BACTERIA HAVE REGULATORY GENES, COMPANIES HAVE MANAGERS, AND CAR ENGINES HAVE ENGINE CONTROL UNITS. INDEED, THE CHALLENGE FOR ALL COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS THAT AIM TO SURVIVE IN MULTI-FACETED AND COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENTS IS TO OPTIMALLY MANAGE INTERNAL FUNCTIONS AND INTERACTIONS. THE PRESENCE OF REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN COMPLEX SYSTEMS IS THEREFORE A UNIVERSAL RULE OF LIFE, AND NETWORK STRUCTURES EMERGE UNDER THE RULE OF LIFE. THIS GRANT DEVELOPS A UNIFIED SCIENCE OF REGULATORY FUNCTIONS AND THEIR ASSOCIATED EMERGENT STRUCTURES TO ANSWER QUESTIONS SUCH AS: WHAT CAUSES AN INCREASE IN REGULATORY COSTS? CAN WE PREDICT THE AMOUNT OF REGULATORY COSTS AN ORGANISM OR ORGANIZATION NEEDS, BASED ON ITS SIZE, FUNCTION, AND COMPLEXITY? IS IT NECESSARY TO GROW THE ADMINISTRATIVE OR REGULATORY FUNCTIONS OF A SYSTEM TO ENSURE THE CONTINUED FUNCTIONING OF THE SYSTEM, OR IS IT AN UNNECESSARY BURDEN? THIS RESEARCH DEVELOPS SCIENTIFIC MEASUREMENTS TO DETERMINE THE APPROPRIATE OR OPTIMAL SIZE AND NETWORK STRUCTURE OF BUREAUCRACY FOR A SYSTEM TO PERFORM ITS TASKS. THE RESEARCH TAKES PLACE IN TWO STEPS: 1) GATHERING AND ORGANIZING DATASETS THAT SPAN BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL SYSTEMS; AND 2) USING THESE DATASETS TO DEVELOP A THEORY FOR REGULATORY STRUCTURES ACROSS A WIDE RANGE OF SYSTEMS. THE THEORY WILL START FROM A MATHEMATICAL FRAMEWORK THAT DESCRIBES COST AS A FUNCTION OF THE SIZE AND COMPLEXITY OF A SYSTEM AND INTEGRATE THIS THEORY WITH NEW RESULTS AND MODELS OF THE FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY OF ORGANIZATIONS AND THEIR STRUCTURES. THIS AWARD REFLECTS NSF'S STATUTORY MISSION AND HAS BEEN DEEMED WORTHY OF SUPPORT THROUGH EVALUATION USING THE FOUNDATION'S INTELLECTUAL MERIT AND BROADER IMPACTS REVIEW CRITERIA.- SUBAWARDS ARE NOT PLANNED FOR THIS AWARD.

INSPIRE: TRADEOFFS IN THE THERMODYNAMICS OF COMPUTATION: A NEW PARADIGM FOR BIOLOGICAL INFORMATION-PROCESSING

EVENT-DRIVEN GAME THEORY FOR AVIATION SAFETY THE PRIMARY GOAL OF THIS PROJECT IS TO DEVELOP A SET OF METHODOLOGIES FOR MAKING QUANTITATIVE PREDICTION

IBSS-L: INFORMATION NETWORKS AND THE EVOLUTION OF SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS

BIGDATA: F: COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: MINING FOR PATTERNS IN GRAPHS AND HIGH-DIMENSIONAL DATA: ACHIEVING THE LIMITS

STRATEGIES: GUTS Y GIRLS

ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL DRIVERS OF STRESS AND CONFLICT IN MULTI-SCALE MODELS OF HUMAN SOCIAL BEHAVIOR

EVENT-DRIVEN GAME THEORY FOR PREDICTING DYNAMICS OF SOCIAL SYSTEMS

CNH: SOCIO-ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS OF HUMAN-NATURAL NETWORKS ON MODEL ISLANDS

CONVERGENCE: ROL - RCN FOR EXPLORATION OF LIFE'S ORIGINS

AI INSTITUTE: PLANNING: FOUNDATIONS OF INTELLIGENCE IN NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL SYSTEMS

FORMATION OF BELIEFS ABOUT SCIENTIFIC ISSUES: THE CASE OF GM FOODS

NETWORK CONFLICT THEORY: EMPIRICALLY-BASED MODELS OF CONFLICT DYNAMICS AND EFFECTIVE CONFLICT MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES

