Oregon Research Institute

PERSONALITY AND HEALTH--A LONGTITUDINAL STUDY

SPECIAL EDUCATION RESEARCH GRANTS

EARLY PREDICTORS OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE USE

YOUTH ATTENDANCE NAVIGATORS: BUILDING COMMUNITY-SCHOOL ALLIANCES FOR YOUTH SUCCESS

EVALUATION OF A VIDEO-BASED MEDIA SERIES TO PROMOTE EFFECTIVE PARENTING

ICBT FOR MATERNAL DEPRESSION: COMMUNITY IMPLEMENTATION IN HEAD START - ABSTRACT LOW INCOME WOMEN OF CHILDBEARING AGE ARE AT DISPROPORTIONATE RISK FOR DEPRESSIVE SYNDROMES AND, DESPITE THE AVAILABILITY OF EFFICACIOUS INTERVENTIONS, OFTEN DO NOT RECEIVE THE TREATMENT THEY NEED.(1,2) WE DEVELOPED MOM- NET, A REMOTE, COACH-FACILITATED, INTERNET-BASED INTERVENTION ADAPTED FROM AN EMPIRICALLY-SUPPORTED COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT (CBT) FOR DEPRESSION TO ADDRESS THE NEEDS OF DEPRESSED MOTHERS. TWO RANDOMIZED CONTROL TRIALS(3,4) DEMONSTRATED MOM-NET TO BE HIGHLY EFFECTIVE IN REDUCING DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AND IMPROVING PARENTING BEHAVIOR AND CHILD ADJUSTMENT. IN THE PROPOSED PROJECT WE SEEK TO EXAMINE WHETHER WE CAN EXPAND THE REACH OF THE MOM-NET INTERVENTION BY IMPLEMENTING WITHIN THE HEAD START ENVIRONMENT. MOVING MOM-NET INTO HS REQUIRES THAT WE FOCUS ON IMPLEMENTATION PROCESSES TO UNDERSTAND HOW AGENCIES WOULD INTERACT WITH THE INTERVENTION IN ORDER TO IMPLEMENT WITH EFFECTIVENESS AND SUSTAINABILITY. AS WELL, IT IS IMPORTANT TO OFFER AGENCIES DELIVERY APPROACHES THAT CAN BEST MEET THEIR AVAILABLE INTERNAL RESOURCES. TO ADDRESS THESE ISSUES, WE PROPOSE USING A HYBRID TYPE 2, EFFECTIVENESS-IMPLEMENTATION DESIGN(5) TO COMPARE TWO IMPLEMENTATION APPROACHES FOR THE DELIVERY OF MOM-NET, ONE WITH ITS EXISTING HIGH-INTENSITY COACHING APPROACH, AND ONE MAKING USE OF A LOW- INTENSITY COACHING, DESIGNED TO PROVIDE SUPPORTIVE ACCOUNTABILITY, BUT NOT PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL SUPPORT. WE PROPOSE TO FOLLOW THE EXPLORATION, PREPARATION, IMPLEMENTATION, AND SUSTAINMENT PROCESS MODEL (EPIS(6,7)) TO GUIDE THE EVALUATION. THE PROPOSED STUDY IS PREDICATED ON: (A) HS'S AWARENESS OF THE NEED TO IDENTIFY AND RESPOND TO MATERNAL DEPRESSION(8); (B) CALLS TO EMBED MATERNAL DEPRESSION TREATMENT INTO EARLY CHILDHOOD SERVICE SETTINGS(9-11); AND (C) EVIDENCE OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF WEB-BASED CBT APPROACHES, GUIDED BY INTERVENTIONISTS WITHOUT FORMAL MENTAL HEALTH TRAINING(12,13). WE WILL (A) EXAMINE CHARACTERISTICS OF HS AGENCIES RELATED TO EACH PHASE OF THE EPIS IMPLEMENTATION MODEL; (B) EXAMINE EFFECTIVENESS (MATERNAL DEPRESSION; PARENTING BEHAVIOR; CHILD EMOTIONAL AND BEHAVIORAL FUNCTIONING) AND IMPLEMENTATION (REACH, ACCEPTABILITY, FIDELITY, AND COST) OUTCOMES WITHIN A DESIGN IN WHICH AGENCIES WILL BE RANDOMIZED TO IMPLEMENTATION APPROACH, AND MOTHERS WILL BE RANDOMIZED, WITHIN AGENCY, TO EITHER MOM-NET OR TREATMENT AS USUAL (TAU)/WAITLIST CONDITIONS; AND (C) FINALLY, EXAMINE FOR EACH IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY, THE MEDIATING INFLUENCE OF CHANGES IN MATERNAL FUNCTIONING ASSOCIATED WITH CORE MOM-NET SKILLS ON MATERNAL DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS.

