Corporation Of Gonzaga University

DESCRIPTION:THIS AGREEMENT PROVIDES FUNDING UNDER THE INFLATION REDUCTION ACT (IRA) TO GONZAGA INSTITUTE FOR CLIMATE, WATER, AND THE ENVIRONMENT (CLIMATE INSTITUTE). SPECIFICALLY, THIS PROJECT WILL TO STRENGTHEN CLIMATE RESILIENCE, MITIGATE LOCAL POLLUTION, AND IMPROVE INDOOR AIR QUALITY. ACTIVITIES:THE ACTIVITIES INCLUDE: RETROFITTING HOMES WITH HEAT PUMPS AND AIR FILTRATION SYSTEMS; BUILDING THE CAPACITY OF FIVE COMMUNITY RESILIENCE HUBS, EXPANDING PARTICIPATION IN A CLIMATE PLANNING CERTIFICATE PROGRAM, AND ESTABLISHING A FUND TO SUPPORT COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS' WORK TO STRENGTHEN CLIMATE RESILIENCE AND MITIGATE POLLUTION. SUBRECIPIENT:CITY OF SPOKANE WILL INSTALL BACKUP BATTERY CAPACITY AND ONSITE SOLAR AT TWO CITY-OWNED COMMUNITY CENTERS AND TWO LIBRARIES, AS WELL AS ESTABLISH A SPOKANE COMMUNITY RESILIENCE NETWORK OF COMMUNITY RELIEF HUBS AND ENGAGEMENT HUBS. SPOKANE NEIGHBORHOOD ACTION PARTNERS WILL PROVIDE NEW HEAT PUMPS AND AIR QUALITY SENSORS TO AN ESTIMATED 300 HOUSEHOLDS. THE CARL MAXEY CENTER WILL INSTALL A HYBRID HEAT PUMP AS WELL AS OTHER FEATURES NECESSARY TO BECOME A COMMUNITY RESILIENCE HUB. $2.6 MILLION WILL BE DISTRIBUTED TO COMMUNITY-BASED NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS TO FUND CLIMATE RESILIENCE WORK.OUTCOMES:THE ANTICIPATED DELIVERABLES INCLUDE 300 HOMES RETROFITTED WITH HEAT PUMPS AND AIR FILTRATION SYSTEMS, FIVE COMMUNITY RELIEF HUBS ESTABLISHED, 10 ENGAGEMENT HUBS ESTABLISHED, NINE PEOPLE TRAINED IN CLIMATE PLANNING, 40 WILDFIRE SMOKE AND COMMUNITY RESILIENCE TRAININGS GIVEN, AND $2.6 MILLION DISTRIBUTED TO COMMUNITY-BASED NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS TO FUND CLIMATE RESILIENCE WORK. THE EXPECTED OUTCOMES INCLUDE: REDUCTION IN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS; INCREASED COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN CLIMATE ACTION PROJECTS; IMPROVED ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE THROUGH THE EMPOWERMENT OF THE DISADVANTAGED COMMUNITY; AND ENHANCED RESILIENCE DURING EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS AND WILDFIRE SMOKE. THE INTENDED BENEFICIARIES ARE DISADVANTAGED COMMUNITIES.

PROVIDE STUDENTS WITH EMERGENCY FINANCIAL AID GRANTS TO HELP COVER EXPENSES RELATED TO THE DISRUPTION OF CAMPUS OPERATIONS DUE TO THE CORONAVIRUS.

TO PROVIDE STUDENTS WITH EMERGENCY FINANCIAL AID GRANTS TO HELP COVER EXPENSES RELATED TO THE DISRUPTION OF CAMPUS OPERATIONS DUE TO THE CORONAVIRUS.

PURPOSE: THE PURPOSE OF THIS GRANT IS TO PROCURE STATE-OF-THE-ART EQUIPMENT FOR THE ACADEMIC DEPARTMENTS HOUSED WITHIN THE BOLLIER CENTER, TO ENABLE GONZAGA TO EXPAND ITS RESEARCH AND TEACHING CAPABILITIES THROUGH INNOVATIVE, FLEXIBLE SPACE FOR STUDENTS IN HIGH-DEMAND STEM FIELDS. ACTIVITIES TO BE PERFORMED: GRANT FUNDING WILL SUPPORT THE ACQUISITION OF EQUIPMENT NEEDED BY DEPARTMENTS ACROSS THE COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES AND THE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCE, SUCH AS: BIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY, BIOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES; ENGINEERING; AND PSYCHOLOGY. A STEERING COMMITTEE WILL BE FORMED FROM MEMBERS ACROSS THESE DEPARTMENTS AND MEMBERS WILL EVALUATE AND REVIEW THE DRAFT EQUIPMENT LIST. THESE STEERING COMMITTEE MEMBERS WILL IDENTIFY AND PRIORITIZE ORDER OF EQUIPMENT PURCHASES ENSURING THAT THERE IS NO UNNECESSARY OR DUPLICATIVE ITEMS. AS EQUIPMENT ARRIVES IT WILL BE INSPECTED AND INSTALLED IN THE BOLLIER CENTER. EXPECTED OUTCOMES: SAMPLE 1: THE IMPROVEMENTS SHOULD REDUCE TRAFFIC AND STREAMLINE TRANSPORT OF CARGO FROM THE TERMINALS TO THE RAILROAD. SAMPLE 2: THE RESEARCHERS ARE DEVELOPING A METHOD TO PREDICT THE EMERGENCE OF SYSTEM-LEVEL BEHAVIORS BY ANALYZING LARGE VOLUMES OF DIGITAL TRACE DATA USING EVOLUTIONARY SOCIAL ONTOLOGY TO BUILD A MULTI-LEVEL MODEL OF COMPLEX SOCIO-TECHNICAL SYSTEMS. THEY WILL USE ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES DEVELOPED IN EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY AND SYSTEMS BIOLOGY: (1) TO CHARACTERIZE A STREAM OF DIGITAL TRACE DATA FROM A COMPLEX SOCIO-TECHNICAL SYSTEM WITH FINITE GENETIC ELEMENTS; (2) TO PREDICT THE BEHAVIOR OF SOCIO-TECHNICAL SYSTEMS BASED ON THE PATTERN OF "BEHAVIORAL GENE" INTERACTIONS; AND (3) TO EXPLORE THE IMPACT OF MUTATIONAL INPUT, GENE FLOW, AND RECOMBINATION IN "BEHAVIORAL GENES" ON THE EVOLUTION OF SOCIO-TECHNICAL SYSTEMS. INTENDED BENEFICIARIES: UNDERGRADUATE STEM STUDENTS WILL BENEFIT FROM THE PROCUREMENT OF NEW EQUIPMENT AS IT WILL MAKE THE STUDENTS MORE COMPETITIVE IN THE GLOBAL MARKET SPACE. FACULTY RESEARCHERS WILL BENEFIT FROM THE PROJECT AS THE EQUIPMENT WILL PROVIDE MORE OPPORTUNITIES FOR ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE STUDENTS, FACULTY, AND STAFF TO EXPLORE COLLABORATIONS, SHARE EQUIPMENT, CO-SUPERVISE STUDENT RESEARCH, CO-TEACH EXISTING AND LEADING-EDGE SUBJECTS. SUBRECIPIENT ACTIVITIES: THE RECIPIENT DOES NOT INTEND TO SUBAWARD FUNDS.