RCN: AUGMENTING INTELLIGENCE THROUGH COLLECTIVE LEARNING -THE GOAL OF THIS PROJECT IS TO CREATE A MULTIDISCIPLINARY NETWORK OF RESEARCHERS TO EXPLORE THE POTENTIAL AND CHALLENGES OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN FOSTERING COLLECTIVE LEARNING. COLLECTIVE LEARNING, DEFINED AS THE ABILITY OF HUMAN GROUPS TO ADAPT COGNITIVE STRATEGIES AND SOCIAL NETWORKS TO LEARN FROM EACH OTHER, IS ESSENTIAL IN TODAY'S RAPIDLY EVOLVING WORLD. BY EXAMINING COLLECTIVE LEARNING THROUGH THE LENS OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES, THE PROJECT WILL DEVELOP A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK TO GUIDE THE DESIGN OF TECHNOLOGY-ENHANCED LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS, CREATE TOOLS TO STUDY COLLECTIVE LEARNING IN VARIOUS CONTEXTS, AND DESIGN TECHNOLOGICAL PLATFORMS THAT PROMOTE EFFECTIVE COLLECTIVE FUNCTIONING. THESE EFFORTS SUPPORT EDUCATION, FOSTER DIVERSITY, AND BENEFIT SOCIETY BY IMPROVING COORDINATED ACTION AND DECISION-MAKING PROCESSES. THE PROJECT'S OUTCOMES WILL PROVIDE THE GROUNDWORK FOR ADDRESSING CRITICAL CONTEMPORARY OBSTACLES SUCH AS MISINFORMATION, CONFLICTING AGENDAS, AND SOCIAL FRAGMENTATION THAT HINDER COLLECTIVE EFFORTS TO TACKLE GLOBAL CHALLENGES, INCLUDING CLIMATE CHANGE, DISTRUST IN SCIENCE, POLITICAL INSTABILITY, AND ECONOMIC INEQUALITY. THE PROJECT IS STRUCTURED AROUND THREE INTERCONNECTED THEMES. THE FIRST THEME FOCUSES ON DEVELOPING A THEORETICAL BASE THAT INTEGRATES EXISTING COLLECTIVE ADAPTATION FRAMEWORKS WITH HUMAN-AI SYSTEMS. THIS FRAMEWORK WILL ADDRESS CHALLENGES SUCH AS MULTI-TASK SATISFICING, PATH DEPENDENCE, AND COLLECTIVE MYOPIA, CONSIDERING THE INFLUENCE OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES ON COLLECTIVE LEARNING PROCESSES. THE SECOND THEME EXPLORES HOW ONLINE RESEARCH PLATFORMS, COMBINED WITH AI AGENTS, CAN BE UTILIZED TO INVESTIGATE THE DYNAMICS OF COLLECTIVE LEARNING. IT INVOLVES DEVELOPING AND COORDINATING PLATFORMS TO STUDY THE CO-EVOLUTION OF SOCIAL LEARNING STRATEGIES, NETWORK STRUCTURES, AND THE PROBLEMS FACED BY COLLECTIVES. THE INTEGRATION OF AI AGENTS IN THESE PLATFORMS AIMS TO MITIGATE CHALLENGES SUCH AS PARTICIPANTS BEING OVERBURDENED AND TO ENABLE LARGE-SCALE EXPERIMENTS ON INTERACTIONS BETWEEN HUMAN AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE. THIS THEME ALSO EXAMINES POTENTIAL CHALLENGES IN USING AI, SUCH AS ENSURING THE RELIABILITY OF AI AGENTS, ADDRESSING POTENTIAL BIASES IN AI BEHAVIOR, AND MAINTAINING ETHICAL STANDARDS IN AI-HUMAN INTERACTIONS. THE THIRD THEME COMBINES INSIGHTS FROM THE FIRST TWO THEMES TO DESIGN AND IMPLEMENT PLATFORMS THAT FACILITATE EFFECTIVE COLLABORATION, KNOWLEDGE SHARING, AND DECISION-MAKING. THE GOAL IS TO CREATE DIGITAL SPACES THAT ENHANCE TRUST AND COLLECTIVE EFFICACY, ULTIMATELY LEADING TO MORE BENEFICIAL SOCIETAL OUTCOMES. THE SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF THIS PROJECT WILL OVERCOME DISCIPLINARY SILOS, ADDRESS U.S.-CENTRIC RESEARCH LIMITATIONS, LEVERAGE NEW TECHNOLOGIES TO FOSTER DIVERSE, INCLUSIVE COLLABORATIONS, AND BRIDGE THE GAP BETWEEN ACADEMIC RESEARCH AND REAL-WORLD COMMUNITY NEEDS. THIS AWARD REFLECTS NSF'S STATUTORY MISSION AND HAS BEEN DEEMED WORTHY OF SUPPORT THROUGH EVALUATION USING THE FOUNDATION'S INTELLECTUAL MERIT AND BROADER IMPACTS REVIEW CRITERIA.- SUBAWARDS ARE NOT PLANNED FOR THIS AWARD.

LEVERAGE AND SYSTEMIC RISK

IRES TRACK II: COMPLEXITY ADVANCED STUDIES INSTITUTE - GERMANY, AUSTRIA, ITALY, NETHERLANDS (COMPLEXITY-GAINS)

MOD: MODELING THE DYNAMICS OF TECHNOLOGICAL EVOLUTION

FIRST-PASSAGE AND NON-EQUILIBRIUM DYNAMICS OF MANY-BODY SYSTEMS

NON-EQUILIBRIUM COLLECTIVE PHENOMENA

WISDOM-OF-CROWDS APPROACHES FOR IMPROVING PREDICTIONS FROM SURVEYS

REU SITE: QUANTITATIVE RULES OF LIFE: GENERAL THEORIES ACROSS BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS -THIS REU SITE AWARD TO THE SANTA FE INSTITUTE (SFI), LOCATED IN SANTA FE, NM, WILL SUPPORT THE TRAINING OF 8 STUDENTS FOR 10 WEEKS DURING THE SUMMERS OF 2024-2026. IT IS ANTICIPATED THAT A TOTAL OF 24 STUDENTS, PRIMARILY FROM SCHOOLS WITH LIMITED RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES OR FROM AN UNDER-REPRESENTED GROUP, WILL BE TRAINED IN THE PROGRAM. STUDENTS CHOSEN FOR THIS PROGRAM WILL HAVE A UNIQUE OPPORTUNITY TO PARTICIPATE IN FRONTIER RESEARCH CENTERED ON THE QUANTITATIVE RULES OF LIFE. THE INDEPENDENCE AND AGENCY AFFORDED BY THE PROGRAM WILL EXPOSE STUDENT RESEARCHERS TO KEY QUESTIONS AND EMERGING RESEARCH DIRECTIONS, ENGAGE THEM IN NOVEL, IMPACTFUL RESEARCH, AND ENCOURAGE THE PURSUIT OF THEIR SCIENTIFIC IDEAS. SFI WILL PROVIDE A NETWORK OF COLLABORATION AND SUPPORT EXTENDING BEYOND THE PROGRAM. AN ONLINE TOOL WILL BE USED TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PROGRAM. THE PROGRAM AIMS TO MEET THE FRONTIER OF BIOLOGY BY DEVELOPING NEW CROSS-CUTTING THEORETICAL TOOLS THAT DRAW ON COMPUTER SCIENCE, PHYSICS, AND MATHEMATICS. DEFINING AND UNDERSTANDING THE QUANTITATIVE RULES OF LIFE REQUIRES INPUT FROM MANY DISCIPLINES, AND SFI IS AN IDEAL HOME FOR SUCH INTEGRATION AS A RECOGNIZED LEADER IN INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH. STUDENTS WILL HAVE OWNERSHIP OVER THE DIRECTION AND APPROACHES OF THEIR PROJECT AND BE GUIDED THROUGH THE RESEARCH PROCESS BY ONE OF OUR EXPERT MENTORS FROM AMONG SFI?S FACULTY. STUDENTS WILL EXPAND THEIR UNDERSTANDING OF THE EMERGING AND DIVERSE SCIENCE OF UNIVERSAL LAWS IN BIOLOGY AND CONTRIBUTE TO MERITORIOUS, FRONTIER RESEARCH. THIS PROGRAM WILL TRAIN STUDENTS TO APPLY COMMON THEORETICAL PRINCIPLES TO IDENTIFY LAWS THAT REGULATE MULTIPLE SCALES OF BIOLOGY, FROM SINGLE CELLS TO ORGANISMS AND ENTIRE ECOSYSTEMS. STUDENTS WILL BE SELECTED BY THE MENTOR POOL AND THE EDUCATION OFFICE AT THE SANTA FE INSTITUTE. THIS AND OTHER STUDENT OPPORTUNITIES CAN BE FOUND VIA THE NSF ETAP SYSTEM. THIS PROJECT IS JOINTLY FUNDED BY THE DIVISION OF BIOLOGICAL INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE DIRECTORATE OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND THE ESTABLISHED PROGRAM TO STIMULATE COMPETITIVE RESEARCH (EPSCOR). THIS AWARD REFLECTS NSF'S STATUTORY MISSION AND HAS BEEN DEEMED WORTHY OF SUPPORT THROUGH EVALUATION USING THE FOUNDATION'S INTELLECTUAL MERIT AND BROADER IMPACTS REVIEW CRITERIA.- SUBAWARDS ARE NOT PLANNED FOR THIS AWARD.