SPECIAL EDUCATION RESEARCH PROGRAM

PREVENTING DRUG ABUSE & HIV/AIDS IN DELINQUENT YOUTHS: AN INTEGRATED INTERVENTION

DEVELOPING AN ONLINE TAI JI PROGRAM TO IMPROVE HEALTH OUTCOMES IN OLDER ADULTS

DISSONANCE EATING DISORDER PREVENTION: CLINICIAN-LED, PEER-LED, VS WEB-DELIVERED

EMPOWERU: PROMOTING HEALTH-RELATED SEL SKILLS DEVELOPMENT IN HIGH-NEEDS POPULATIONS

PEER INFLUENCE AND SELECTION MECHANISMS UNDERLYING ADOLESCENT PROBLEM BEHAVIORS

EDUCATION RESEARCH PROGRAM

A MULTIDIMENSIONAL COMMUNITY-BASED STRATEGY FOR PREVENTING UNDERAGE DRINKING

CREATING THE SCIENTIFIC INFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE PROMISE NEIGHBORHOOD INITIATIVE

DEPRESSED MOTHERS IN RURAL AREAS: WEB-FACILITATED COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT

RELATION OF CONSUMMATORY AND ANTICIPATORY FOOD REWARD TO OBESITY

EVALUATION OF AN INTRANET-BASED ALCOHOL PREVENTION PROGRAM IN MIDDLE SCHOOL

EVALUATION OF WE HAVE CHOICES, AN UPPER-ELEMENTARY SELF-MANAGEMENT PROGRAM

BUILDING OUTCOMES WITH OBSERVATION-BASED SUPERVISION: AN FFT EFFECTIVENESS TRIAL

PREVENTING ADULT MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS FROM EARLY CHILDHOOD IN THE CONTEXTS OF GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY, POVERTY, RACISM, AND THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC - ABSTRACT AS AMERICANS ENTER THE THIRD YEAR OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC, WE ARE ALSO IN A MENTAL HEALTH CRISIS. EMERGING ADULTS IN PARTICULAR ARE EXPERIENCING A HIGH PREVALENCE OF ANXIETY, DEPRESSION, SUICIDALITY, AND PSYCHOSIS COMPARED TO PRE-PANDEMIC LEVELS. A SLOWED ECONOMY, INCREASED SOCIAL ISOLATION, LOSS OF TYPICAL SUPPORT SYSTEMS, AND FINANCIAL INSTABILITY ABRUPTLY HIT JUST AS EMERGING ADULTS WERE TRANSITIONING FROM ADOLESCENCE TO ADULTHOOD, POTENTIALLY DISRUPTING TYPICAL MILESTONES SUCH AS LEAVING HOME, PURSUING HIGHER EDUCATION, STARTING VOCATIONS, AND BECOMING FINANCIALLY INDEPENDENT. THE PANDEMIC HAS ALSO UNDERSCORED PERSISTENT HEALTH INEQUALITIES THAT EXIST BETWEEN WHITE AMERICANS AND RACIAL/ETHNIC MINORITIES, DUE AT LEAST IN PART TO EXPERIENCES OF DISCRIMINATION. LIVING IN POVERTY IS AN ADDITIONAL RISK FACTOR FOR MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS, AND IS A VASTLY DIFFERENT EXPERIENCE FOR WHITE AND MINORITIZED INDIVIDUALS DUE TO ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL FACTORS AFFORDED TO DIFFERENT RACIAL/ETHNIC GROUPS. IN ADDITION, NEIGHBORHOOD CHARACTERISTICS AND COMMUNITY TYPE (I.E., RURAL, URBAN) CAN INTERSECT WITH RACIAL/ETHNIC IDENTITY TO INCREASE RISK OR OFFER PROTECTION FROM MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS. THE GENETICALLY-INFORMATIVE EARLY STEPS MULTISITE (ESM) STUDY OF 731 RACIALLY/ETHNICALLY DIVERSE LOW-INCOME FAMILIES PRESENTS A UNIQUE OPPORTUNITY TO EXAMINE HOW A SAMPLE OF AT-RISK EMERGING ADULTS, PROSPECTIVELY FOLLOWED SINCE AGE TWO AND NOW IN THEIR EARLY TWENTIES, ARE COPING WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF THE PANDEMIC. THE ESM SAMPLE WAS RECRUITED AT WOMEN, INFANT, AND CHILDREN CENTERS IN THREE GEOGRAPHICALLY, SOCIOECONOMICALLY, AND RACIALLY/ETHNICALLY DIVERSE COMMUNITIES: EUGENE, OR; PITTSBURGH, PA; AND CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA. PARTICIPATING FAMILIES WERE RANDOMLY ASSIGNED TO RECEIVE THE FAMILY CHECK-UP (FCU) INTERVENTION ANNUALLY FROM CHILD AGE 2 TO 10.5, OR TO PARTICIPATE IN STUDY ASSESSMENTS WITHOUT INTERVENTION. ASSESSMENTS CONTINUED AT CHILD AGES 14, 16, AND 19, INCLUDING TWO PANDEMIC-RELATED SURVEYS FOCUSED ON MENTAL HEALTH, AND PARTICIPANT GENOTYPING. RECRUITED FROM DIVERSE SITES, THE ESM CAN EXAMINE COMMUNITY- AND NEIGHBORHOOD-LEVEL EFFECTS ON MENTAL HEALTH RISK AND RESILIENCE. CONTINUING THIS LONGITUDINAL STUDY, WE WILL ASSESS PARTICIPANTS AT AGES 22 AND 24, INCLUDING A CLINICAL DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW OF DEPRESSION, ANXIETY, AND PSYCHOSIS. WITH A WEALTH OF PROSPECTIVE DATA ON NEIGHBORHOOD RISK, EXPERIENCES OF DISCRIMINATION, AND MENTAL HEALTH, WE PROPOSE TO EXAMINE DIRECT, INTERACTIVE, AND CASCADING EFFECTS ON MENTAL HEALTH OUTCOMES. OUR FIRST AIM IS TO INVESTIGATE WHETHER RACE/ETHNICITY AND DISCRIMINATORY EXPERIENCES SHIFT THE DEVELOPMENTAL TRAJECTORIES OF MENTAL HEALTH, AND WHETHER PROTECTIVE ECOLOGICAL FACTORS MITIGATE THESE RISKS. OUR SECOND AIM IS TO TEST GENETIC MODERATION OF RISK AND RESILIENCE ON EMERGING ADULT MENTAL HEALTH. OUR THIRD AIM IS TO EXAMINE THE LONG-TERM PREVENTIVE EFFECTS OF THE FCU ON MENTAL HEALTH, IN THE CONTEXT OF GROWING UP IN POVERTY, AND, MORE RECENTLY, THE PANDEMIC, WHILE FOCUSING ON WHO IS ABLE TO GLEAN THE LARGEST BENEFIT FROM THIS INTERVENTION. FOLLOWING THIS EMERGING ADULT SAMPLE WOULD PROVIDE UNIQUE DATA ON THE PERSISTENCE OF INTERVENTION EFFECTS ON MENTAL HEALTH DURING THE TRANSITION TO ADULTHOOD IN THE CONTEXT OF A PANDEMIC.