MRI: ACQUISITION OF SMART ANTENNA LABORATORY EQUIPMENT

DESCRIPTION:THE AGREEMENT PROVIDES FUNDING TO ENHANCE COMMUNITY WILDFIRE SMOKE PREPAREDNESS. SPECIFICALLY, THIS RECIPIENT WILL THE GONZAGA CENTER FOR CLIMATE, SOCIETY, AND THE ENVIRONMENTMDASH;IN COLLABORATION WITH THE CITY OF SPOKANE, SPOKANE REGIONAL CLEAN AIR AGENCY, AND THE UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTONMDASH;REQUESTS SUPPORT FROM THE EPA FOR ACTIVITIES THAT WILL REDUCE INDOOR EXPOSURE TO POLLUTANTS IN WILDFIRE SMOKE IN THE CITY OF SPOKANE AND IN THREE COMMUNITY CENTERS SERVING DISADVANTAGED COMMUNITIES. ACTIVITIES WILL INCLUDE WILDFIRE SMOKE HEALTH AWARENESS OUTREACH, INDOOR AND OUTDOOR AIR QUALITY MONITORING AT CLEANER AIR CENTERS, HVAC UPGRADES TO IMPROVE AIR FILTRATION AND HANDLING, AND A COMMUNITY-ENGAGED PROCESS OF DEVELOPING SMOKE READINESS PLANS, BOTH AT THE BUILDING AND COMMUNITY LEVELS TO BE IMPLEMENTED DURING WILDFIRE SMOKE EVENTS. ACTIVITIES:THE PROPOSED ACTIVITIES INCLUDE: - AN INDOOR AND OUTDOOR AIR QUALITY MONITORING TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF WILDFIRE SMOKE MITIGATION ACTIVITIES - ESTABLISH EACH OF THE THREE CITY-OWNED COMMUNITY CENTERS AS CLEANER AIR CENTERS. - A COMMUNITY-ENGAGED EVALUATION OF PERCEPTIONS AND EXPERIENCES OF WILDFIRE SMOKE - A WILDFIRE SMOKE RISK REDUCTION STAKEHOLDER SYNTHESIS SYMPOSIUM. - OUTREACH ACTIVITIES AND TARGETED OUTREACH TO MEMBERS OF THE PUBLIC THROUGH COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS AND INSTITUTIONS SUBRECIPIENT:1. SUBAWARD: SPOKANE REGIONAL CLEAN AIR AGENCY, REGIONAL CLEAN AIR AGENCY, WORKING IN COLLABORATION WITH SPOKANE REGIONAL HEALTH DISTRICT, PLANS TO DEVELOP AND IMPLEMENT A COMMUNITY-BASED, STRATEGIC AWARENESS AND OUTREACH CAMPAIGN AROUND WILDFIRE SMOKE. 2. SUBAWARD: CITY OF SPOKANE, THE CITY OF SPOKANE IS COMMITTED TO EXECUTING THE FOLLOWING AC#65533;#65533;VI#65533;#65533;ES: (1) HVAC UPGRADE AT NORTHEAST COMMUNITY TO REDUCE WILDFIRE SMOKE EXPOSURE; (2) ESTABLISH THREE NEW CLEANER AIR CENTERS AT COMMUNITY CENTERS TO REDUCE WILDFIRE SMOKE EXPOSURE; (3) OBTAIN PORTABLE AIR CLEANERS, FOR USE BY WCC DURING WILDFIRE SMOKE EVENTS; (4) DEVELOP, IMPLEMENT, AND ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A CITY LEVEL AND BUILDING LEVEL WILDFIRE SMOKE READINESS PLAN; (5) ASSIST WITH COMMUNITY SURVEY IMPLEMENTATION, AS DEVELOPED BY GONZAGA UNIVERSITY PARTNERS. 3. SUBAWARD: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON, THE UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON IS COMMITTED TO EXECUTING THE FOLLOWING AC#65533;#65533;VI#65533;#65533;ES: (1) WILL LEAD THE DESIGN, FACILITATE, ANALYZE, AND PUBLISH FINDINGS FROM THE WILDFIRE SMOKE RISK REDUCTION STAKEHOLDER SYNTHESIS SYMPOSIUM [YEAR 1]; (2) PROVIDE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS SUPPORT FOR THE PROJECT'S COMMUNITY-ENGAGED EVALUATION OF PERCEPTIONS AND EXPERIENCES OF WILDFIRE SMOKE COMMUNITY SURVEY [YR. 1]; (3) PROVIDE DESIGN, ANALYSIS, AND EVALUATION SUPPORT FOR THE PROJECT'S PLANNED 'DATA WALKS' [YR. 2]; (4) PROVIDE METHODS AND EVALUATION SUPPORT FOR SMOKE READINESS COMMUNITY OUTREACH AC#65533;#65533;VI#65533;#65533;ES, DELIVERED BY COMMUNITY-BASED ORGANIZATIONS [2]; (5) PROVIDE METHODS AND ANALYSIS SUPPORT FOR COMMUNITY CLEANER AIR SHELTER SENSOR DATA [2]. OUTCOMES:THE ANTICIPATED DELIVERABLES INCLUDE. 1. A SMOKE READINESS PLAN 2. THREE NEW CLEANER AIR CENTERS WITH HEAT INFORMATION DASHBOARDS 3. WILDFIRE SMOKE RISK COMMUNICATION STAKEHOLDER SYNTHESIS SYMPOSIUM 4. PUBLIC EDUCATION CAMPAIGN THE EXPECTED OUTCOMES INCLUDE : 1. 3 NEW CLEANER AIR CENTERS, EACH WITH INDOOR AND OUTDOOR SENSORS, REAL TIME AIR QUALITY AND HEAT INFORMATION DASHBOARD, AND BUILDING LEVEL SMOKE READINESS PLAN. THIS ADDITION OF SENSORS WILL INCREASE AVAILABILITY OF AIR MONITORING DATA TO INFORM WILDFIRE SMOKE MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES. QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF COMMUNITY-WIDE SURVEY DATA WILL PROVIDE DETAILED UNDERSTANDING OF COMMUNITY PERCEPTIONS AND EXPERIENCES OF WILDFIRE SMOKE SO AS TO GUIDE AND INFORM SMOKE READINESS PLANNING. 2. A QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF COMMUNITY SURVEY DATA WALKS, OUTREACH AND ENGAGEMENT THROUGH REGIONAL WILDFIRE

NEW GRANT ENTITLED, ELECTRIC UTILITY TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION LINE ENGINEERING PROGRAM

ADVANCING THE CAREERS OF WOMEN IN STEM AT PREDOMINANTLY UNDERGRADUATE INSTITUTIONS THROUGH PROFESSIONAL NETWORKS

GONZAGA FAMILY HAVEN COMMUNITY PROGRAMMING FUND CDS PROJECT

CAREER: A FRAMEWORK FOR PREDICTIVE DESIGN OF WEAR-RESISTANT POLYMER COMPOSITES -THIS PROJECT WILL CONDUCT EXPERIMENTS ON ?LOW-WEAR POLYMER COMPOSITE? MATERIALS. THESE MATERIALS CONSIST OF PARTICLES IN A POLYMER MATRIX. THEY ARE OFTEN USED TO REDUCE FRICTION AND MECHANICAL DAMAGE (CALLED ?WEAR?) BETWEEN SLIDING SURFACES. DURING SLIDING, LOW-WEAR COMPOSITES FORM PROTECTIVE FILMS ON THE SLIDING SURFACES. THE PROJECT WILL INVESTIGATE HOW POLYMERS, PARTICLES, AND OPPOSING SURFACE INTERACT TO CREATE THESE PROTECTIVE FILMS. RESULTS WILL ADVANCE PREDICTIVE DESIGN OF POLYMER COMPOSITES WHICH DECREASE FRICTION AND WEAR. FRICTION WASTES ENERGY, WHILE WEAR CAUSES MECHANICAL FAILURES. THEREFORE, IMPROVEMENTS IN LOW-WEAR MATERIALS WILL BENEFIT A WIDE RANGE OF MANUFACTURING APPLICATIONS. THESE INCLUDE BEARINGS IN CARS, GEARS IN MACHINERY, OR HIP IMPLANTS. FURTHER BENEFITS WILL COME FROM EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES DEVELOPED DURING THIS PROJECT. THESE INCLUDE TRAINING UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS IN ADVANCED MATERIALS TESTING AND TEACHING MIDDLE AND HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS ABOUT THE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING OF MATERIALS, FRICTION, AND WEAR. THIS RESEARCH WILL DEVELOP CAUSE-EFFECT RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN COMPOSITE STRUCTURES AND THEIR PROPERTIES. IT WILL FOCUS ON HOW THE WEAR BEHAVIOR DEPENDS NOT JUST ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THE FILLER PARTICLES, MATRIX, AND COUNTERFACE MATERIAL, BUT ALSO CHEMICAL PROPERTIES. THE NOVELTY OF PROPOSED RESEARCH IS THAT INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PARTICLES, MATRIX, AND THE COUNTERFACE WILL BE INVESTIGATED ACROSS A WIDE RANGE OF LENGTH SCALES. THIS WORK WILL BE CONDUCTED ON MODEL THERMOPLASTIC POLYMERS AND A SELECT RANGE OF FILLER/COUNTERFACE CHEMISTRIES THAT PROMOTE LOW AND HIGH WEAR. THESE MEASUREMENTS WILL BE ENABLED THROUGH CUSTOM MACROSCALE TRIBOMETRY, NANOSCALE MECHANICS USING SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY, AS WELL AS MULTI-LENGTH SCALE SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION. THE SCIENTIFIC OUTCOME OF THE PROPOSED RESEARCH WILL BE PREDICTIVE DESIGN RULES FOR MITIGATING WEAR IN POLYMER COMPOSITES. THIS PROJECT REPRESENTS A TRANSFORMATIVE STEP TOWARD PREDICTIVE DESIGN OF TRIBOLOGICAL POLYMER COMPOSITES. THE RESULTS WILL IMPACT THE DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING OF MECHANICAL COMPONENTS. ADDITIONALLY THE PROJECT WILL CREATE NEW OUTREACH OPPORTUNITIES FOR GONZAGA STUDENTS AND THE BROADER SPOKANE COMMUNITY IN THE AREA OF MATERIALS EDUCATION AND SCIENTIFIC LITERACY. THIS AWARD REFLECTS NSF'S STATUTORY MISSION AND HAS BEEN DEEMED WORTHY OF SUPPORT THROUGH EVALUATION USING THE FOUNDATION'S INTELLECTUAL MERIT AND BROADER IMPACTS REVIEW CRITERIA.- SUBAWARDS ARE NOT PLANNED FOR THIS AWARD.