EXPLORATION-EXPLOITATION TRADEOFF AND OPINION DIVERSITY IN REAL-WORLD GROUPS

REU SITE: COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS

INFLUENCE OF PEERS ON BELIEFS ABOUT VACCINATION AND GM FOOD: MECHANISMS AND INTERVENTIONS

REU SITE: COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS

THE ROLE OF INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIAL NETWORKS IN THE FORMATION AND CHANGE OF BELIEFS

REU SITE: SFI'S TRAN-SDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH THROUGH COMPUTATIONAL MODELING IN THE SOCIAL BIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL SCIENCES PROGRAM

WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT IN COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS

EAGER: DEVELOPING A UNIFIED FRAMEWORK FOR THE DYNAMICS AND STRUCTURE OF ORGANISMS, CITIES AND COMPANIES

EAGER:STOCHASTIC THERMODYNAMICS OF DISTRIBUTED COMPUTATION -SOCIETY IS WITNESSING EXPLOSIVE GROWTH IN THE DEPLOYMENT OF DISTRIBUTED COMPUTATIONAL SYSTEMS, ESPECIALLY IN NETWORKED SYSTEM ARCHITECTURES, AND THEIR ACCOMPANYING SOFTWARE PROTOCOLS. ONE OF THE MAIN PERFORMANCE CHALLENGES IN THESE SYSTEMS IS POOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY; THEY DISSIPATE TOO MUCH HEAT. SIMILARLY, A MAJOR GOAL OF CHIP DESIGN HAS BEEN TO MINIMIZE THE HEAT DISSIPATION OF INDIVIDUAL NANOSCALE COMPONENTS AND/OR TO APPLY PHENOMENOLOGICAL LAWS TO REDUCE THE HEAT DISSIPATION OF THE GLOBAL ARCHITECTURE. HOWEVER, THEORETICAL COMPUTER SCIENCE RESEARCH HAS FOCUSED ON THE DESIGN OF ALGORITHMS THAT MINIMIZE TIME AND MEMORY COSTS PER COMPUTATION. TO DATE THERE HAS BEEN LITTLE USE OF FIRST PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICS TO ANALYZE HOW THE GLOBAL STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF COMPUTERS AFFECTS THEIR HEAT DISSIPATION. THUS, THE GOAL OF THE PROPOSED RESEARCH IS TO DEVELOP AN UNDERSTANDING OF HOW THE PHYSICAL FEATURES OF A DISTRIBUTED COMPUTATIONAL SYSTEM (E.G., COMMUNICATION RATES, NETWORK TOPOLOGY, AND HETEROGENEITY) AFFECT ITS PERFORMANCE, SPECIFICALLY THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ITS HEAT DISSIPATION, SPACE AND TIME RESOURCE COSTS, ROBUSTNESS, SPEED, AND COMPUTATIONAL POWER. BESIDES THE TECHNICAL WORK THE PROJECT WILL ALSO UNDERTAKE: (I) OUTREACH VIA NEW COURSEWORK IN THE CONTEXT OF THIS PROJECT, (II) SUPPORT OF MENTORING STUDENTS/POSTDOCS THEREBY INCREASING THE POOL OF TECHNICALLY TRAINED WORKFORCE, AND (III) PUBLIC AND MEDIA OUTREACH FOR INCREASING PUBLIC UNDERSTANDING OF SCIENCE. THIS EXPLORATORY PROJECT WILL AIM TO START TO FILL THIS GAP IN SCIENTIFIC UNDERSTANDING BY EXPLOITING THE RECENTLY DEVELOPED TOOLS OF STOCHASTIC THERMODYNAMICS. THE PI WILL USE INVESTIGATE HOW THE FOLLOWING FEATURES OF THE GLOBAL PHYSICAL ARCHITECTURE OF A COMPUTER AFFECT ITS COST: (1) COMMUNICATION RATE AND ACCURACY OF INFORMATION TRANSMISSION BETWEEN SUBSYSTEMS, (2) CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NETWORK TOPOLOGY OF THE ARCHITECTURE, PARTICULARLY HIERARCHY AND MODULARITY, (3) HETEROGENEITY AMONG THE INDIVIDUAL SUBSYSTEMS. SPECIFICALLY, THE PROJECT WILL INVESTIGATE HOW THESE DESIGN FEATURES AFFECT TRADE-OFFS BETWEEN TIME, MEMORY, AND HEAT COSTS; DESIRED COMPUTATIONAL CAPABILITIES; AND ROBUSTNESS AGAINST ENVIRONMENTAL FLUCTUATIONS OR FAULTY SUBSYSTEMS. THE INVESTIGATIONS WILL INVOLVE COMPUTER SIMULATIONS, WHICH WILL HELP REVEAL PATTERNS AND TRENDS IN THESE TRADE-OFFS, AS WELL AS THEORETICAL ANALYSES, WHICH WILL HELP UNCOVER THE MATHEMATICAL BASIS OF THE OBSERVED PATTERN. THIS AWARD REFLECTS NSF'S STATUTORY MISSION AND HAS BEEN DEEMED WORTHY OF SUPPORT THROUGH EVALUATION USING THE FOUNDATION'S INTELLECTUAL MERIT AND BROADER IMPACTS REVIEW CRITERIA.