DEVELOPING AN EFFICACIOUS AND COST-EFFECTIVE FALL PREVENTION PROGRAM

A MULTI-MEDIA APPROACH TO PARTNER SUPPORT IN SMOKELESS TOBACCO CESSATION

DEPRESSED MOTHERS' PARENTING OF ADOLESCENTS: SOCIAL-COGNITIVE & NEURAL MECHANISMS

REDUCING TEACHER STRESS AND BUILDING A MORE EFFECTIVE SCHOOL CULTURE

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OF AFRICAN AMERICAN LATINO AND WHITE GIRLS

FAMILY AND ADOLESCENT MOTIVATIONAL INCENTIVES FOR LEVERAGING YOUTH

COMMUNITIES AND SCHOOLS TOGETHER FOR CHILDHOOD OBESITY PREVENTION

TRANSLATING AN EFFECTIVE FALL PREVENTION PROGRAM INTO A COMMUNITY-BASED PRACTICE

EFFECTIVENESS TRIAL OF A DISSONANCE-BASED OBESITY PREVENTION PROGRAM

EATING DISORDERS PREVENTION: AN EFFECTIVENESS TRIAL FOR AT-RISK COLLEGE STUDENTS

FIRST STEP: HOME/SCHOOL INTERVENTION FOR PRESCHOOLERS WITH DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIORS

AN FMRI TEST OF THE DYNAMIC VULNERABILITY MODEL OF OBESITY: RISK FACTOR PLASTICIT

EFFECTIVENESS TRIAL OF AN ADOLESCENT DEPRESSION PREVENTION PROGRAM

EDUCATION INNOVATION AND RESEARCH - EARLY-PHASE

SPECIAL EDUCATION RESEARCH GRANTS

WEB AND MOBILE SMOKING CESSATION INTERVENTIONS

ADOLESCENT PEER SOCIAL NETWORK DYNAMICS AND PROBLEM BEHAVIOR

FAMILY THERAPY VIA VIDEO TELECONFERENCE FOR SUBSTANCE-ABUSING RURAL ADOLESCENTS

SEQUENCED VS. INTEGRATED DELIVERY OF TREATMENT FOR ADOLESCENT DEPRESSION AND SUD

ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE: PROGRESSIVE TREATMENT

NICOTINE LOZENGES AND ASSISTED SELF-HELP FOR SMOKELESS TOBACCO CESSATION

DUAL-TASK TRAINING EXERCISE TO REDUCE FALLS IN OLDER ADULTS WITH MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT - PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT NON-PHARMACOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS, SUCH AS PHYSICAL EXERCISE OR MOVEMENT THERAPIES, TO PREVENT FALLS IN OLDER ADULTS WITH MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT (MCI) HAVE NOT BEEN EFFECTIVE. OUR LONG-TERM GOAL IS TO ESTABLISH A SAFE AND EFFICACIOUS MIND-BODY EXERCISE INTERVENTION THAT CAN BE MADE WIDELY AVAILABLE IN COMMUNITY SETTINGS AND FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE TO PREVENT FALLS IN A RAPIDLY GROWING, AT-RISK POPULATION OF COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER ADULTS WITH MCI. THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS PROPOSAL IS TO EVALUATE A NOVEL INTERVENTION—DUAL-TASK TAI JI QUAN: MOVING FOR BETTER BALANCE (DUAL-TJQMBB)—THAT IS SPECIFICALLY TAILORED FOR OLDER ADULTS WITH MCI TO PREVENT FALLS. THE RATIONALE UNDERLYING THIS PROPOSAL IS THAT BY INTEGRATING COGNITIVE EXERCISES WITH PHYSICAL (TAI JI QUAN) MOVEMENTS WE ADDRESS THE IMPAIRED BALANCE AND CONCOMITANT ATTENTION (DUAL-TASKING) DEFICITS ASSOCIATED WITH THE INCREASED RISK OF FALLING IN THIS POPULATION. THE CENTRAL HYPOTHESIS IS THAT OUR THERAPEUTICALLY TAILORED AND DUAL-TASK AUGMENTED TAI JI QUAN TRAINING APPROACH WILL BE MORE EFFICACIOUS THAN TRADITIONAL TAI JI QUAN TRAINING IN PREVENTING FALLS. THE CENTRAL HYPOTHESIS, WITH ITS PREMISE ESTABLISHED FROM OUR PRIOR WORK AND PROMISING PILOT DATA, WILL BE TESTED BY PURSUING OUR PRIMARY AIM IN WHICH WE WILL DETERMINE THE EFFICACY OF A 6-MONTH DUAL- TJQMBB INTERVENTION IN REDUCING THE INCIDENCE OF FALLS AMONG OLDER ADULTS WITH MCI. WE WILL ADDRESS OUR PRIMARY AIM USING AN INNOVATIVE E-HEALTH (ONLINE) INTERVENTION DELIVERY APPROACH WITH A 3-ARM, SINGLE-BLIND, RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL INVOLVING A TEST OF THE COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF THE TWO TAI JI QUAN FALL PREVENTION INTERVENTIONS (DUAL-TJQMBB, STANDARD TJQMBB) RELATIVE TO A STRETCHING CONTROL. WE HYPOTHESIZE THAT, BY MONTH 6, PARTICIPANTS ASSIGNED TO THE DUAL-TJQMBB INTERVENTION WILL SHOW A SIGNIFICANT REDUCTION IN THE INCIDENCE OF FALLS (PRIMARY OUTCOME) AND IMPROVEMENT IN DUAL-TASK WALKING AND PHYSICAL AND COGNITIVE PERFORMANCES (SECONDARY OUTCOMES) COMPARED TO THOSE ASSIGNED TO THE STRETCHING CONTROL. THE PROJECT HAS TWO SECONDARY AIMS: (1) TO DETERMINE HOW WELL THE BENEFITS OF OUR DUAL-TJQMBB INTERVENTION PERSIST OVER A 6- MONTH POST-INTERVENTION FOLLOW-UP, AND (2) TO EXAMINE WHETHER THE IMPACT OF DUAL-TJQMBB TRAINING ON REDUCING THE INCIDENCE OF FALLS IS MEDIATED BY CHANGE IN DUAL-TASK WALKING PERFORMANCE. OUR PROPOSED RESEARCH IS SIGNIFICANT BECAUSE IT WILL FILL A VITAL GAP IN CLINICAL PRACTICE BY PROVIDING EFFICACY EVIDENCE ABOUT A TAILORED FALL PREVENTION INTERVENTION THAT COMBINES TAI JI QUAN WITH COGNITIVE TASK TRAINING, FOR THE FIRST TIME, FOR OLDER ADULTS WITH MCI WHO ARE AT RISK OF FALLING AND CONTINUING COGNITIVE DECLINE. IF THE EVIDENCE SUPPORTS THE DUAL-TJQMBB HYPOTHESIS, THE PROPOSED STUDY CAN (A) MAKE A RAPID IMPACT ON CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES IN THE FIELD OF FALL PREVENTION AND (B) HAVE A WIDESPREAD POSITIVE IMPACT VERY QUICKLY BECAUSE IT CAN BE COUPLED WITH THE STANDARD TJQMBB PROGRAM, WHICH HAS BEEN BROADLY DISSEMINATED ACROSS THE COUNTRY.