THE EDINBURGH CRITICAL EDITION OF THE COMPLETE WORKS OF ALFRED NORTH WHITEHEAD [THIS CRITICAL EDITION BRINGS TOGETHER FOR THE FIRST TIME, IN A SERIES OF CRITICALLY EDITED VOLUMES, THE COMPLETE, COLLECTED PUBLISHED WORKS AND PREVIOUSLY UNPUBLISHED LECTURES, PAPERS, AND CORRESPONDENCE OF ALFRED NORTH WHITEHEAD. TWO VOLUMES OF EDITED LECTURE NOTES FROM THE PARTICIPANTS IN HIS HARVARD CLASSES HAVE ALREADY BEEN PUBLISHED, IN 2017 AND 2021. THE COMPLETE EDITION IS SET TO INCLUDE SEVENTEEN VOLUMES: SIX VOLUMES OF LECTURE NOTES TAKEN BY WHITEHEAD?S STUDENTS AND COLLEAGUES DURING HIS TIME AT HARVARD FROM 1924?1937, TWO VOLUMES OF CORRESPONDENCE, TWO VOLUMES OF COLLECTED ESSAYS AND ARTICLES, SIX VOLUMES OF CRITICALLY EDITED VERSIONS OF WHITEHEAD?S MONOGRAPHS, AND ONE VOLUME OF COLLECTED PAPERS AND MISCELLANEA.]

TAS::57 3600::TAS "(YIP-10) DISCOVERY OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE BIOMATERIALS FOR DEFENSE APPLICATONS"" DATED 27 JUL 09 (THE GRANTEE'S TECHNICAL PROPOSAL)

CRIF:MU-PURCHASE OF A LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPH TIME-OF-FLIGHT MASS SPECTROMETER

ADVANCED EDUCATION NURSING TRAINEESHIPS

MRI: ACQUISITION OF AN ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPE FOR FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING, BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY AT GONZAGA UNIVERSITY

COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: SATC: EDU: DUAL-TRACK ROLE-BASED LEARNING FOR CYBERSECURITY ANALYSTS AND ENGINEERS FOR EFFECTIVE DEFENSE OPERATION WITH DATA ANALYTICS -CYBERSECURITY DEFENSE OPERATIONS (CYBER-OPS) ARE IN DIRE NEED OF EFFECTIVE AND EXPEDITED LEARNING PROGRAMS FOR PRACTICING PROFESSIONALS TO INFUSE DATA ANALYTICS (I.E., DATA SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, AND MACHINE LEARNING) INTO THEIR DAY-TO-DAY TASKS. TO COMBAT THE EVOLVING THREAT LANDSCAPE, EFFECTIVE CYBER-OPS OFTEN INVOLVE A TEAM OF CYBERSECURITY ANALYSTS AND ENGINEERS WITH COMPLEMENTARY EXPERTISE. THE ANALYSTS NEED EFFECTIVE, USABLE, AND POTENTIALLY CUSTOMIZED DATA ANALYTICS, WHICH ARE DEVELOPED BY OR IN COLLABORATION WITH THE ENGINEERS. CURRENTLY, IN-SERVICE TRAINING FOR CYBERSECURITY ANALYSTS AND ENGINEERS WHO NEED TO USE DATA ANALYTICS FOR CYBER-OPS ARE LIMITED. NO EXISTING PROGRAM ADDRESSES THE NEED TO DEVELOP THE COLLABORATIVE MINDSETS AND PRACTICES THAT ARE NECESSARY TO WORK EFFECTIVELY TOGETHER. THIS PROJECT AIMS TO DEVELOP AN INNOVATIVE DUAL-TRACK LEARNING PROGRAM FOR WORKING CYBERSECURITY ANALYSTS AND ENGINEERS THAT LEVERAGES ROLE-PLAYING WITHIN A SIMULATED ORGANIZATION AND INVOLVES TASKS THAT ARE SPECIFIC TO EACH GROUP AS WELL AS TASKS WHERE THEY NEED TO WORK TOGETHER AS A TEAM. THIS INNOVATIVE DESIGN WILL HELP PROMOTE COLLABORATION WHILE ALSO ENHANCING LEARNING OF SPECIFIC DATA ANALYTIC KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS NEEDED BY EACH TYPE OF PROFESSIONAL IN A REALISTIC WORK ENVIRONMENT. THE PROGRAM FEATURES A COMBINATION OF REMOTE LEARNING MODULES AND TASKS, TEAM COACH SESSIONS, AND TEAM-BASED INCIDENT RESPONSE EXERCISES. PROGRESSIVELY DEEPER LEARNING ABOUT DATA ANALYTICS WILL OCCUR AS THE SCALE AND COMPLEXITY OF THE CYBER-OP TASKS ASSIGNED TO THE PARTICIPANTS, AS MEMBERS OF A SIMULATED ORGANIZATION, ARE GRADUALLY INCREASED. THE PROGRAM WAS DESIGNED IN COLLABORATION WITH EDUCATION RESEARCHERS. THE DESIGN IS INFORMED BY EDUCATION THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES, INCLUDING IDENTITY THEORY, PROJECT-BASED DESIGN, UNDERSTANDING BY DESIGN, AND UNIVERSAL DESIGN FOR LEARNING. THE PROGRAM?S DESIGN WILL ALSO BUILD ON PRIOR SUCCESSFUL EXPERIENCES WITH ENTRY-LEVEL CYBERSECURITY BOOTCAMPS EMPLOYING SIMULATIONS, CYBERSECURITY COMPETITIONS, AND TEACHING AND DEPLOYMENT OF RESEARCH ADVANCES FOR CYBER-OPS. THE PROGRAM WILL BE REFINED THROUGH THREE ITERATIONS FOLLOWING A DESIGN-BASED RESEARCH APPROACH, AND ITS EFFECTS EVALUATED BY AN EXTERNAL EVALUATION TEAM. THIS AWARD REFLECTS NSF'S STATUTORY MISSION AND HAS BEEN DEEMED WORTHY OF SUPPORT THROUGH EVALUATION USING THE FOUNDATION'S INTELLECTUAL MERIT AND BROADER IMPACTS REVIEW CRITERIA.- SUBAWARDS ARE NOT PLANNED FOR THIS AWARD.

NURSE ANESTHETIST TRAINEESHIPS

HEALTH CARE AND OTHER FACILITIES

COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: MULTIMODAL SIGNALING IN RHINOCEROS BEETLES

RUI: STATIONARY PHASE DEVELOPMENT FOR CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF SOLUTE INTERACTIONS WITH PHOSPHOLIPID MEMBRANES

ELUCIDATION AND REGULATION OF RHODOQUINONE BIOSYNTHESIS IN RHODOSPIRILLUM RUBRUM

COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: RUI: MULTILEVEL EFFECTS OF URBANIZATION ON WILDLIFE HEALTH: AN INTEGRATIVE APPROACH -URBAN AREAS ARE GROWING WORLDWIDE, CAUSING SIGNIFICANT LOSS OF HABITAT FOR WILDLIFE. EXACTLY HOW SUCH CHANGES IN HABITAT LEAD TO DECLINES IN WILDLIFE POPULATIONS IS NOT FULLY UNDERSTOOD. THE ASSOCIATED MECHANISMS ARE HARD TO STUDY BECAUSE THE SPECIES MOST NEGATIVELY IMPACTED SIMPLY DON?T OCCUR IN URBAN HABITATS. THIS PROJECT FOCUSES ON A SPECIES, THE WESTERN DEER MOUSE, THAT IS FOUND IN BOTH URBAN AND RURAL HABITATS. RESEARCHERS WILL COLLECT DATA ON HABITAT, SUCH AS FOOD AVAILABILITY AND NOISE, AND ON MOUSE HEALTH, SUCH AS IMMUNE FUNCTION AND STRESS, ALONG A GRADIENT FROM URBAN WOODLOTS TO NEARLY PRISTINE FORESTS IN AND AROUND SPOKANE, WASHINGTON. DATA WILL BE USED TO IDENTIFY WHICH FACTORS MOST IMPACT WILDLIFE HEALTH IN URBAN AREAS. BECAUSE WILDLIFE CAN CARRY DISEASES THAT ARE PASSED TO HUMANS, INFORMATION ABOUT THE HEALTH OF URBAN SPECIES HAS DIRECT RELEVANCE TO HUMAN HEALTH. MANY UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS FROM THREE INSTITUTIONS WILL BE INVOLVED IN THE STUDY, THEREBY GAINING IMPORTANT INTERDISCIPLINARY TRAINING. ADDITIONALLY, TWO IN-CLASS RESEARCH ACTIVITIES BASED ON THIS PROJECT WILL BE DEVELOPED AND IMPLEMENTED IN COURSES AT THE THREE INSTITUTIONS, GIVING HUNDREDS OF ADDITIONAL STUDENTS EXPERIENCE IN RESEARCH. PEROMYSCUS SONORIENSIS WAS SELECTED AS A MODEL ORGANISM BECAUSE IT INHABITS A WIDE DIVERSITY OF ENVIRONMENTS ACROSS AN URBANIZATION GRADIENT, THUS FACILITATING NATURAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSES OF DIRECT AND INDIRECT IMPACTS OF URBANIZATION. MOST OTHER STUDIES FOCUS ON ONLY ONE OR A FEW VARIABLES OF URBANIZATION AND THE MODELS THAT RESULT ARE SIMPLISTIC, AS MANY VARIABLES ARE INVOLVED AND FREQUENTLY CO-VARY. THIS STUDY USES A SUITE OF URBANIZATION VARIABLES THAT ARE PREDICTED TO AFFECT, AND BE INDICATORS OF, AN ANIMAL?S HEALTH. CORRESPONDINGLY, ?HEALTH? WILL BE ASSESSED WITH A VARIETY OF METRICS OF STRESS (ACUTE AND CHRONIC), BODY CONDITION (E.G., PARASITE INFECTION, REPRODUCTIVE STATUS), IMMUNE FUNCTION (E.G., QUANTIFICATION OF NEUTROPHILS, B CELLS, HELPER T CELLS), AND GUT MICROBIOME ANALYSIS. USING RESEARCH SITES LOCATED ALONG AN URBANIZATION GRADIENT, RESEARCHERS WILL: 1) QUANTIFY URBANIZATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS, 2) ASSESS MULTIPLE METRICS OF DEER MOUSE HEALTH, AND 3) INTEGRATE RESPONSES BETWEEN AND WITHIN HABITATS AND ORGANISMS TO INVESTIGATE MULTI-DIMENSIONAL EFFECTS OF URBANIZATION ON DEER MOUSE HEALTH. THE MECHANISM-BASED FINDINGS CAN BE USED IN EFFORTS TO CONSERVE OR REMEDIATE HABITATS IN THE FACE OF ENCROACHING URBANIZATION, ENABLING A PROACTIVE RATHER THAN REACTIVE APPROACH TO CONSERVATION AND RESTORATION. THIS AWARD REFLECTS NSF'S STATUTORY MISSION AND HAS BEEN DEEMED WORTHY OF SUPPORT THROUGH EVALUATION USING THE FOUNDATION'S INTELLECTUAL MERIT AND BROADER IMPACTS REVIEW CRITERIA.

COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: A BETTER MEASUREMENT OF THE PRIMORDIAL HELIUM ABUNDANCE -WITHIN FIVE MINUTES AFTER THE BIG BANG, DURING PRIMORDIAL NUCLEOSYNTHESIS, ALMOST ALL OF THE HELIUM IN THE UNIVERSE WAS PRODUCED. THE PRODUCTION OF THAT PRIMORDIAL HELIUM DEPENDS ON THE CONTENT AND INTERACTIONS OF THE UNIVERSE AT THAT TIME. THIS MAKES A PRECISE MEASUREMENT OF THE AMOUNT OF PRIMORDIAL HELIUM OF FUNDAMENTAL IMPORTANCE FOR TESTING MODELS OF NEW PHYSICS. USING OBSERVATIONS OF MORE THAN 40 METAL-POOR DWARF GALAXIES, THIS COLLABORATION BETWEEN SCIENTISTS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA, GONZAGA UNIVERSITY, AND THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY, WILL DETERMINE THE PRIMORDIAL HELIUM ABUNDANCE WITH UNPRECEDENTED PRECISION, PROVIDING A FUNDAMENTAL TEST OF MODELS OF NEW PHYSICS BEYOND THE STANDARD MODEL. THIS PROGRAM WILL HAVE BROADER IMPACTS THROUGH TRAINING GRADUATE STUDENTS, ENGAGING UNDERGRADUATES IN RESEARCH, AND INSPIRING PUBLIC INTEREST IN SCIENCE. THE PUBLIC OUTREACH COMPONENTS OF THIS PROGRAM CONSIST OF CONTINUING THE UNIVERSE IN THE PARK PROGRAM IN THE STATE OF MINNESOTA, THE USE OF THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY ARNE SLETTEBAK PLANETARIUM TO REACH ECONOMICALLY DISADVANTAGED (AND MINORITY-MAJORITY) URBAN SCHOOLS IN COLUMBUS AND MANY RURAL SCHOOLS IN OHIO, AND ENHANCED PARTICIPATION IN THE SCIENCE IN ACTION! PROGRAM FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN THE SPOKANE, WA AREA, TARGETING SCHOOLS WITH THE MOST UNDERSERVED AND DISADVANTAGED POPULATIONS. BUILDING ON SEVERAL RECENT INVESTMENTS AND BREAKTHROUGHS, IT IS NOW POSSIBLE TO REDUCE THE OBSERVATIONAL UNCERTAINTY ON THE PRIMORDIAL HELIUM ABUNDANCE TO BELOW 1%, TRANSLATING TO AN UNCERTAINTY OF APPROXIMATELY 3% ON THE NUMBER OF NEUTRINO FLAVORS. THE MULTI-OBJECT DOUBLE SPECTROGRAPHS (MODS) ON THE LARGE BINOCULAR TELESCOPE (LBT) ENABLE THE SIMULTANEOUS OBSERVATION OF MULTIPLE HYDROGEN AND HELIUM RECOMBINATION LINES NECESSARY FOR HIGH-FIDELITY MEASUREMENTS OF NEBULAR HELIUM ABUNDANCES. THIS PROGRAM WILL COMBINE LBT/MODS SPECTRA OF METAL-POOR GALAXIES WITH NEAR-INFRARED SPECTRA AND USE AN IMPROVED, SOPHISTICATED ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY TO DETERMINE HELIUM ABUNDANCES OF INDIVIDUAL TARGETS WITH UNCERTAINTIES OF APPROXIMATELY 2%. WITH NEW OBSERVATIONS OF MORE THAN 40 METAL-POOR GALAXIES, THE TEAM WILL MEASURE A VALUE FOR THE PRIMORDIAL HELIUM ABUNDANCE WITH AN UNCERTAINTY OF APPROXIMATELY 0.5%. THIS PROJECT TAKES ADVANTAGE OF THE RECENT DISCOVERIES OF MANY EXTREMELY METAL-POOR GALAXIES, ACCESS TO SENSITIVE NEW INSTRUMENTS ON LARGE TELESCOPES, AND INCREASINGLY SOPHISTICATED ABUNDANCE ANALYSIS METHODOLOGIES. A HIGHER PRECISION MEASUREMENT OF THE PRIMORDIAL HELIUM ABUNDANCE WILL PROVIDE A STRONG CONSTRAINT ON MANY PROPOSED MODELS EXTENDING THE STANDARD MODEL. THIS AWARD REFLECTS NSF'S STATUTORY MISSION AND HAS BEEN DEEMED WORTHY OF SUPPORT THROUGH EVALUATION USING THE FOUNDATION'S INTELLECTUAL MERIT AND BROADER IMPACTS REVIEW CRITERIA.

MRI: ACQUISITION OF A SPECTROPOLARIMETER: A CHIRO-OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY WORKBENCH

MRI-R2: ACQUISITION OF AN INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETER FOR MULTI-DEPARTMENT RESEARCH PROJECTS AT GONZAGA UNIVERSITY

THE PURPOSE OF THE LOW-INCOME TAXPAYER CLINIC LITC GRANT IS TO PROVIDE FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO, 1. A CLINICAL PROGRAM AT AN ACCREDITED LAW, BUSINESS, OR ACCOUNTING SCHOOL IN WHICH STUDENTS REPRESENT LOW-INCOME TAXPAYERS IN CONTROVERSIES ARISING UNDER IRC 7526. 2. AN ORGANIZATION DESCRIBED IN SECTION 501C AND EXEMPT FROM TAX UNDER SECTION 501A THROUGH REPRESENTATION OF TAXPAYERS OR REFERRAL OF TAXPAYERS TO QUALIFIED REPRESENTATIVES. ACTIVITIES TO BE PERFORMED UNDER THE LITC PROGRAM, THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE AWARDS GRANTS SO THAT GRANT RECIPIENTS ARE ABLE TO PROVIDE TAX REPRESENTATION BEFORE THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE OR OTHER TRIBUNAL ON FEDERAL TAX MATTERS, EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES ON VARIOUS TAX TOPICS AND ADVOCACY ON TAX ISSUES IMPACTING THE INTENDED BENEFICIARIES. END GOAL AND EXPECTED OUTCOMES, THE LITC PROGRAM AWARDS GRANTS TO, 1. OPEN NEW AND WORK PREVIOUSLY OPENED REPRESENTATION CASES. 2. CONSULT WITH TAXPAYERS ON THEIR SPECIFIC TAX ISSUE. 3. CONDUCT EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES. 4. MAKE CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE IMPROVEMENT TO TAX ADMINISTRATION BY ADVOCATING FOR CHANGES OR IMPROVEMENTS TO IRS ADMINISTRATION. INTENDED BENEFICIARIES, TAXPAYERS WITH INCOMES THAT DO NOT EXCEED 250 PERCENT OF THE FEDERAL POVERTY GUIDELINES AND TAXPAYERS FOR WHOM ENGLISH IS THEIR SECOND LANGUAGE. SUBRECIPIENT ACTIVITIES, IN LIMITED CIRCUMSTANCES AND WITH ADVANCED APPROVAL BY THE LITC PROGRAM OFFICE, SUBRECIPIENTS MAY BE UTILIZED BY GRANT RECIPIENTS TO HELP DELIVER KEY BROADBAND ELEMENTS OF THE PROGRAM. 5. REASON FOR MODIFICATION IF SHOWING A POSITIVE AMOUNT IS AN OBLIGATION FOR THE YEAR THAT IS REPRESENTED BY THE FIRST TWO DIGITS OF THE PRIME AWARD I.D., IF SHOWING A NEGATIVE AMOUNT IT IS A DE-OBLIGATION OR A RETURN OF FUNDS FOR THE YEAR REPRESENTED BY THE FIRST TWO DIGITS OF THE PRIME AWARD I.D.