THE SMALL-NUMBER LIMIT OF BIOLOGICAL INFORMATION PROCESSING

COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: MATH-DT CLOSING THE GENERALIZATION GAP OF DIGITAL TWINS -FROM THE WEATHER TO HUMAN HEALTH TO FIGHTER JETS, THERE ARE MANY COMPLEX SYSTEMS WHOSE OUTCOMES WE WOULD LIKE TO PREDICT AND CONTROL. TO ACHIEVE THESE GOALS, SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS OFTEN BUILD DIGITAL TWINS---COMPUTER MODELS THAT EMULATE AND INTERACT WITH THE UNDERLYING PHYSICAL SYSTEMS. THE CURRENT PROJECT DESCRIBES FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH INTO THE GENERALIZATION ABILITY OF DIGITAL TWINS: TO WHAT DEGREE CAN DIGITAL TWINS PREDICT OUTCOMES UNDER CONDITIONS THEY HAVE NOT PREVIOUSLY ENCOUNTERED? FOR EXAMPLE, IF THE DIGITAL TWIN FOR AN AIRPLANE HAS ONLY SEEN DATA COLLECTED UNDER NORMAL OPERATING CONDITIONS, CAN IT ACCURATELY PREDICT THE PLANE'S RESPONSE TO TURBULENCE? BY COMBINING MATHEMATICAL TOOLS FROM NONLINEAR DYNAMICS AND COMPUTATIONAL TOOLS FROM MACHINE LEARNING, THIS PROJECT AIMS TO DEVELOP FUNDAMENTAL THEORIES ON GENERALIZATION AND BUILD ROBUST DIGITAL TWINS THAT CAN PERFORM WELL IN EXTREME OR UNEXPECTED CONDITIONS. WHILE THE PROPOSED FRAMEWORK APPLIES TO A BROAD CLASS OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS, IT IS FIRST BEING APPLIED TO CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS, WHICH ARE THE INTERNAL TIMEKEEPING MECHANISMS OF THE HUMAN BODY. HUMAN BIOLOGICAL CLOCKS ARE INCREASINGLY SUBJECT TO DISTURBANCES INTRODUCED BY MODERN LIFESTYLES SUCH AS LONG-HAUL AIR TRAVEL AND NIGHTTIME COMPUTER USE. PREDICTIVE DIGITAL TWINS CAN GIVE PERSONALIZED RECOMMENDATIONS ON EFFECTIVE INTERVENTIONS, SUCH AS OPTIMAL STRATEGIES TO SPEED UP RECOVERY FROM JET LAGS. THE PROJECT WILL ALSO PROVIDE OPPORTUNITIES TO TEACH MODERN MATHEMATICAL CONCEPTS TO A DIVERSE POPULATION OF UNDERGRADUATE AND GRADUATE STUDENTS. THROUGH THIS PROJECT, STUDENTS LEARN VALUABLE SKILLS IN MATHEMATICAL MODELING, DATA ANALYSIS, SCIENCE COMMUNICATION, AND GAIN FIRST-HAND EXPERIENCE IN BUILDING AND MANAGING STATE-OF-THE-ART MACHINE LEARNING PIPELINES. CURRENT DOMAIN-AGNOSTIC DIGITAL TWINS BASED ON DEEP NEURAL NETWORKS ARE VERY EXPRESSIVE BUT CAN STRUGGLE WHEN GENERALIZING BEYOND THEIR TRAINING CONDITIONS. PHYSICS-BASED DIGITAL TWINS, ON THE OTHER HAND, GENERALIZE BETTER TO UNSEEN CONDITIONS THANKS TO THE STRONG INDUCTIVE BIAS BUILT INTO THE MODEL. ON THE OTHER HAND, THEY ARE OFTEN NOT SUFFICIENTLY FLEXIBLE TO FULLY CAPTURE THE RICH DYNAMICS IN DATA. THIS PROJECT DEVELOPS A NEW CLASS OF HYBRID DIGITAL TWINS WITH TUNABLE PHYSICS-BASED AND DOMAIN-AGNOSTIC COMPONENTS, ALLOWING PRACTITIONERS TO BALANCE EXPRESSIVITY VERSUS GENERALIZATION, DEPENDING ON THE AVAILABLE DATA AND THE NATURE OF THE TASK. UTILIZING CONCEPTS SUCH AS BASINS OF ATTRACTION IN MULTISTABLE DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS, A KEY OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT IS TO QUANTIFY HOW THE GENERALIZATION ABILITY OF THE DIGITAL TWIN CHANGES AS THE WEIGHTS ASSIGNED TO THE TWO COMPONENTS ARE ADJUSTED. IN PARTICULAR, THE PROJECT EXPLORES THE POSSIBILITY THAT A PROPERLY WEIGHTED DOMAIN-AGNOSTIC COMPONENT IN THE HYBRID DIGITAL TWIN CAN SOMETIMES IMPROVE OUT-OF-DISTRIBUTION GENERALIZATION, ESPECIALLY WHEN THE INDUCTIVE BIAS PROVIDED BY THE PHYSICS-BASED COMPONENT IS IMPERFECT. DIGITAL TWINS THAT GENERALIZE TO UNSEEN CONDITIONS ARE CRUCIAL TO APPLICATIONS SUCH AS FINDING OPTIMAL INTERVENTIONS FOR RESTORING DISRUPTED CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS. FOR EXAMPLE, TO FIND OPTIMAL STRATEGIES TO SPEED UP RECOVERY FROM JET LAGS, A DIGITAL TWIN NEEDS TO PREDICT THE DYNAMICS OF A SEVERELY PERTURBED CIRCADIAN CLOCK BASED ON DATA GATHERED MOSTLY FROM NORMALLY OPERATING CLOCKS. THESE INVESTIGATIONS WILL GUIDE THE CREATION OF MORE ROBUST DIGITAL TWINS AND HELP INFORM CRITICAL DECISIONS UNDER NEW OR UNCERTAIN CONDITIONS. THIS AWARD REFLECTS NSF'S STATUTORY MISSION AND HAS BEEN DEEMED WORTHY OF SUPPORT THROUGH EVALUATION USING THE FOUNDATION'S INTELLECTUAL MERIT AND BROADER IMPACTS REVIEW CRITERIA.- SUBAWARDS ARE NOT PLANNED FOR THIS AWARD.

COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: UNDERSTANDING ATTITUDE FORMATION AT DIFFERENT SPATIAL SCALES -ULTIMATELY, PEOPLE WANT TO FEEL CONNECTED TO PEOPLE ON THEIR BLOCK, IN THEIR NEIGHBORHOOD, AND IN THEIR CITY OR TOWN. THAT CONNECTION CAN IN LARGE PART DEPEND ON INTERPERSONAL INTERACTIONS, WHETHER EXPERIENCED AS PLEASANT OR UNCOMFORTABLE, AND THESE INTERACTIONS ARE OFTEN SHAPED BY PEOPLE?S POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE ATTITUDES. WHAT IS KNOWN ABOUT ATTITUDE FORMATION IS LARGELY BASED ON INDIVIDUAL EXPERIENCES AND HOW THOSE INDIVIDUAL EXPERIENCES INFLUENCE ATTITUDE FORMATION. THIS PROJECT ADVANCES WHAT IS KNOWN ABOUT ATTITUDE FORMATION AND ATTITUDE CHANGES, BY EXAMINING HOW GEOGRAPHIC CONTEXTS SHAPE THE FORMATION OF ATTITUDES AND INFLUENCE THE QUALITY OF INTERPERSONAL INTERACTIONS. THIS PROJECT TESTS THREE QUESTIONS DERIVED FROM AN INTERDISCIPLINARY MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF ATTITUDE FORMATION. THIS MODEL DRAWS INSPIRATION FROM SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY AND URBAN SCIENCE TO EXPLICITLY ACCOUNT FOR INTERACTIONS AT DIFFERENT SPATIAL SCALES. SPECIFICALLY, THE PROJECT TESTS: (1) HOW MUCH DO ATTITUDES VARY ACROSS PLACE AND SPATIAL SCALE? (2) HOW MUCH CAN THE NESTED CONTEXTS OF CITIES AND NEIGHBORHOODS EXPLAIN ABOUT ATTITUDE FORMATION? (3) HOW MUCH VARIATION IN ATTITUDES ACROSS SPATIAL SCALES AND PLACES IS RELATED TO THE QUALITY OF LOCAL INTERPERSONAL INTERACTIONS? TO SUPPORT TRAINING FOR STUDENTS AND RESEARCHERS, THE PROJECT ALSO INCLUDES THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ONLINE COURSE AND A SET OF EXAMPLE DATA ANALYSIS PIPELINES DEMONSTRATING THE APPLICATION OF THESE METHODS. THIS RESEARCH DEVELOPS NOVEL INTEGRATIVE METHODS IN ATTITUDE RESEARCH, OFFERING NEW THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKS THAT PROMOTE NATIONAL PROSPERITY AND WELFARE. THIS PROJECT IS JOINTLY FUNDED BY SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY AND THE ESTABLISHED PROGRAM TO STIMULATE COMPETITIVE RESEARCH (EPSCOR). THIS AWARD REFLECTS NSF'S STATUTORY MISSION AND HAS BEEN DEEMED WORTHY OF SUPPORT THROUGH EVALUATION USING THE FOUNDATION'S INTELLECTUAL MERIT AND BROADER IMPACTS REVIEW CRITERIA.- SUBAWARDS ARE NOT PLANNED FOR THIS AWARD.