WEB-BASED PARENTING INTERVENTION FOR MOTHERS OF INFANTS AT-RISK FOR MALTREATMENT

TAI CHI AND PARKINSON'S DISEASE

A REMOTELY DELIVERED TAI JI QUAN INTERVENTION TO REDUCE INCIDENCE OF FALLS IN HIGH RISK COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER ADULTS - PROJECT SUMMARY AMONG PERSONS AGED 65 AND OLDER, FALLS ARE THE LEADING CAUSE OF MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY AND IMPOSE SIGNIFICANT SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC BURDENS ON COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICES AND HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS. ALTHOUGH EVIDENCE SHOWS THAT GROUP-BASED, IN-PERSON EXERCISE INTERVENTIONS IMPROVE STRENGTH, BALANCE, AND DUAL-TASK ABILITIES AND CONSEQUENTLY DIRECTLY AND INDIRECTLY REDUCE THE INCIDENCE OF FALLS EFFECTIVELY IN OLDER ADULTS, SUCH APPROACHES ARE PROBLEMATIC IN PRACTICE BECAUSE THEY CAN BE COSTLY, HAVE LIMITED REACH, CAN BE LOGISTICALLY DIFFICULT TO IMPLEMENT, AND ARE OFTEN NOT SCALABLE OR GENERALIZABLE. THEREFORE, TIMELY IDENTIFICATION OF ALTERNATIVE IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES THAT CAN OVERCOME THESE LIMITATIONS TO EXPAND DELIVERY OF FALL PREVENTION INTERVENTIONS TO THE AGING POPULATION AT GREATEST RISK FOR FALLS IS OF HIGH PUBLIC HEALTH IMPORTANCE AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE. IN RESPONSE TO IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGES AND COMMUNITY CARE NEEDS IN FALL PREVENTION, THE PRIMARY OBJECTIVE OF THIS PROJECT IS TO EVALUATE A HOME-BASED VIRTUAL FALL PREVENTION EXERCISE INTERVENTION THAT ELIMINATES COMMON BARRIERS TO OLDER ADULTS PARTICIPATING IN GROUP-BASED IN-PERSON INTERVENTION PROGRAMS. THE PROPOSED INTERVENTION IS FOUNDED ON THE EVIDENCE-BASED TAI JI QUAN: MOVING FOR BETTER BALANCE (TJQMBB) PROGRAM, WHICH HAS BEEN SPECIFICALLY RECONFIGURED INTO A VIRTUAL FORMAT (V-TJQMBB) DELIVERED THROUGH REAL-TIME VIDEOCONFERENCING AT HOME. SUPPORTED BY PROMISING DATA ON FEASIBILITY, ACCEPTABILITY, AND DEMAND, WE PROPOSE A 6-MONTH RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED VIRTUAL TRIAL TO DETERMINE THE COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE V-TJQMBB INTERVENTION, RELATIVE TO A VIRTUAL MULTIMODAL EXERCISE INTERVENTION, IN LOWERING THE INCIDENCE OF FALLS (PRIMARY OUTCOME) AND IMPROVING DUAL-TASK PERFORMANCE AND PHYSICAL AND COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING (SECONDARY OUTCOMES) AMONG AT-RISK OLDER ADULTS LIVING ACROSS THE U.S. WE WILL ALSO (A) EVALUATE WHETHER THE BENEFITS OF THE V- TJQMBB INTERVENTION ON FALLS CAN BE SUSTAINED FOLLOWING FORMAL TRAINING AND (B) EXAMINE THE MECHANISMS (MEDIATORS OF IMPROVED DUAL-TASK COST AND EXECUTIVE FUNCTION) THROUGH WHICH THE V-TJQMBB INTERVENTION REDUCES FALL RATES. IN ADDITION, WE WILL EXPLORE IMPLEMENTATION POTENTIAL BY EXAMINING PRACTICAL ISSUES, INCLUDING INTERVENTION FIDELITY, COMPLIANCE, ACCEPTABILITY, AND PERCEIVED BURDENS AND BENEFITS OF ONLINE EXERCISE. THE PROPOSED PROJECT IS NOVEL BECAUSE IT REPRESENTS A PARADIGM SHIFT IN PROGRAM DELIVERY FROM IN-PERSON TO VIRTUAL AND IS SIGNIFICANT BECAUSE THE CLINICAL VALUE OF MANY HOME-BASED FALL PREVENTION INTERVENTIONS REMAINS INCONCLUSIVE. IF SUCCESSFUL, THE PROPOSED STUDY WILL EXTEND THE REACH AND IMPACT OF THE EVIDENCE-BASED TJQMBB INTERVENTION BEYOND LOCALLY SITUATED COMMUNITY-FACILITY SETTINGS TO HOME SETTINGS WHERE ACCESS IS NOT WEATHER LIMITED, TRANSPORTATION DEPENDENT, OR GEOGRAPHICALLY BOUNDED. THUS, THIS PROPOSAL ADVANCES DISSEMINATION AND IMPLEMENTATION RESEARCH BY PROVIDING A SCALABLE, FLEXIBLE, AND FISCALLY RESPONSIBLE MEANS FOR SUSTAINABLE FALL PREVENTION THAT POTENTIALLY COULD BE IMPLEMENTED ACROSS THE COUNTRY.

TARGETED OBESITY PREVENTION PROGRAM FOR ADOLESCENT FEMALES

INTRANET-BASED TOBACCO PREVENTION PROGRAM FOR CHILDREN

CHD LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION FOR LATINAS WITH DIABETES

WEB AND PHONE INTERVENTION TO MAINTAIN POSTPARTUM TOBACCO ABSTINENCE

EFFECTIVENESS OF A WEB-ASSISTED QUITLINE FOR SMOKELESS TOBACCO USERS

DEVELOPMENT OF A FAMILY-BASED TREATMENT FOR ADOLESCENT METHAMPHETAMINE ABUSE

SALIVARY BIOMARKERS (DNA, RNA AND CORTISOL), LIFE STRESS AND NICOTINE DEPENDENCE

EDUCATION RESEARCH PROGRAM

COACH FACILITATED MOBILE PARENT-TRAINING PROGRAM FOR WOMEN WITH COGNITIVE DELAYS WHO ARE MOTHERS OF INFANTS

MALLEABLE INSTRUCTIONAL FACTORS FOR BEGINNING WORD READING

PREDICTORS OF CHANGE PROFILES IN STUDIES OF ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSERS

TRANSLATING AND IMPLEMENTING FALL PREVENTION RESEARCH THROUGH CLINICAL PRACTICE

WEB-BASED COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTION FOR WOMEN WITH POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION

CENTER FOR PREVENTION OF PROBLEMS IN EARLY ADOLESCENCE

RANDOMIZED TRIAL OF A STATE TOBACCO PREVENTION PROGRAM

TARGET ENGAGMENT OF A NOVEL DISSONANCE-BASED TREATMENT FOR DSM-5 EATING DISORDERS.