MEDIEVAL POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY: ISLAMIC, JEWISH, AND CHRISTIAN

THE PURPOSE OF THE LOW-INCOME TAXPAYER CLINIC LITC GRANT IS TO PROVIDE FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO, 1. A CLINICAL PROGRAM AT AN ACCREDITED LAW, BUSINESS, OR ACCOUNTING SCHOOL IN WHICH STUDENTS REPRESENT LOW-INCOME TAXPAYERS IN CONTROVERSIES ARISING UNDER IRC 7526. 2. AN ORGANIZATION DESCRIBED IN SECTION 501C AND EXEMPT FROM TAX UNDER SECTION 501A THROUGH REPRESENTATION OF TAXPAYERS OR REFERRAL OF TAXPAYERS TO QUALIFIED REPRESENTATIVES. ACTIVITIES TO BE PERFORMED UNDER THE LITC PROGRAM, THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE AWARDS GRANTS SO THAT GRANT RECIPIENTS ARE ABLE TO PROVIDE TAX REPRESENTATION BEFORE THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE OR OTHER TRIBUNAL ON FEDERAL TAX MATTERS, EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES ON VARIOUS TAX TOPICS AND ADVOCACY ON TAX ISSUES IMPACTING THE INTENDED BENEFICIARIES. END GOAL AND EXPECTED OUTCOMES, THE LITC PROGRAM AWARDS GRANTS TO, 1. OPEN NEW AND WORK PREVIOUSLY OPENED REPRESENTATION CASES. 2. CONSULT WITH TAXPAYERS ON THEIR SPECIFIC TAX ISSUE. 3. CONDUCT EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES. 4. MAKE CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE IMPROVEMENT TO TAX ADMINISTRATION BY ADVOCATING FOR CHANGES OR IMPROVEMENTS TO IRS ADMINISTRATION. INTENDED BENEFICIARIES, TAXPAYERS WITH INCOMES THAT DO NOT EXCEED 250 PERCENT OF THE FEDERAL POVERTY GUIDELINES AND TAXPAYERS FOR WHOM ENGLISH IS THEIR SECOND LANGUAGE. SUBRECIPIENT ACTIVITIES, IN LIMITED CIRCUMSTANCES AND WITH ADVANCED APPROVAL BY THE LITC PROGRAM OFFICE, SUBRECIPIENTS MAY BE UTILIZED BY GRANT RECIPIENTS TO HELP DELIVER KEY BROADBAND ELEMENTS OF THE PROGRAM. 5. REASON FOR MODIFICATION IF SHOWING A POSITIVE AMOUNT IS AN OBLIGATION FOR THE YEAR THAT IS REPRESENTED BY THE FIRST TWO DIGITS OF THE PRIME AWARD I.D., IF SHOWING A NEGATIVE AMOUNT IT IS A DEOBLIGATION OR A RETURN OF FUNDS FOR THE YEAR REPRESENTED BY THE FIRST TWO DIGITS OF THE PRIME AWARD I.D.

PHAGE DISCOVERY GOES VIRAL: ENGAGING ALL BIOLOGY STUDENTS IN RESEARCH

THE PURPOSE OF THE LOW-INCOME TAXPAYER CLINIC LITC GRANT IS TO PROVIDE FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO, 1. A CLINICAL PROGRAM AT AN ACCREDITED LAW, BUSINESS, OR ACCOUNTING SCHOOL IN WHICH STUDENTS REPRESENT LOW-INCOME TAXPAYERS IN CONTROVERSIES ARISING UNDER IRC 7526. 2. AN ORGANIZATION DESCRIBED IN SECTION 501C AND EXEMPT FROM TAX UNDER SECTION 501A THROUGH REPRESENTATION OF TAXPAYERS OR REFERRAL OF TAXPAYERS TO QUALIFIED REPRESENTATIVES. ACTIVITIES TO BE PERFORMED UNDER THE LITC PROGRAM, THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE AWARDS GRANTS SO THAT GRANT RECIPIENTS ARE ABLE TO PROVIDE TAX REPRESENTATION BEFORE THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE OR OTHER TRIBUNAL ON FEDERAL TAX MATTERS, EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES ON VARIOUS TAX TOPICS AND ADVOCACY ON TAX ISSUES IMPACTING THE INTENDED BENEFICIARIES. END GOAL AND EXPECTED OUTCOMES, THE LITC PROGRAM AWARDS GRANTS TO, 1. OPEN NEW AND WORK PREVIOUSLY OPENED REPRESENTATION CASES. 2. CONSULT WITH TAXPAYERS ON THEIR SPECIFIC TAX ISSUE. 3. CONDUCT EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES. 4. MAKE CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE IMPROVEMENT TO TAX ADMINISTRATION BY ADVOCATING FOR CHANGES OR IMPROVEMENTS TO IRS ADMINISTRATION. INTENDED BENEFICIARIES, TAXPAYERS WITH INCOMES THAT DO NOT EXCEED 250 PERCENT OF THE FEDERAL POVERTY GUIDELINES AND TAXPAYERS FOR WHOM ENGLISH IS THEIR SECOND LANGUAGE. SUBRECIPIENT ACTIVITIES, IN LIMITED CIRCUMSTANCES AND WITH ADVANCED APPROVAL BY THE LITC PROGRAM OFFICE, SUBRECIPIENTS MAY BE UTILIZED BY GRANT RECIPIENTS TO HELP DELIVER KEY BROADBAND ELEMENTS OF THE PROGRAM. 5. REASON FOR MODIFICATION IF SHOWING A POSITIVE AMOUNT IS AN OBLIGATION FOR THE YEAR THAT IS REPRESENTED BY THE FIRST TWO DIGITS OF THE PRIME AWARD I.D., IF SHOWING A NEGATIVE AMOUNT IT IS A DEOBLIGATION OR A RETURN OF FUNDS FOR THE YEAR REPRESENTED BY THE FIRST TWO DIGITS OF THE PRIME AWARD I.D.

COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: EVOLUTION OF COOPERATION IN SOCIAL WOODPECKERS

ZAGAPPS: MOBILE DEVICE APPLICATIONS LABORATORY

THE PURPOSE OF THE LOW-INCOME TAXPAYER CLINIC LITC GRANT IS TO PROVIDE FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO, 1. A CLINICAL PROGRAM AT AN ACCREDITED LAW, BUSINESS, OR ACCOUNTING SCHOOL IN WHICH STUDENTS REPRESENT LOW-INCOME TAXPAYERS IN CONTROVERSIES ARISING UNDER IRC 7526. 2. AN ORGANIZATION DESCRIBED IN SECTION 501C AND EXEMPT FROM TAX UNDER SECTION 501A THROUGH REPRESENTATION OF TAXPAYERS OR REFERRAL OF TAXPAYERS TO QUALIFIED REPRESENTATIVES. ACTIVITIES TO BE PERFORMED UNDER THE LITC PROGRAM, THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE AWARDS GRANTS SO THAT GRANT RECIPIENTS ARE ABLE TO PROVIDE TAX REPRESENTATION BEFORE THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE OR OTHER TRIBUNAL ON FEDERAL TAX MATTERS, EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES ON VARIOUS TAX TOPICS AND ADVOCACY ON TAX ISSUES IMPACTING THE INTENDED BENEFICIARIES. END GOAL AND EXPECTED OUTCOMES, THE LITC PROGRAM AWARDS GRANTS TO, 1. OPEN NEW AND WORK PREVIOUSLY OPENED REPRESENTATION CASES. 2. CONSULT WITH TAXPAYERS ON THEIR SPECIFIC TAX ISSUE. 3. CONDUCT EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES. 4. MAKE CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE IMPROVEMENT TO TAX ADMINISTRATION BY ADVOCATING FOR CHANGES OR IMPROVEMENTS TO IRS ADMINISTRATION. INTENDED BENEFICIARIES, TAXPAYERS WITH INCOMES THAT DO NOT EXCEED 250 PERCENT OF THE FEDERAL POVERTY GUIDELINES AND TAXPAYERS FOR WHOM ENGLISH IS THEIR SECOND LANGUAGE. SUBRECIPIENT ACTIVITIES, IN LIMITED CIRCUMSTANCES AND WITH ADVANCED APPROVAL BY THE LITC PROGRAM OFFICE, SUBRECIPIENTS MAY BE UTILIZED BY GRANT RECIPIENTS TO HELP DELIVER KEY BROADBAND ELEMENTS OF THE PROGRAM. 5. REASON FOR MODIFICATION IF SHOWING A POSITIVE AMOUNT IS AN OBLIGATION FOR THE YEAR THAT IS REPRESENTED BY THE FIRST TWO DIGITS OF THE PRIME AWARD I.D., IF SHOWING A NEGATIVE AMOUNT IT IS A DE-OBLIGATION OR A RETURN OF FUNDS FOR THE YEAR REPRESENTED BY THE FIRST TWO DIGITS OF THE PRIME AWARD I.D.