IBSS-EX: WEALTH, WEALTH INEQUALITY, AND MARRAIGE SYSTEMS

DEVELOPING TEACHERS AS COMPUTATIONAL THINKERS THROUGH SUPPORTED AUTHENTIC EXPERIENCES IN COMPUTING MODELING AND SIMULATION

AF: SMALL: COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: REPRESENTATION-THEORETIC TECHNIQUES FOR PSEUDORANDOMNESS AND LOWER BOUNDS

UNIVERSAL SCALING LAWS IN BIOLOGY: ORIGINS, APPLICATIONS, RAMIFICATIONS, AND EXTENSIONS

EAGER: DEVELOPING DATA AND EVALUATION METHODS TO ASSESS THE GENERALITY AND ROBUSTNESS OF AI SYSTEMS FOR ABSTRACTION AND ANALOGY-MAKING

CONTRADICTION BASED LOGIC FOR INFORMATION FUSION (ANTI-FUSE-WEST)

INNOVATIVE WORKSHOP PROGRAM IN NETWORK SCIENCE, BIOLOGICALLY INSPIRED COMPUTATION, AND COMPUTER SECURITY

THE INSTITUTIONAL FOUNDATIONS OF COOPERATION AND TRADING

RAPID: DEPLOYING UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES FOR IN-SITU STUDIES OF COLLECTIVE MIGRATION

APPLICATIONS OF NON-EQUILIBRIUM STATISTICAL PHYSICS TO COLLECTIVE PHENOMENA IN MATERIALS AND COMPLEX SYSTEMS

EAGER: UNDERSTANDING TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE FROM THE MAP OF CAPABILITIES

COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: ORIGIN OF MULTICELLULAR COMPLEXITY IN EXPERIMENTALLY-EVOLVED SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE

UNDERSTANDING THE EFFECT OF INDIVIDUAL DECISION-MAKING STRATEGIES ON COLLECTIVE DECISION OUTCOMES

COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: TARGETED RESAMPLING OF DEEP POLAR ICE CORES USING INFORMATION THEORY

AF: SMALL: COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: THE PHYSICS OF MARKOV CHAINS: CLOSING THE GAP BETWEEN THEORY AND PRACTICE

CONVERGENCE QL: IDEAS LAB WORKSHOP: PRACTICAL FULLY-CONNECTED QUANTUM COMPUTER CHALLENGE (PFCQC), SANTA FE INSTITUTE, AUGUST 28 - SEPTEMBER 1, 2017

CONFERENCE: NSF WORKSHOP ON CROSSCUTTING RESEARCH NEEDS FOR DIGITAL TWINS -THIS TWO-DAY WORKSHOP WILL IDENTIFY RESEARCH NEEDS FOR DIGITAL TWINS. A DIGITAL TWIN IS A SET OF DIGITAL CONSTRUCTS THAT MIMIC THE STRUCTURE, CONTEXT, AND BEHAVIOR OF A PHYSICAL SYSTEM. DIGITAL TWINS ARE COUPLED TO THEIR PHYSICAL COUNTERPARTS; THEY ARE CHARACTERIZED BY A DYNAMIC, CONTINUAL, TWO-WAY FLOW OF INFORMATION BETWEEN THE DIGITAL REPRESENTATION AND THE PHYSICAL COUNTERPART. DATA STREAMING FROM THE PHYSICAL SYSTEM ARE INTEGRATED INTO THE DIGITAL REPRESENTATION TO REDUCE UNCERTAINTIES AND IMPROVE ACCURACY. THE DIGITAL REPRESENTATION MAY IN TURN BE USED TO CONTROL THE PHYSICAL SYSTEM, OPTIMIZE DATA ACQUISITION, AND PROVE DECISION SUPPORT. DIGITAL TWINS MUST EXECUTE RAPIDLY ENOUGH TO SUPPORT DECISIONS AND CONTROL IN TIME SCALES THAT ARE RELEVANT TO THE PHYSICAL SYSTEM AND MUST MANAGE AND QUANTIFY UNCERTAINTIES. OF PARTICULAR NOTE IS THE BI-DIRECTIONAL INTERACTION BETWEEN THE VIRTUAL AND THE PHYSICAL, WHICH IS CENTRAL TO DISTINGUISHING A DIGITAL TWIN FROM A CONVENTIONAL SIMULATION. THIS BI-DIRECTIONAL INTERACTION BRINGS MANY NEW CHALLENGES TO MODELING, DATA CURATION, AND DECISION-MAKING. THE WORKSHOP WILL BRING TOGETHER A DIVERSE COMMUNITY OF STAKEHOLDERS TO IDENTIFY RESEARCH GAPS COMMON ACROSS APPLICATION DOMAINS AND THAT MAY BENEFIT FROM CROSSCUTTING INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH EFFORTS. THE TECHNICAL PROGRAM IS ORGANIZED AROUND FOUR METHODOLOGICAL THEMES: (1) MODELS; (2) DATA; (3) DECISIONS; AND (4) VERIFICATION, VALIDATION & UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION. TO ENSURE CROSSCUTTING OUTCOMES, THESE THEMES WILL BE EXPLORED ACROSS FOUR APPLICATION DOMAINS: (1) ENGINEERING, MATERIALS & MANUFACTURING; (2) SMART CITIES; (3) BIOMEDICINE & HEALTH; AND (4) CLIMATE, NATURAL HAZARDS & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES. WORKSHOP SPEAKERS WILL BE ASKED TO IDENTIFY BARRIERS AND ENABLERS FOR ACHIEVING SCALABLE DIGITAL TWINS IN THE FOUR METHODOLOGICAL THEMES, GIVING CONCRETE EXAMPLES DRAWN FROM THE APPLICATION DOMAINS. THESE BARRIERS AND ENABLERS WILL BE COLLECTED AND ORGANIZED DURING INTERACTIVE WORKSHOP SESSIONS. THE OBJECTIVE IS TO IDENTIFY, FOR EACH OF THE METHODOLOGICAL THEMES, A ?TOP-FIVE? LIST OF CROSSCUTTING BARRIERS AND A ?TOP-FIVE? LIST OF POTENTIAL CROSSCUTTING ENABLERS, SUPPORTED WITH CONCRETE EXAMPLES FROM THE APPLICATION DOMAINS. THIS AWARD REFLECTS NSF'S STATUTORY MISSION AND HAS BEEN DEEMED WORTHY OF SUPPORT THROUGH EVALUATION USING THE FOUNDATION'S INTELLECTUAL MERIT AND BROADER IMPACTS REVIEW CRITERIA.- SUBAWARDS ARE NOT PLANNED FOR THIS AWARD.