SECONDARY ANALYSIS OF FUNCTIONAL FAMILY THERAPY IN A CHILD WELFARE ORGANIZATION

QUITSPIT: AN INTERNET-BASED SMOKELESS TOBACCO CESSATION PROGRAM FOR TEENS

EDUCATION RESEARCH PROGRAM

ADOLESCENT SCREENING AND PERSONALIZED INTERVENTION RESOURCE FOR MILD/MODERATE SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND CO-OCCURRING PROBLEMS - PROJECT SUMMARY WE PROPOSE TO DESIGN AND PILOT-TEST A TECHNOLOGY-BASED, MULTICOMPONENT BEHAVIORAL HEALTH INTERVENTION FOR JIY. THE DESIGN AND FUNCTIONALITY OF THE MOBILE HEALTH INTERVENTION IS GROUNDED IN TWO PIVOTAL DEVELOPMENTAL FRAMEWORKS. FIRST, THE INTERVENTION WILL ADDRESS THE WELL-ESTABLISHED BIDIRECTIONAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SUBSTANCE USE (SU) AND CO-OCCURRING PROBLEMS (CP), A DEFINING CHARACTERISTIC OF JJS-INVOLVED YOUTH (JIY). SECOND, IN KEEPING WITH CONTEMPORARY PATIENT- AND YOUTH-CENTERED HEALTH CARE DELIVERY MODELS, THE MOBILE HEALTH INTERVENTION WILL HAVE AN INTERACTIVE DESIGN PERMITTING YOUTH TO RECEIVE FEEDBACK AND MAKE ACTIVE CHOICES ABOUT THE CARE THEY RECEIVE. THIS YOUTH-CENTERED APPROACH IS A CLEAR DEPARTURE FROM TRADITIONAL JJS SERVICE MODELS. THESE CONCEPTUALLY INFORMED DESIGN FEATURES AND FUNCTIONALITIES WILL OPTIMIZE YOUTH ENGAGEMENT, EMPOWERMENT, AND AGENCY IN ORDER TO MAXIMIZE CLINICAL OUTCOMES. A DIGITAL HEALTH RESOURCE SCALABLE TO ANY SMART PHONE WOULD AVERT THE NEED FOR DELIVERY BY HIGHLY TRAINED PROFESSIONALS, AND COULD BE EASILY ACCESSED ACROSS THE JJS, INCLUDING RURAL SETTINGS. THE GOAL OF THE PROPOSED STAGE 1A/1B TREATMENT DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH IS TO REFINE AND PILOT TEST “EPACE” (EHEALTH PERSONALIZED APPROACH FOR CHANGE EFFICACY), DESIGNED AS A JJS- AND JIY-FRIENDLY PERSONALIZED, YOUTH-CENTERED, MOBILE HEALTH RESOURCE. EPACE IS COMPOSED OF A MULTI-PROBLEM SCREENER TO GUIDE THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A SET OF KEY INTEGRATED BEHAVIOR CHANGE MODULES (DRUG ABUSE, INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS, NEGATIVE EMOTIONS, STRESS) PROVIDING A COHESIVE FOCUS ON SU AND CPS. THE SPECIFIC AIMS OF ARE: AIM 1: FINALIZE EPACE DEVELOPMENT BY: 1) CONDUCTING SEPARATE FOCUS GROUPS WITH JJS STAFF AND JIY TO SEEK INPUT ON THE FUNCTIONALITY, FEASIBILITY, AND INITIAL ACCEPTABILITY OF THE RESOURCE’S SCREENING TOOL AND INITIAL VERSION OF THE BEHAVIOR CHANGE MODULES, AND 2) REVISE PROGRAM FEATURES BASED ON FOCUS GROUP RESULTS AND NEW RESEARCH LITERATURE. AIM 2: EVALUATE THE IMPACT OF EPACE AND A “FIXED” NON-PERSONALIZED VERSION (EFACE) COUNTERPART FOR JIY WITH CO- OCCURRING PROBLEMS, RELATIVE TO A WAITING LIST GROUP (WLG) ON SU AND CP OUTCOMES. WE EXPECT BETTER SU AND CP OUTCOMES FOR BOTH EPACE AND EFACE VS WLG OVER THE 6-MONTH FOLLOW-UP AND EXPECT THAT EPACE VS WLG EFFECTS WILL BE LARGER THAN EFACE VS WLG EFFECTS. AIM 3: EVALUATE THE DIRECT EFFECTS OF EPACE AND EFACE ON TARGETED AREAS OF FUNCTIONING AND SKILL DEVELOPMENT HYPOTHESIZED TO PRODUCE CHANGE IN SU AND CP. WE EXPECT YOUTH ASSIGNED TO EPACE AND EFACE TO EXHIBIT GREATER IMPROVEMENTS COMPARED TO THOSE ASSIGNED TO WLG, WITH THE EFFECTS OF EPACE LARGER THAN THOSE OF EFACE. AIM 4: EXAMINE FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF EPACE, INCLUDING PARTICIPANT RATINGS OF USABILITY, ACCEPTABILITY, AND SATISFACTION. THE PROPOSED BRIEF, PERSONALIZED, YOUTH-CENTERED, EARLY INTERVENTION APPROACH, WEB AND SMART-PHONE FRIENDLY, OFFERS A PROMISING SOLUTION FOR THE JJS TO ADDRESS THE UNDERSERVED NEEDS OF YOUTH, POTENTIALLY MITIGATING THE NEED FOR MORE INTENSIVE, COSTLY INTERVENTIONS LATER AND POTENTIALLY ACCOMMODATING A YOUTH-SERVING SYSTEM THAT OFTEN LACKS ACCESSIBLE AND AFFORDABLE BEHAVIOR HEALTH SERVICES.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE CANNABIS ACTIONS AND PRACTICES (CAP): A PARENT-FOCUSED INTERVENTION TO ADDRESS ADOLESCENT MARIJUANA USE

EATING DISORDER PREVENTION PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS TRIAL