THE PURPOSE OF THE LOW-INCOME TAXPAYER CLINIC LITC GRANT IS TO PROVIDE FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO, 1. A CLINICAL PROGRAM AT AN ACCREDITED LAW, BUSINESS, OR ACCOUNTING SCHOOL IN WHICH STUDENTS REPRESENT LOW-INCOME TAXPAYERS IN CONTROVERSIES ARISING UNDER IRC 7526. 2. AN ORGANIZATION DESCRIBED IN SECTION 501C AND EXEMPT FROM TAX UNDER SECTION 501A THROUGH REPRESENTATION OF TAXPAYERS OR REFERRAL OF TAXPAYERS TO QUALIFIED REPRESENTATIVES. ACTIVITIES TO BE PERFORMED UNDER THE LITC PROGRAM, THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE AWARDS GRANTS SO THAT GRANT RECIPIENTS ARE ABLE TO PROVIDE TAX REPRESENTATION BEFORE THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE OR OTHER TRIBUNAL ON FEDERAL TAX MATTERS, EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES ON VARIOUS TAX TOPICS AND ADVOCACY ON TAX ISSUES IMPACTING THE INTENDED BENEFICIARIES. END GOAL AND EXPECTED OUTCOMES, THE LITC PROGRAM AWARDS GRANTS TO, 1. OPEN NEW AND WORK PREVIOUSLY OPENED REPRESENTATION CASES. 2. CONSULT WITH TAXPAYERS ON THEIR SPECIFIC TAX ISSUE. 3. CONDUCT EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES. 4. MAKE CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE IMPROVEMENT TO TAX ADMINISTRATION BY ADVOCATING FOR CHANGES OR IMPROVEMENTS TO IRS ADMINISTRATION. INTENDED BENEFICIARIES, TAXPAYERS WITH INCOMES THAT DO NOT EXCEED 250 PERCENT OF THE FEDERAL POVERTY GUIDELINES AND TAXPAYERS FOR WHOM ENGLISH IS THEIR SECOND LANGUAGE. SUBRECIPIENT ACTIVITIES, IN LIMITED CIRCUMSTANCES AND WITH ADVANCED APPROVAL BY THE LITC PROGRAM OFFICE, SUBRECIPIENTS MAY BE UTILIZED BY GRANT RECIPIENTS TO HELP DELIVER KEY BROADBAND ELEMENTS OF THE PROGRAM. 5. REASON FOR MODIFICATION IF SHOWING A POSITIVE AMOUNT IS AN OBLIGATION FOR THE YEAR THAT IS REPRESENTED BY THE FIRST TWO DIGITS OF THE PRIME AWARD I.D., IF SHOWING A NEGATIVE AMOUNT IT IS A DEOBLIGATION OR A RETURN OF FUNDS FOR THE YEAR REPRESENTED BY THE FIRST TWO DIGITS OF THE PRIME AWARD I.D.

THE PURPOSE OF THE LOW-INCOME TAXPAYER CLINIC LITC GRANT IS TO PROVIDE FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO, 1. A CLINICAL PROGRAM AT AN ACCREDITED LAW, BUSINESS, OR ACCOUNTING SCHOOL IN WHICH STUDENTS REPRESENT LOW-INCOME TAXPAYERS IN CONTROVERSIES ARISING UNDER IRC 7526. 2. AN ORGANIZATION DESCRIBED IN SECTION 501C AND EXEMPT FROM TAX UNDER SECTION 501A THROUGH REPRESENTATION OF TAXPAYERS OR REFERRAL OF TAXPAYERS TO QUALIFIED REPRESENTATIVES. ACTIVITIES TO BE PERFORMED UNDER THE LITC PROGRAM, THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE AWARDS GRANTS SO THAT GRANT RECIPIENTS ARE ABLE TO PROVIDE TAX REPRESENTATION BEFORE THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE OR OTHER TRIBUNAL ON FEDERAL TAX MATTERS, EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES ON VARIOUS TAX TOPICS AND ADVOCACY ON TAX ISSUES IMPACTING THE INTENDED BENEFICIARIES. END GOAL AND EXPECTED OUTCOMES, THE LITC PROGRAM AWARDS GRANTS TO, 1. OPEN NEW AND WORK PREVIOUSLY OPENED REPRESENTATION CASES. 2. CONSULT WITH TAXPAYERS ON THEIR SPECIFIC TAX ISSUE. 3. CONDUCT EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES. 4. MAKE CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE IMPROVEMENT TO TAX ADMINISTRATION BY ADVOCATING FOR CHANGES OR IMPROVEMENTS TO IRS ADMINISTRATION. INTENDED BENEFICIARIES, TAXPAYERS WITH INCOMES THAT DO NOT EXCEED 250 PERCENT OF THE FEDERAL POVERTY GUIDELINES AND TAXPAYERS FOR WHOM ENGLISH IS THEIR SECOND LANGUAGE. SUBRECIPIENT ACTIVITIES, IN LIMITED CIRCUMSTANCES AND WITH ADVANCED APPROVAL BY THE LITC PROGRAM OFFICE, SUBRECIPIENTS MAY BE UTILIZED BY GRANT RECIPIENTS TO HELP DELIVER KEY BROADBAND ELEMENTS OF THE PROGRAM. 5. REASON FOR MODIFICATION IF SHOWING A POSITIVE AMOUNT IS AN OBLIGATION FOR THE YEAR THAT IS REPRESENTED BY THE FIRST TWO DIGITS OF THE PRIME AWARD I.D., IF SHOWING A NEGATIVE AMOUNT IT IS A DEOBLIGATION OR A RETURN OF FUNDS FOR THE YEAR REPRESENTED BY THE FIRST TWO DIGITS OF THE PRIME AWARD I.D.

LOW INCOME TAXPAYER CLINIC

LOW INCOME TAXPAYER CLINIC

COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: REPRODUCTIVE FITNESS AND SHARING IN COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES

DESCRIPTION:THE PROJECT PROVIDES FUNDING TO THE GONZAGA UNIVERSITY CENTER FOR THE CLIMATE, SOCIETY, AND THE ENVIRONMENT'S CLIMATE LITERACY PROJECT TO IMPLEMENT ITS PROJECT, WHICH WILL DESIGN, DEMONSTRATE, AND DISSEMINATE ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION PRACTICES, METHODS, AND TECHNIQUES, THAT WILL SERVE TO INCREASE ENVIRONMENTAL LITERACY AND ENCOURAGE BEHAVIOR THAT WILL BENEFIT THE ENVIRONMENT IN NORTHEAST WASHINGTON. THE GRANTEE WILL DO THIS BY HELPING TEACHERS AND STUDENTS TO BETTER UNDERSTAND AND RESPOND TO THE CHALLENGES OF CLIMATE CHANGE. ACTIVITIES:THIS PROJECT WILL INCREASE PUBLIC AWARENESS AND KNOWLEDGE ABOUT CLIMATE CHANGE IN NORTHEAST WASHINGTON AND PROVIDE PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT ON TEACHING CLIMATE-RELATED TOPICS TO 50 MIDDLE SCHOOL TEACHERS IN SEVEN COUNTIES WHO WILL REACH OVER 5,000 STUDENTS. THESE PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES WILL HELP PARTICIPATING EDUCATORS UNDERSTAND AND INCORPORATE CLIMATE SCIENCE WITH A FOCUS ON WAYS TO MAKE IT LOCAL AND KEEP IT HOPEFUL. EMPHASIS WILL BE GIVEN TO STUDENT VOICE, ECO-ANXIETY, AND THE POWER OF STUDENT AGENCY. ALSO, THIS PROJECT WILL CREATE A CLIMATE LITERACY FELLOW PROGRAM CONSISTING OF GONZAGA UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS. THESE CLIMATE LITERACY FELLOWS WILL DELIVER HANDS-ON AND ENGAGING CLIMATE LITERACY ACTIVITIES TO AROUND 15 UPPER ELEMENTARY AND MIDDLE SCHOOL CLASSROOMS IN THE SPOKANE PUBLIC SCHOOLS DISTRICT, INCLUDING 6 TITLE I SCHOOLS, AND AIMS TO REACH OVER 400 STUDENTS.SUBRECIPIENT:.FIVE SUBAWARDS WILL BE GIVEN TO NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS TO IMPLEMENT ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION ACTIVITIES THAT CONTRIBUTE TO THE SUCCESS OF THE PROJECT - TEACH STUDENTS ABOUT FIELD STUDY METHODS TO MEASURE CLIMATE CHANGE; TEACH ABOUT CLIMATE RESILIENT LANDSCAPE PRESENT AT A LOCAL NATURE PRESERVE; TEACH HANDS-ON, STANDARDS BASED INSTRUCTION ON THE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND LEARN ABOUT WAYS THE STUDENTS CAN CHANGE BEHAVIORS TO HELP OUT LOCAL ECOSYSTEMS; DEVELOP AND TEACH A CLIMATE LITERACY CURRICULUM APPROPRIATE TO A MIDDLE SCHOOL/HIGH SCHOOL AUDIENCE; AND LEAD STUDENTS ON EDUCATIONAL, WATER AND AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM RELATED EXPEDITIONS ALONG THE SPOKANE RIVER AND ITS TRIBUTARIES.OUTCOMES:IT IS ANTICIPATED THAT THIS PROJECT WILL RESULT IN THE FOLLOWING DELIVERABLES: THE CLIMATE LITERACY WORKSHOPS AND THE COLLEGE FELLOWS DELIVERING AND IMPLEMENTING THE HANDS-ON CLIMATE LESSONS TO 4TH-8TH GRADE YOUTH. THE EXPECTED OUTCOMES WILL BENEFIT THE TEACHERS AND STUDENTS WITH THE TEACHERS IMPROVING COMPETENCE AND CONFIDENCE TO TEACH CLIMATE SCIENCE; FELLOWS ENHANCING STUDENT AWARENESS OF ENERGY ALTERNATIVES; AND BOTH PROGRAMS PROMOTING INCREASED CLIMATE LITERACY AND STEWARDSHIP ACROSS NORTHEAST WASHINGTON, INCLUDING LOW-INCOME SCHOOLS IN URBAN AND RURAL AREA AND HIGH POVERTY COUNTIES WITH MODIFIED BEHAVIOR TO REDUCE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS AMONGST INDIVIDUALS AND FAMILIES.