EAGER: INNOVATION AND GROWTH OF HUMAN SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS FROM CITIES TO CORPORATIONS

CONFERENCE: HAROLD MOROWITZ SYMPOSIUM

SOCIAL CIRCLE PANEL FOR STUDYING THE ACCURACY OF SOCIAL JUDGEMENTS

RESEARCH EXPERIENCES FOR UNDERGRADUATES SITE AT THE SANTA FE INSTITUTE

CONVERGENT PATHS TOWARD UNIVERSALITY IN COMPLEX SYSTEMS

SGER: COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: MAPPING THE STRUCTURE AND EVOLUTION OF SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE RESEARCH

INTEGRATING DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES ON SOCIAL LEARNING

SOCIO-HYDROLOGICAL DYNAMICS WORKSHOP

EAGER: LINKING PATTERN AND PROCESS IN CULTURAL EVOLUTION

COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: SBE-UKRI: A CROSS-CULTURAL STUDY OF VARIABILITY IN ECONOMIC PROSPERITY USING MACHINE-LEARNING AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS -THIS COLLABORATIVE PROJECT BETWEEN US AND UK-BASED SCIENTISTS INVESTIGATES THE FACTORS THAT IMPACT ECONOMIC PROSPERITY ACROSS MULTIPLE STUDY SITES. THE INVESTIGATORS EMPLOY A LONGITUDINAL RESEARCH DESIGN TO TEST AND VALIDATE THE EXTENT TO WHICH VARIATION IN PROSPERITY WITHIN SITES IS A FUNCTION OF SOCIAL ORGANIZATION. THE STRUCTURES OF THE HIGH DIMENSIONAL, CORRELATED DATA WILL BE ASSESSED USING MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS. A SIGNIFICANT BROADER IMPACT OF DATA COLLECTION IS THE DEVELOPMENT OF A ROBUST AND COMPARATIVE CROSS-CULTURAL DATASET. THE DATASET IS PUBLICLY AVAILABLE TO ALL RESEARCHERS AND INTERESTED STAKEHOLDERS. THE RESEARCH ACTIVITIES SUPPORT THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SCIENTIFIC WORKFORCE THROUGH THE TRAINING OF EARLY CAREER RESEARCHERS THAT INCLUDE STUDENTS AND POSTDOCTORAL SCIENTISTS. TO TEST THE IMPACT OF POSITION IN A SOCIAL NETWORK ON THE CAPACITY FOR WEALTH ACCUMULATION AND WHETHER THE NATURE OF SOCIAL NETWORKS PREDICTS VARIABILITY, THE PIS COLLECT MULTILEVEL DATA. THIS INCLUDES INDIVIDUAL, HOUSEHOLD, SITE-LEVEL AND NATIONAL DATA. THE INVESTIGATORS ALSO DEVELOP NEW STATISTICAL METHODS THAT CAN BE APPLIED TO GENERALIZABLE STUDIES OF SOCIAL NETWORKS IN HUMAN COMMUNITIES. THE MACHINE LEARNING METHODS USED IN THE ANALYSIS CONTRIBUTE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ROBUST METHODS IN COMPARATIVE SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH. THIS AWARD REFLECTS NSF'S STATUTORY MISSION AND HAS BEEN DEEMED WORTHY OF SUPPORT THROUGH EVALUATION USING THE FOUNDATION'S INTELLECTUAL MERIT AND BROADER IMPACTS REVIEW CRITERIA.- SUBAWARDS ARE NOT PLANNED FOR THIS AWARD.

WORKSHOP ON MINIMAL LIFE; ARLINGTON, VA, AUGUST 2009

THE FUTURE OF THERMODYNAMICS OF COMPUTATION

THERMODYNAMICS OF COMPUTATION IN CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS TO BE HELD AUGUST 14-16, 2017 AT SFI