FAMILY THERAPY FOR ADOLESCENT DEPRESSION: DEPLOYMENT FOCUSED DEVELOPMENT, PHASE 1

ENLISTING PEER COOPERATION AND PROSOCIALITY IN THE SERVICE OF SUBSTANCE USE PREVENTION IN MIDDLE SCHOOL

ADAPTATION AND EVALUATION OF A FAMILY-BASED MINDFUL EATING INTERVENTION FOR OVERW

EARLY INTERVENTION FOR MINORS IN POSSESSION OF ALCOHOL/DRUGS: A FEASIBILITY STUDY

GROUP COMMUNITY REINFORCEMENT TRAINING FOR PARENTS OF TREATMENT-ELUSIVE YOUTH

A SECONDARY ANALYSIS OF FUNCTIONAL FAMILY THERAPY IN A JUVENILE JUSTICE SETTING

DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF SCHOOL-BASED DIGITAL ADOLESCENT ORAL HEALTH PROMOTION PROGRAM FOR THE REDUCTION OF ORAL HEALTH DISPARITIES - PROJECT SUMMARY DENTAL CARIES, OR TOOTH DECAY, IS A HIGHLY PREVALENT CHRONIC DISEASE AFFLICTING A SIGNIFICANT PROPORTION OF THE U.S. POPULATION, INCLUDING A MAJORITY OF YOUTH AND ADULTS. HEALTH DISPARITIES IN ORAL HEALTH HAVE PERSISTED FOR DECADES, WITH LOWER-INCOME YOUTH, BLACK/AFRICAN AMERICANS AND LATINX MINORITIES BEING ESPECIALLY AT RISK FOR DENTAL CARIES. ALTHOUGH ADOLESCENCE IS AN IDEAL TIME TO IMPLEMENT HEALTHY BEHAVIORAL HABITS THAT WILL BE SUSTAINED INTO ADULTHOOD, THERE IS A DEARTH OF EFFECTIVE DENTAL HEALTH PROGRAMS FOR AT-RISK ADOLESCENTS. RESEARCH HAS SHOWN THAT PRIMARY ORAL HEALTH PROMOTION STRATEGIES DURING ADOLESCENCE INCLUDE IMPROVING DENTAL HEALTH BEHAVIORS, ABSTAINING FROM TOBACCO USE AND VAPING, AND REDUCING SUGAR CONSUMPTION. FOLLOWING THESE RECOMMENDATIONS AND INFORMED BY OUR FORMATIVE RESEARCH FINDINGS, OUR PROPOSED DIGITAL DENTAL PROGRAM FOR ADOLESCENTS WILL TARGET THREE ORAL HEALTH BEHAVIOR DOMAINS: TWICE-DAILY TOOTH BRUSHING WITH FLUORIDE TOOTHPASTE, ABSTAINING FROM TOBACCO USE, INCLUDING VAPING, AND REDUCING CONSUMPTION OF SUGAR-SWEETENED BEVERAGES. GROUNDED IN THE THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR, AUGMENTED BY THE PROTOTYPE/WILLINGNESS MODEL FOR ADOLESCENTS, THE PROPOSED CROSS-PLATFORM DIGITAL PROGRAM WILL TARGET THEORETICALLY BASED MECHANISMS TO PROMOTE THESE THREE TARGETED ORAL HEALTH BEHAVIORS. IT WILL INCLUDE ENGAGING VIDEO AND INTERACTIVE GAME COMPONENTS. THUS, IN THIS UG3/UH3 APPLICATION, WE WILL DEVELOP AND EVALUATE A THEORETICALLY BASED DIGITAL DENTAL HEALTH PROMOTION PROGRAM DESIGNED TO ENGAGE LOWER INCOME BLACK/AFRICAN AMERICANS, LATINX/HISPANIC, AND WHITE NON-HISPANIC 7TH AND 8TH GRADE STUDENTS. IN THE UG3 PHASE, WE PROPOSE TO CONDUCT FORMATIVE WORK TO ITERATIVELY DEVELOP A SCHOOL-BASED, WEB-BASED ORAL HEALTH PROMOTION PROGRAM. IN THE UH3 PHASE, WE WILL CONDUCT A CLINICAL RANDOMIZED CONTROL TRIAL (RCT) IN SCHOOLS, TO EVALUATE “REAL WORLD” PROGRAM EFFICACY. IN THE RCT, WE WILL ASSESS PROGRAM ACCEPTABILITY, FEASIBILITY, USABILITY, SATISFACTION, AND ENGAGEMENT, AS WELL AS THE THREE PRIMARY BEHAVIORAL AND CLINICAL HEALTH OUTCOMES. SECONDARY OUTCOMES ARE THE THEORETICALLY BASED MECHANISMS THE PROGRAM TARGETS FOR BEHAVIOR CHANGE. SEVENTH AND 8TH GRADE STUDENTS (N = 2,000) FROM 40 LOWER-INCOME SCHOOLS ACROSS MULTIPLE STATES WILL BE RANDOMIZED TO RECEIVE THE PROGRAM INTERVENTION OR TO BE ON THE WAITLIST (CONTROL CONDITION). PARTICIPATING STUDENTS WILL COMPLETE ASSESSMENTS AT THREE TIME POINTS (BASELINE, SIX WEEKS POST-BASELINE, AND SIX MONTHS POST-BASELINE) TO EVALUATE BOTH SHORT- AND LONG-TERM PROGRAM OUTCOMES. IF EFFECTIVE, THIS COMPREHENSIVE DIGITAL BEHAVIORAL DENTAL HEALTH PROGRAM WOULD GREATLY IMPACT PUBLIC HEALTH BY DECREASING PERSISTENT ORAL HEALTH DISPARITIES. DELIVERING THE PROGRAM VIA SCHOOLS WILL ADDRESS DISPARITIES IN ACCESS TO SUCH PROGRAMS, AS STUDENTS WILL ACCESS THE PROGRAM VIA SCHOOL INTERNET AND SCHOOL-OWNED DIGITAL DEVICES. A WEB-BASED INTERVENTION IS ALSO EASILY SCALABLE AND CAN BE WIDELY DISSEMINATED AT LITTLE COST, REACHING ADOLESCENT POPULATIONS MOST AT RISK FOR DENTAL CARIES. THE LONG- TERM GOAL IS TO FACILITATE HEALTHY DENTAL HABITS AND RELATED ORAL HEALTH BEHAVIORS FOR ADOLESCENTS TO ATTAIN A LIFETIME FREE FROM PREVENTABLE ORAL DISEASE.