FINDING OUR WAY: DIGITAL DEEP MAPPING TO FOSTER A SENSE OF PLACE FOR UNDERREPRESENTED COMMUNITIES [FINDING OUR WAY (FOW) IS A DEEP MAPPING PROJECT DESIGNED TO BUILD COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT, CIVIC CAPACITY, AND CREATE A SENSE OF PLACE FOR UNDERSERVED COMMUNITIES, WHILE ALSO ADDRESSING HISTORICAL INEQUITIES AND THE CULTURAL EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE. AS A MULTIMODAL PROJECT, FOW COMBINES A DIGITAL PLATFORM WITH THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT TO CRAFT ACTIVE LEARNING AND ENGAGEMENT EXPERIENCES, WHICH IN TURN, ALLOW COMMUNITIES TO INSCRIBE MEANING INTO THEIR HOME PLACES.]

LOW INCOME TAXPAYER CLINIC

THE PURPOSE OF THE LOW-INCOME TAXPAYER CLINIC LITC GRANT IS TO PROVIDE FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO, 1. A CLINICAL PROGRAM AT AN ACCREDITED LAW, BUSINESS, OR ACCOUNTING SCHOOL IN WHICH STUDENTS REPRESENT LOW-INCOME TAXPAYERS IN CONTROVERSIES ARISING UNDER IRC 7526. 2. AN ORGANIZATION DESCRIBED IN SECTION 501C AND EXEMPT FROM TAX UNDER SECTION 501A THROUGH REPRESENTATION OF TAXPAYERS OR REFERRAL OF TAXPAYERS TO QUALIFIED REPRESENTATIVES. ACTIVITIES TO BE PERFORMED UNDER THE LITC PROGRAM, THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE AWARDS GRANTS SO THAT GRANT RECIPIENTS ARE ABLE TO PROVIDE TAX REPRESENTATION BEFORE THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE OR OTHER TRIBUNAL ON FEDERAL TAX MATTERS, EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES ON VARIOUS TAX TOPICS AND ADVOCACY ON TAX ISSUES IMPACTING THE INTENDED BENEFICIARIES. END GOAL AND EXPECTED OUTCOMES, THE LITC PROGRAM AWARDS GRANTS TO, 1. OPEN NEW AND WORK PREVIOUSLY OPENED REPRESENTATION CASES. 2. CONSULT WITH TAXPAYERS ON THEIR SPECIFIC TAX ISSUE. 3. CONDUCT EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES. 4. MAKE CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE IMPROVEMENT TO TAX ADMINISTRATION BY ADVOCATING FOR CHANGES OR IMPROVEMENTS TO IRS ADMINISTRATION. INTENDED BENEFICIARIES, TAXPAYERS WITH INCOMES THAT DO NOT EXCEED 250 PERCENT OF THE FEDERAL POVERTY GUIDELINES AND TAXPAYERS FOR WHOM ENGLISH IS THEIR SECOND LANGUAGE. SUBRECIPIENT ACTIVITIES, IN LIMITED CIRCUMSTANCES AND WITH ADVANCED APPROVAL BY THE LITC PROGRAM OFFICE, SUBRECIPIENTS MAY BE UTILIZED BY GRANT RECIPIENTS TO HELP DELIVER KEY BROADBAND ELEMENTS OF THE PROGRAM. 5. REASON FOR MODIFICATION IF SHOWING A POSITIVE AMOUNT IS AN OBLIGATION FOR THE YEAR THAT IS REPRESENTED BY THE FIRST TWO DIGITS OF THE PRIME AWARD I.D., IF SHOWING A NEGATIVE AMOUNT IT IS A DEOBLIGATION OR A RETURN OF FUNDS FOR THE YEAR REPRESENTED BY THE FIRST TWO DIGITS OF THE PRIME AWARD I.D.

THE PURPOSE OF THE LOW-INCOME TAXPAYER CLINIC LITC GRANT IS TO PROVIDE FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO, 1. A CLINICAL PROGRAM AT AN ACCREDITED LAW, BUSINESS, OR ACCOUNTING SCHOOL IN WHICH STUDENTS REPRESENT LOW-INCOME TAXPAYERS IN CONTROVERSIES ARISING UNDER IRC 7526. 2. AN ORGANIZATION DESCRIBED IN SECTION 501C AND EXEMPT FROM TAX UNDER SECTION 501A THROUGH REPRESENTATION OF TAXPAYERS OR REFERRAL OF TAXPAYERS TO QUALIFIED REPRESENTATIVES. ACTIVITIES TO BE PERFORMED UNDER THE LITC PROGRAM, THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE AWARDS GRANTS SO THAT GRANT RECIPIENTS ARE ABLE TO PROVIDE TAX REPRESENTATION BEFORE THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE OR OTHER TRIBUNAL ON FEDERAL TAX MATTERS, EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES ON VARIOUS TAX TOPICS AND ADVOCACY ON TAX ISSUES IMPACTING THE INTENDED BENEFICIARIES. END GOAL AND EXPECTED OUTCOMES, THE LITC PROGRAM AWARDS GRANTS TO, 1. OPEN NEW AND WORK PREVIOUSLY OPENED REPRESENTATION CASES. 2. CONSULT WITH TAXPAYERS ON THEIR SPECIFIC TAX ISSUE. 3. CONDUCT EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES. 4. MAKE CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE IMPROVEMENT TO TAX ADMINISTRATION BY ADVOCATING FOR CHANGES OR IMPROVEMENTS TO IRS ADMINISTRATION. INTENDED BENEFICIARIES, TAXPAYERS WITH INCOMES THAT DO NOT EXCEED 250 PERCENT OF THE FEDERAL POVERTY GUIDELINES AND TAXPAYERS FOR WHOM ENGLISH IS THEIR SECOND LANGUAGE. SUBRECIPIENT ACTIVITIES, IN LIMITED CIRCUMSTANCES AND WITH ADVANCED APPROVAL BY THE LITC PROGRAM OFFICE, SUBRECIPIENTS MAY BE UTILIZED BY GRANT RECIPIENTS TO HELP DELIVER KEY BROADBAND ELEMENTS OF THE PROGRAM. 5. REASON FOR MODIFICATION IF SHOWING A POSITIVE AMOUNT IS AN OBLIGATION FOR THE YEAR THAT IS REPRESENTED BY THE FIRST TWO DIGITS OF THE PRIME AWARD I.D., IF SHOWING A NEGATIVE AMOUNT IT IS A DEOBLIGATION OR A RETURN OF FUNDS FOR THE YEAR REPRESENTED BY THE FIRST TWO DIGITS OF THE PRIME AWARD I.D.