WORKSHOP ON CATALYTIC MECHANISMS AND THE EMERGENCE OF METABOLIC NETWORKS IN BIOGENESIS, MAY 23-25, 2012

CONFERENCE: NEST: NEUROMORPHIC STOCHASTIC THERMODYNAMICS WORKSHOP AT SFI -A WORKSHOP IS PROPOSED TO EXAMINE THE INTERSECTION OF NEUROMORPHIC COMPUTING AND STOCHASTIC THERMODYNAMICS. NEUROMORPHIC COMPUTING IS A FIELD THAT STARTED DECADES AGO, INSPIRED BY THE EFFICIENCIES OF THE INFORMATION PROCESSING PERFORMED BY BIOLOGICAL BRAINS. ITS MAIN GOAL IS TO REPLICATE THE COMPLEX ARCHITECTURE AND FUNCTIONALITY OF BIOLOGICAL NEURAL CIRCUITS BUT USING IN-SILICO CIRCUITS. THE FIELD HAS PLAYED A KEY ROLE IN ADVANCING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) SYSTEMS AS EVIDENCED BY THE ADOPTION OF NEUROMORPHIC CONCEPTS LIKE COMPUTE-IN-MEMORY, ATTENTION, POOLING TO NAME A FEW, INTO THE MAINSTREAM AI DESIGNS. HOWEVER, A DETAILED COMPARISON BETWEEN IN-SILICO NEUROMORPHIC BRAINS AND BIOLOGICAL BRAINS REVEALS A SIGNIFICANT GAP BETWEEN THE TWO SYSTEMS. EVEN A SIMPLE INSECT BRAIN WITH FEWER THAN A MILLION NEURONS CAN PERFORM AND LEARN A VARIETY OF COMPLEX TASKS, A FEAT CURRENTLY UNACHIEVABLE BY STATE-OF-THE-ART AI SYSTEMS, LET ALONE A NEUROMORPHIC COMPUTER. ON THE OTHER END OF THE SPECTRUM ARE LARGE-SCALE AI SYSTEMS, SUCH AS LARGE LANGUAGE MODELS (LLMS) AND VISION TRANSFORMERS, WHOSE SUCCESS HAS BEEN CHARACTERIZED BY A RAPID INCREASE IN THE COMPLEXITY AND THE SIZE OF THEIR FLOWCHARTS INVOLVING VARIOUS ABSTRACT PROCESSES. THE ENERGY COST FOR TRAINING AND USING THESE AI SYSTEMS IS BECOMING UNSUSTAINABLE, AS THE FIELD STRIVES TO ACHIEVE ARTIFICIAL GENERAL INTELLIGENCE (AGI) OR BRAIN-SCALE INTELLIGENCE. IT IS TO ADDRESS THIS ABOVE-MENTIONED ENERGY CHALLENGE, THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY NEEDS A FUNDAMENTAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE THERMODYNAMICS OF DISTRIBUTED COMPUTATIONAL ARCHITECTURES, PARTICULARLY HOW ENERGY EXPENDITURE VARIES ACROSS DIFFERENT ARCHITECTURES THAT IMPLEMENT THE SAME COMPUTATIONAL TASK. IN THIS REGARD, THE PLANNED WORKSHOP WILL LEAD TO A NEW BODY OF KNOWLEDGE AND NEW RESEARCH DIRECTIONS THAT WILL SYNERGIZE THE FIELD OF NEUROMORPHIC ENGINEERING/COMPUTING WITH THE LATEST ADVANCES IN THE FIELD OF STOCHASTIC THERMODYNAMICS. IT IS HOPED THAT THE WORKSHOP WILL PRODUCE A NEW DIRECTION AND WILL THUS HELP NSF REFORMULATE ITS PROGRAMS ACCORDING TO THE NEEDS OF SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES AS WELL AS EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES. THE WORKSHOP WILL PRODUCE REPORTS TO BE MADE BROADLY AVAILABLE TO THE COMMUNITY. THIS AWARD REFLECTS NSF'S STATUTORY MISSION AND HAS BEEN DEEMED WORTHY OF SUPPORT THROUGH EVALUATION USING THE FOUNDATION'S INTELLECTUAL MERIT AND BROADER IMPACTS REVIEW CRITERIA.- SUBAWARDS ARE NOT PLANNED FOR THIS AWARD.

IIBR ROL: COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: A RULES OF LIFE ENGINE (ROLE) MODEL TO UNCOVER FUNDAMENTAL PROCESSES GOVERNING BIODIVERSITY

NETWORK STRUCTURE, POLITICAL HIERARCHY, AND ECONOMIC INEQUALITY: AN INTERDISCIPLINARY WORKSHOP AND TRAINING PROGRAM

THERMODYNAMICS AND COMPUTATION: TOWARDS A NEW SYNTHESIS

UNIVERSALITY AND ACCIDENT IN COMPLEXITY: THE ODYSSEAN QUEST OF MURRAY GELL-MANN

RAPID: FIRST CONTACT WITH PUNAN BATU HUNTER-GATHERERS IN BORNEO

WORKSHOP: ROL: FELS INTEGRATING CRITICAL PHENOMENA AND MULTI-SCALE SELECTION IN VIRUS EVOLUTION; NOVEMBER, 2018; SANTA FE, NEW MEXICO

WORKSHOP: A NEW SYNTHESIS FOR THE SCIENCE OF SCIENCE

COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: BPEC: YO-GUTC: YOUNG WOMEN GROWING UP THINKING COMPUTATIONALLY

CONFERENCE: INNOVATION AS SEARCH ON A SPACE OF POSSIBILITIES

COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: NSFGEO-NERC: COMMUNITY AND STRUCTURAL COLLAPSE DURING MASS EXTINCTIONS (CASCADE) -WE LIVE IN A TIME OF WIDESPREAD CHANGE TO THE NATURAL SYSTEMS THAT MAKE OUR PLANET HABITABLE. THE CLIMATE IS WARMING AND WE ARE IN THE MIDST OF A BIODIVERSITY CRISES ARISING FROM OUR EXTENSIVE AND EXPANDING USE OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND SPACES. WHAT DO THESE CHANGES MEAN FOR THE FUTURE OF PLANET? THE FOSSIL RECORD PROVIDES US WITH THE MEANS TO UNDERSTAND THE RESILIENCE AND COLLAPSE OF ECOSYSTEMS DUE TO RAPID CLIMATE CHANGE. HERE THE RESEARCHERS WILL USE THE FOSSIL RECORD TO EXPLORE WHY SOME INTERVALS OF EARTH HISTORY ARE PARTICULARLY PRONE TO MASS EXTINCTION, WHILE OTHERS ARE NOT. TO DO THIS, THEY WILL EXAMINE CHANGES IN FOSSIL COMMUNITIES ACROSS INTERVALS OF GLOBAL WARMING USING CUTTING-EDGE APPROACHES FROM FOOD WEB MODELING. THEIR RESULTS WILL ALLOW THEM TO ASSESS THE RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF NETWORK STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITION, VERSUS CHANGES IN THE PRODUCTIVITY OF SYSTEMS, TO THE STABILITY OF ECOSYSTEMS DURING TIMES OF RAPID GLOBAL WARMING, LIKE THOSE WE ARE LIVING IN TODAY. MORE TECHNICALLY, THE RESEARCH WILL ANSWER THE QUESTION OF WHY RAPID WARMING EVENTS OF THE PALEOZOIC AND MESOZOIC CONSISTENTLY TRIGGER MASS EXTINCTION, WHEREAS SIMILARLY EXTREME CLIMATIC EVENTS OF THE CENOZOIC DO NOT? THE RESEARCHERS WILL TEST THE HYPOTHESIS THAT IT IS THE EVOLUTION OF MODERN ECOSYSTEM STRUCTURES ESTABLISHED IN THE AFTERMATH OF THE CRETACEOUS-PALEOGENE MASS EXTINCTION THAT HAS MADE CENOZOIC COMMUNITIES RELATIVELY RESILIENT TO THE EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING AS COMPARED TO THOSE IN THE PAST. TO DO THIS THEY WILL I) RECONSTRUCT MARINE FOOD WEBS ACROSS GLOBAL WARMING EVENTS WHILE ACCOUNTING FOR PRESERVATION BIAS; II) ESTIMATE PRODUCTIVITY AND BIOMASS AT THE BASE OF THE MARINE FOOD WEB THROUGH TIME; III) PREDICT PRIMARY AND SECONDARY EXTINCTIONS USING BY ADVANCING AND APPLYING FOOD WEB MODELING APPROACHES; AND IV) TEST THE ROLE OF NETWORK STRUCTURE IN THE STABILITY OF CENOZOIC MARINE ECOSYSTEMS. THIS AWARD REFLECTS NSF'S STATUTORY MISSION AND HAS BEEN DEEMED WORTHY OF SUPPORT THROUGH EVALUATION USING THE FOUNDATION'S INTELLECTUAL MERIT AND BROADER IMPACTS REVIEW CRITERIA.