STEPPINGSTONES OF TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION

STEPPINGSTONES OF TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION

HIV PREVENTION: STRENGTHENING ABORIGINAL YOUTH

INTERACTIVE INTERNET INTERVENTION FOR DEPRESSED MOTHERS

THE END OF THE WORLD: PUBLIC VIEWS ON GLOBAL CATASTROPHIC RISKS AND HUMAN EXTINCTION -PEOPLE HAVE LONG BEEN FASCINATED WITH GLOBAL CATASTROPHIC RISKS (GCRS), SUCH AS SUPER-VOLCANOES, ASTEROID IMPACTS, LETHAL PANDEMICS, NUCLEAR WAR/WINTER, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, AND NANO-ENGINEERED ?GREY GOO.? SOME GCRS COULD LEAD TO HUMAN EXTINCTION, YET RESEARCH ABOUT EXTREME HAZARDS IS LACKING. THIS PROJECT IS THE FIRST TO SYSTEMATICALLY IDENTIFY U.S. PUBLIC PERCEPTIONS OF HUMAN EXTINCTION ITSELF AND OF GCRS THAT COULD CAUSE EXTINCTION?INCLUDING RISK PERCEPTIONS, JUDGMENTS OF THE NEED FOR ACTION, PROTECTIVE DECISION PREFERENCES, AND NON-PROTECTIVE AND INFORMATION SEARCH INTENTIONS. THE STUDY DOCUMENTS HOW THESE VIEWS RELATE TO EACH OTHER, AS WELL AS TO POTENTIAL COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE, SOCIAL, CULTURAL, AND DEMOGRAPHIC PREDICTORS. RISK COMMUNICATION EXPERIMENTS DETERMINE HOW RESPONSES VARY DUE TO COGNITIVE (PROFESSIONAL AND PUBLIC RISK ESTIMATES; TIME PERSPECTIVE) AND CULTURAL (CULTURALLY BIASED DECISION OPTIONS) MANIPULATIONS. DATA ARE GENERATED FROM NATIONALLY REPRESENTATIVE SURVEYS AND EXPERIMENTS, SUPPLEMENTED BY FOCUS GROUPS AND COGNITIVE INTERVIEWS. OVERALL, THIS PROJECT CLARIFIES THE EXTENT TO WHICH AMERICANS CARE ABOUT HUMAN SURVIVAL, THE DEGREE TO WHICH THEY DIFFERENTIATE AMONG HAZARDS THAT MIGHT POSE RISKS OF HUMAN EXTINCTION, AND HOW THEY REGARD GCRS COMPARED TO OTHER LOW-PROBABILITY, HIGH-CONSEQUENCE EVENTS AND SUB-EXTINCTION OUTCOMES. THE PROJECT TEAM IS FOSTERING A SOCIETAL DIALOGUE THROUGH AN AGGRESSIVE DISSEMINATION PLAN, INCLUDING THE DEVELOPMENT OF ONLINE AND OTHER PRODUCTS TARGETED TO LAY AUDIENCES AND DECISION MAKERS (E.G., PRACTITIONER SUMMARIES OF FINDINGS; PUBLICITY VIA WEB PORTAL AND SOCIAL MEDIA) IN ADDITION TO ACADEMIC PUBLICATIONS AND PRESENTATIONS. THE RESULTS INFORM INDIVIDUAL AND COLLECTIVE DELIBERATIONS AND DECISIONS OVER HOW MUCH EFFORT CITIZENS, SCIENTISTS, DECISION MAKERS, AND COMMUNICATORS SHOULD EXPEND TO POSTPONE HUMAN EXTINCTION. THIS AWARD REFLECTS NSF'S STATUTORY MISSION AND HAS BEEN DEEMED WORTHY OF SUPPORT THROUGH EVALUATION USING THE FOUNDATION'S INTELLECTUAL MERIT AND BROADER IMPACTS REVIEW CRITERIA.- SUBAWARDS ARE NOT PLANNED FOR THIS AWARD.

FAMILY TRANSMISSION OF ALCOHOL USE DISORDER (AUD) RISK

NATURAL COURSE OF CANNABIS USE DISORDERS FROM CHILDHOOD THROUGH EARLY ADULTHOOD

TOBACCO CESSATION VIA PUBLIC HEALTH DENTAL CLINICS

PROCESS AND OUTCOME ANALYSIS OF GROUP TREATMENT FOR ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE

TELOMERE LENGTH AS AN OUTCOME IN LIFESPAN MODELS OF PERSONALITY AND HEALTH

ECOLOGICAL MOMENTARY ASSESSMENT OF PEER AFFILIATION, PERCEPTIONS AND BEHAVIOR

THERAPIST-FAMILY INTERACTIONS IN FUNCTIONAL FAMILY THERAPY FOR DRUG ABUSING YOUTH

COMMUNICATION AND EMOTIONAL WELL-BEING IN ADOLESCENT BEST FRIEND DYADS: AN EXPERIENCE SAMPLING METHOD STUDY - ABSTRACT ADOLESCENCE IS A CRITICAL PERIOD FOR THE ONSET OF DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS. DURING THE TRANSITION FROM CHILDHOOD TO ADOLESCENCE, FRIENDS BECOME INCREASINGLY SALIENT CONVERSATION PARTNERS AND A PRIMARY SOURCE OF SOCIAL SUPPORT. NOTABLY, EVIDENCE NOW SUGGESTS THAT ADOLESCENT FRIENDS’ LEVELS OF DEPRESSION CAN PREDICT CHANGE IN EACH OTHERS’ LEVELS OVER TIME, IN A PROCESS CALLED ‘DEPRESSION CONTAGION’. THE CURRENT PROJECT AIMS TO ADVANCE KNOWLEDGE ON THE PROCESS OF DEPRESSION CONTAGION IN ADOLESCENCE BY STUDYING GRANULAR, AND POTENTIALLY MODIFIABLE INTERPERSONAL PROCESSES THAT MAY CONTRIBUTE TO DEPRESSIVE CONTAGION, AS WELL AS FACTORS THAT MAY MODERATE RISK FOR CONTAGION, WITH AN EYE TOWARD INFORMING DEVELOPMENT OF PREVENTATIVE INTERVENTIONS. USING AN EXPERIENCE SAMPLING DESIGN IN THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT OF BEST FRIEND DYADS, WE PROPOSE FOUR AIMS: (1) EXAMINATION OF MOMENTARY CONTAGION OF AFFECTIVE STATES BETWEEN BEST-FRIEND DYADS, WITH A FOCUS ON DYSPHORIC AND POSITIVE AFFECT, AS THOSE MOST STRONGLY RELATE TO DEPRESSIVE CONDITIONS; (2) EXAMINATION OF FRIENDS’ COMMUNICATION IN BOTH ONLINE AND OFFLINE CONTEXTS AS MECHANISMS DRIVING CONTAGION, CONSIDERING COMMUNICATION IN THE CONTEXT OF NEGATIVE (CO- RUMINATION) AND POSITIVE (CO-DAMPENING) AFFECT AND EXPERIENCES AS MEDIATORS OF THE CONTAGION PROCESS; (3) INVESTIGATION OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCE CHARACTERISTICS AS POTENTIAL MODERATORS (SEX, EMPATHETIC DISTRESS, EMPATHETIC JOY) OF AFFECTIVE CONTAGION, TO IDENTIFY FACTORS WHICH CREATE VULNERABILITY; AND (4) TO CONDUCT A PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION OF THE EXTENT TO WHICH AFFECTIVE CONTAGION MAY MEDIATE CHANGE IN DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS WITHIN A BRIEF LONGITUDINAL DESIGN. TO ACHIEVE OUR AIMS, WE WILL FIRST DO A DEPRESSION SCREENING IN CLASSROOMS IN GRADES 9-12 TO OBTAIN A SAMPLE WITH VARYING LEVELS OF DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS. BASED ON SCREENING LEVELS, ONE HUNDRED DYADS (N = 200) OF TRUE BEST FRIENDS IN GRADES 9-12 WILL BE SIGNALED ON THEIR SMARTPHONE DAILY FOR 14 DAYS TO ANSWER QUESTIONS ABOUT THIER AFFECTIVE STATES (DEPRESSED AND HAPPY AFFECT) SINCE THEIR PREVIOUS REPORT, CONTACT WITH BEST FRIEND SINCE PREVIOUS REPORT, AND IN INSTANCES IN WHICH CONTACT OCCURRED, CONTEXT OF CONTACT AND RATINGS OF CO-RUMINATION AND CO- DAMPENING SINCE PREVIOUS REPORT. THEY WILL FURTHER COMPLETE TWO ASSESSMENTS (BASELINE AND FOLLOW-UP AFTER 7 WEEKS). A RIGOROUS DYADIC APPROACH IS USED IN BOTH THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS PLAN. SPECIFICALLY, DATA WILL BE ANALYZED USING LONGITUDINAL ACTOR-PARTNER INTERDEPENDENCE MODEL, ALLOWING THE CAPTURE OF STATE-LEVEL, MOMENTARY CHANGES IN BOTH FRIENDS DUE TO CONTAGION. THIS PROJECT HAS THE POTENTIAL TO OFFER UNPRECEDENTED INSIGHTS WHICH WILL BE CRUCIAL TO BETTER CHARACTERIZE THE PROCESS OF DEPRESSION CONTAGION. FURTHERMORE, IT CAN PROVIDE MORE PRECISE AND NUANCED UNDERSTANDING OF INTERPERSONAL FRIENDSHIP BEHAVIORS FOR TAILORED, “JUST IN TIME” PREVENTION AND INTERVENTION EFFORTS.