LOW INCOME TAXPAYER CLINIC

LOW INCOME TAXPAYER CLINIC

LOW INCOME TAXPAYER CLINIC

GONZAGA UNIVERSITY STARTALK CHINESE PROGRAM

LOW INCOME TAXPAYER CLINIC

THE PURPOSE OF THIS PROJECT IS TO COMPLETE THE DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES TO SUPPORT SAFE DRINKING WATER AND IMPROVED INDOOR AIR QUALITY

STARTALK GRANT

LOW INCOME TAXPAYER CLINIC

TELLING WAR: SOLDIERS' ACCOUNTS OF WARTIME EXPERIENCES

LOW INCOME TAXPAYER CLINIC

LOW INCOME TAXPAYER CLINIC

STARTALK LANGUAGE INITIATIVE

COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: 2019 AGEP NATIONAL RESEARCH MEETING

STARTALK LANGUAGE INITIATIVE

(DURIP) KEYENCE CONFOCAL MICROSCOPE TO INVESTIGATE EPOXY SEGREGATION FOR ACRYLATE/EPOXY ADVANCED MATRIX C-FIBER COMPOSITES

NURSE ANESTHETIST TRAINEESHIPS

STARTALK LANGUAGE INITIATIVE

NURSE ANESTHETIST TRAINEESHIPS

RUI: HELIUM ABUNDANCE DETERMINATIONS FROM A DETAILED ANALYSIS OF DATA FROM THE SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY

FINDING OUR WAY: FOSTERING A SENSE OF PLACE FOR UNDERREPRESENTED COMMUNITIES [FINDING OUR WAY: FOSTERING A SENSE OF PLACE FOR UNDERREPRESENTED COMMUNITIES RESPONDS TO CONSTRUCTION OF A HIGHWAY IN SPOKANE, WA THAT BISECTS LOW-INCOME NEIGHBORHOODS, SEVERING RESIDENTIAL AREAS FROM SCHOOLS AND BUSINESSES. CONSTRUCTION INCLUDES THE ?CHILDREN OF THE SUN TRAIL? PEDESTRIAN TRAIL THAT PARALLELS THE HIGHWAY, FOR RESIDENTS TO NAVIGATE THE HIGHWAY FRAGMENTING THEIR NEIGHBORHOODS. ETHNOBOTANICAL PLANTINGS WILL GROUND STORIES ABOUT THE ROLE NATIVE PLANTS HAVE HAD AND CONTINUE TO HAVE IN THE SPOKANE TRIBE, WHO HAVE BEEN DISPLACED FROM THE LAND THE TRAIL OCCUPIES. FINDING OUR WAY BRINGS TOGETHER COMMUNITY STAKEHOLDERS AND THE SPOKANE TRIBE TO DESIGN A WEBSITE FOR SEVERAL MARGINALIZED COMMUNITIES TO TELL STORIES ABOUT THEIR COMMUNITY CULTURE AND IDENTITY THROUGH COLLABORATIVE GEOGRAPHY, COMMUNITY DIALOGUE, AND PLACE MAKING THAT RENDERS OTHERWISE INVISIBLE COMMUNITIES VISIBLE VIA INTERWOVEN DIGITAL NARRATIVES THAT CENTER THE INTERRELATIONS BETWEEN DIVERSE GEO-CULTURAL NARRATIVES.]

DESCRIPTION:THE PURPOSE OF THIS PROJECT IS TO DEVELOP BIOCHAR ADSORBENTS WITH PFAS REMOVAL EFFICIENCIES THAT RIVAL OR EXCEED THAT OF ESTABLISHED ADSORBENTS (E.G., GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBON) WHILE ADDRESSING SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH WIDELY-USED POU TECHNOLOGIES. ACTIVITIES:THE PROJECT WILL USE AN INNOVATIVE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH COMBINING WATER QUALITY AND COMBUSTION ENGINEERING AS WELL AS A CUSTOM-DESIGNED EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS TO DESIGN EFFICIENT, LOW-COST, AND SUSTAINABLE BIOCHAR ADSORBENTS WHICH WILL ADDRESS PFAS POLLUTION IN DRINKING WATER.SUBRECIPIENT:NO SUBAWARDS ARE INCLUDED IN THIS ASSISTANCE AGREEMENT.OUTCOMES:OUTPUTS INCLUDE (I) IDENTIFICATION OF OPTIMAL PRODUCTION CONDITIONS SUCH AS PEAK TEMPERATURE, PRIMARY AIR FLOW RATE, AND INERT GAS AND STEAM LEVELS; (II) MODELS THAT PREDICT BIOCHAR ADSORBENT PERFORMANCE BASED ON ITS CHARACTERISTICS (E.G., SURFACE AREA); (III) SPECIFICATION OF BIOCHAR POU FILTER DESIGN CRITERIA INCLUDING EMPTY BED CONTACT TIMES AND BIOCHAR REPLACEMENT FREQUENCIES; AND (IV) HANDS-ON LEARNING MODULES FOR K-12 STUDENTS TO EXPLORE WATERSHED POLLUTION, CLIMATE CHANGE, AND SUSTAINABLE ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS FOLLOWING THE P3 APPROACH. THESE OUTPUTS WILL BE MEASURED AND TRACKED BY PEER-REVIEWED JOURNALS, ANNUAL REPORTS AND FINAL REPORTS. DIRECT BENEFICIARIES INCLUDE WATER DISINFECTION FACILITIES, SMALL, RURAL AND/OR DISADVANTAGED COMMUNITIES AFFECTED BY PFAS CONTAMINATION, AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGERS.

IT HAPPENS TO EVERYONE: PUI RESEARCH INTEGRITY AND RESPONSIBLE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH

NEH ENDURING QUESTIONS COURSE ON THE PURPOSE AND VALUE OF PLAY

THIS PROJECTS INTEGRATED APPROACH WILL PROMOTE MORE SUSTAINABLE HOUSING THAT REQUIRES LESS ENERGY TO CONSTRUCT, LESS ENERGY TO OPERATE, AND GENERA

THE OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT IS TO DEVELOP A SIMPLE VENTILATION SYSTEM FOR KITCHENS IN DWELLINGS IN KITALE, KENYA GENERATED FROM THERMOELECTRIC CELLS

NURSE ANESTHETIST TRAINEESHIPS

SYMPOSIUM: BIOMATERIALS: PROPERTIES, VARIATION AND EVOLUTION- WINTER, 2009 IN BOSTON, MA

THE PRIMARY GOAL OF THIS PROJECT IS TO DEVELOP A SUSTAINABLE CARBON NEUTRAL BIO-FUEL TO POWER ELECTRICAL GENERATORS FROM EXISTING AGRICULTURAL WASTE

TO SUPPORT THE VISITING WRITERS SERIES.

NURSE ANESTHETIST TRAINEESHIPS

NURSE ANESTHETIST TRAINEESHIPS

NURSE ANESTHETIST TRAINEESHIPS

FY 2012 SUMMER UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH FELLOWSHIP (SURF) - MML/CHEM

NURSE ANESTHETIST TRAINEESHIPS

TO SUPPORT TRAVEL COSTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF FEATURE LENGTH DOCUMENTARY FILM RECORDING AND TRANSMITTING ORAL HISTORIES OF WWII.

ELECTRIC UTILITY TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION LINE ENGINEERING PROGRAM

HEALTH CARE AND OTHER FACILITIES

FY 2011 - NEW GRANT - GONZAGA UNIVERSITY

THE PURPOSE OF THE LOW-INCOME TAXPAYER CLINIC LITC GRANT IS TO PROVIDE FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO, 1. A CLINICAL PROGRAM AT AN ACCREDITED LAW, BUSINESS, OR ACCOUNTING SCHOOL IN WHICH STUDENTS REPRESENT LOW-INCOME TAXPAYERS IN CONTROVERSIES ARISING UNDER IRC 7526. 2. AN ORGANIZATION DESCRIBED IN SECTION 501C AND EXEMPT FROM TAX UNDER SECTION 501A THROUGH REPRESENTATION OF TAXPAYERS OR REFERRAL OF TAXPAYERS TO QUALIFIED REPRESENTATIVES. ACTIVITIES TO BE PERFORMED UNDER THE LITC PROGRAM, THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE AWARDS GRANTS SO THAT GRANT RECIPIENTS ARE ABLE TO PROVIDE TAX REPRESENTATION BEFORE THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE OR OTHER TRIBUNAL ON FEDERAL TAX MATTERS, EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES ON VARIOUS TAX TOPICS AND ADVOCACY ON TAX ISSUES IMPACTING THE INTENDED BENEFICIARIES. END GOAL AND EXPECTED OUTCOMES, THE LITC PROGRAM AWARDS GRANTS TO, 1. OPEN NEW AND WORK PREVIOUSLY OPENED REPRESENTATION CASES. 2. CONSULT WITH TAXPAYERS ON THEIR SPECIFIC TAX ISSUE. 3. CONDUCT EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES. 4. MAKE CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE IMPROVEMENT TO TAX ADMINISTRATION BY ADVOCATING FOR CHANGES OR IMPROVEMENTS TO IRS ADMINISTRATION. INTENDED BENEFICIARIES, TAXPAYERS WITH INCOMES THAT DO NOT EXCEED 250 PERCENT OF THE FEDERAL POVERTY GUIDELINES AND TAXPAYERS FOR WHOM ENGLISH IS THEIR SECOND LANGUAGE. SUBRECIPIENT ACTIVITIES, IN LIMITED CIRCUMSTANCES AND WITH ADVANCED APPROVAL BY THE LITC PROGRAM OFFICE, SUBRECIPIENTS MAY BE UTILIZED BY GRANT RECIPIENTS TO HELP DELIVER KEY BROADBAND ELEMENTS OF THE PROGRAM. 5. REASON FOR MODIFICATION IF SHOWING A POSITIVE AMOUNT IS AN OBLIGATION FOR THE YEAR THAT IS REPRESENTED BY THE FIRST TWO DIGITS OF THE PRIME AWARD I.D., IF SHOWING A NEGATIVE AMOUNT IT IS A DE-OBLIGATION OR A RETURN OF FUNDS FOR THE YEAR REPRESENTED BY THE FIRST TWO DIGITS OF THE PRIME AWARD I.D.