EAGER: SCALING-UP COOPERATION ACROSS CULTURAL GROUPS

COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: ACADEMIC HIRING NETWORKS AND SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTIVITY ACROSS DISCIPLINES

TWO WORKSHOPS FOR AFGHANISTAN AND PAKISTAN

COLLABORATIVE?RESEARCH: HNDS-R:?ECONOMIC NETWORKS AND THE DYNAMICS OF WEALTH INEQUALITY: A LONGITUDINAL CROSS-CULTURAL INVESTIGATION -THIS PROJECT EXAMINES THE SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF MATERIAL WEALTH INEQUALITY IN HUMAN COMMUNITIES. IN PARTICULAR, THE RESEARCH EXAMINES THE WAYS THAT INDIVIDUALS AND HOUSEHOLDS LEVERAGE THEIR SOCIAL NETWORKS TO BUFFER LIVELIHOOD RISKS AND REALIZE ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES. THIS AWARD SUPPORTS LONGITUDINAL FIELDWORK IN A DIVERSE SAMPLE OF SMALL COMMUNITIES, WHERE COLLABORATORS COLLECT STANDARDIZED DATA ON VARIABLES SUCH AS MATERIAL WEALTH, SOCIAL NETWORKS, DEMOGRAPHICS, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, FOOD SECURITY, AND KINSHIP RELATIONSHIPS. THE COMPARATIVE FINDINGS CONTRIBUTE TO INTERDISCIPLINARY SCHOLARSHIP ON THE PROCESSES THAT LEAD TO WEALTH INEQUALITY AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF INEQUALITY FOR ECONOMIC LIVELIHOODS AND RELATED OUTCOMES, SUCH AS FOOD SECURITY. THE PROJECT SUPPORTS WORK AND TRAINING AMONG DIVERSE COLLABORATORS, INCLUDING WOMEN, UNDERREPRESENTED MINORITIES, AND EARLY-CAREER RESEARCHERS, CONTRIBUTING TO THE GOALS OF BROADENING PARTICIPATION IN SCIENCE. THE FINDINGS ARE SHARED WITH LOCAL COMMUNITIES AND WITH BROADER AUDIENCES VIA EDUCATIONAL MODULES IN OPEN-ACCESS ECONOMICS COURSES. THE METHODOLOGICAL TOOLS BEING DEVELOPED FOR THE PROJECT CAN FACILITATE SIMILAR COMPARATIVE STUDIES. THIS COLLABORATIVE PROJECT EXAMINES THE DYNAMIC SOCIAL PROCESSES THAT CONTRIBUTE TO MATERIAL WEALTH INEQUALITY. THE RESEARCH INCLUDES DATA COLLECTION IN OVER FORTY COMMUNITIES THAT VARY IN TERMS OF SUBSISTENCE ORIENTATIONS, POLITICAL ORGANIZATION, KINSHIP AND DESCENT, AND DEMOGRAPHICS. THE RESEARCH DESIGN FOCUSES IN GENERAL ON THE ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF VARIATION IN THE STRUCTURE OF SOCIAL SUPPORT NETWORKS. IN PARTICULAR, THE STUDY SHOWS THE EXTENT TO WHICH ADVANTAGEOUS POSITIONS IN COMMUNITY NETWORKS CAN MITIGATE ECONOMIC RISKS AND ENABLE MATERIAL GAINS. SIMULTANEOUSLY, THE RESEARCHERS COLLECT AND ANALYZE DATA ON OTHER VARIABLES THAT ARE HYPOTHESIZED TO EFFECT DYNAMIC VARIATION IN MATERIAL WEALTH, INCLUDING VARIATION IN EDUCATION AND SKILLS, OCCUPATIONS AND STATUS, AND FAMILY STRUCTURES. THESE DATA CONTRIBUTE TO COMPARATIVE ANALYSES THAT CONSIDER THE RELATIVE EFFECTS OF THESE VARIABLES ON CHANGES IN MATERIAL WEALTH AND INEQUALITY. THE FINDINGS HAVE RELEVANCE FOR DEBATES ABOUT THE DETERMINANTS AND CONSEQUENCES OF WEALTH INEQUALITY IN BOTH HISTORICAL AND CONTEMPORARY SOCIETIES. METHODOLOGICALLY, APPROACHES FOR ORGANIZING AND ANALYZING LONGITUDINAL DATA ARE BEING DEVELOPED AND SHARED ACROSS RESEARCH COMMUNITIES TO BUILD CAPACITY FOR SIMILAR MULTI-SITED PROJECTS. THIS AWARD REFLECTS NSF'S STATUTORY MISSION AND HAS BEEN DEEMED WORTHY OF SUPPORT THROUGH EVALUATION USING THE FOUNDATION'S INTELLECTUAL MERIT AND BROADER IMPACTS REVIEW CRITERIA.

WORKSHOP ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND THE BARRIER OF MEANING

WORKSHOP: THE STRUCTURE OF TECHNOLOGY

SFI WORKSHOP: MODELING DYNAMICS OF VIOLENT RADICALIZATION IN WESTERN DEMOCRACIES

WORKSHOP: STATISTICAL MECHANICS FOUNDATIONS OF COMPLEXITY - WHERE DO WE STAND?; SANTA FE, NM; MAY 8-10, 2014

SFI WORKING GROUP: MODELING DYNAMICS OF VIOLENT RADICALIZATION IN WESTERN DEMOCRACIES

THE PHYSICAL FOUNDATIONS AND SYSTEMS BIOLOGY OF AGING; SANTA FE, NEW MEXICO

COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: NEW ALGORITHMS FOR GROUP ISOMORPHISM

DHB: FINANCIAL MARKETS AS AN EMPIRICAL LABORATORY TO STUDY AN EVOLVING ECOLOGY OF HUMAN DECISION MAKING

NETWORK COMPARISON, A CORNERSTONE OF THE FOUNDATIONS OF NETWORK SCIENCE

COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: USING MULTI-MODAL DIGITAL FOOTPRINTS TO INFER PUBLIC SENTIMENT