NATURAL COURSE AND DEVELOPMENTAL TRAJECTORIES OF ALCOHOL USE DISORDERS

ENHANCING PARTNER SUPPORT TO MOTIVATE SMOKELESS TOBACCO USERS TO QUIT VIA THE WEB

BARRIERS TO VOLUNTARY ASSENT IN ASTHMA YOUTH RESEARCH

INTEGRATING RISK PERCEPTION MEASURES, ANTECEDENTS, AND OUTCOMES -RISK PERCEPTION HAS BEEN CENTRAL TO RISK ANALYSIS SINCE IT BEGAN, BUT HOW WE DEFINE AND MEASURE ?RISK PERCEPTION? CAN GREATLY AFFECT SCHOLARS? GRASP OF ITS SOURCES OR OUTCOMES. UNFORTUNATELY, USE OF RISK PERCEPTION MEASURES HAS BEEN UNSYSTEMATIC, WITHIN AND ACROSS MULTIPLE FIELDS (E.G., HEALTH BEHAVIOR). STRIKINGLY, FOUR CRITICAL TOPICS?HOW TO MEASURE RISK PERCEPTION; HOW RISK PERCEPTION SHAPES OUTCOMES SUCH AS BEHAVIORAL INTENTIONS AND POLICY SUPPORT; AND SOURCES OF RISK PERCEPTIONS?USUALLY ARE STUDIED SEPARATELY, DESPITE OBVIOUS MUTUAL IMPLICATIONS: E.G., WHETHER AND HOW RISK PERCEPTIONS ARE AFFECTED BY, OR AFFECT, OTHER VARIABLES MIGHT DEPEND ON HOW THEY ARE MEASURED. MOST QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH ON THESE TOPICS HAS USED CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEY DESIGNS, INADEQUATE TO TEST MOST CRITICAL HYPOTHESES. TEMPORAL CHANGES ARE BETTER TESTED WITH LONGITUDINAL PANEL DESIGNS, BUT EVEN WHEN (RARELY) USED, FAR MORE ATTENTION IS PAID TO THE OBSERVED SIGN OF THE ASSOCIATION THAN TO WHETHER ITS MAGNITUDE OR SIGN VARIES OVER TIME. WE ALSO KNOW LITTLE ABOUT WHETHER OR HOW THESE ASSOCIATIONS VARY ACROSS HAZARDS. BY MORE SYSTEMATICALLY ASSESSING ASSOCIATIONS ACROSS MULTIPLE PERCEPTION MEASURES, HAZARDS, AND TIME, THE FINDINGS ABOUT SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES CAN IMPROVE RISK COMMUNICATION AND RISK MANAGEMENT EFFORTS. THESE IMPROVEMENTS WILL REDUCE HARMS TO HUMANS AND WHAT THEY VALUE. THE PROPOSED RESEARCH USES FOCUS GROUPS AND U.S. NATIONALLY REPRESENTATIVE CROSS-SECTIONAL AND LONGITUDINAL PANEL SURVEYS. THIS FIRST SYSTEMATIC ATTEMPT TO SIMULTANEOUSLY MODEL RISK PERCEPTION MEASURES, ANTECEDENTS, AND OUTCOMES (BEHAVIORAL INTENTIONS, POLICY SUPPORT) OFFERS A CHANCE TO INTEGRATE A FIELD SPLINTERED ACROSS THESE FOUR RELATED TOPICS AND MULTIPLE SCHOLARLY DISCIPLINES. THIS EFFORT AIMS TO PROVIDE A FOUNDATION THAT CAN BE EXTENDED TO BOTH SPECIFIC FIELDS AND TOPIC AREAS, AND POTENTIALLY TO OTHER SOCIETIES BEYOND THE U.S. DATA GENERATED IN THIS RESEARCH PROJECT. THE NEW KNOWLEDGE IS ABOUT THE DEGREE TO WHICH RISK PERCEPTION PATTERNS GENERALIZE ACROSS HUMANS AND SITUATIONS. THIS AWARD REFLECTS NSF'S STATUTORY MISSION AND HAS BEEN DEEMED WORTHY OF SUPPORT THROUGH EVALUATION USING THE FOUNDATION'S INTELLECTUAL MERIT AND BROADER IMPACTS REVIEW CRITERIA.- SUBAWARDS ARE NOT PLANNED FOR THIS AWARD.

FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE COURSE AND OUTCOMES OF ALCOHOL USE DISORDERS IN A COHORT SAMPLE OF ADOLESCENTS FOLLOWED INTO EARLY ADULTHOOD

PERCEPTIONS, INITIATION, AND USE OF E-CIGARETTES AMONG MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS: A NEW GENERATION OF TOBACCO USERS

FUNCTIONAL FAMILY THERAPY FOR ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE IN CHILE

NSF-BSF: WILLINGNESS TO VACCINATE AGAINST COVID-19: PSYCHOLOGICAL MECHANISMS AND WAYS TO INCREASE RESPONSIVENESS -THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC HAS CLAIMED THE LIVES OF OVER 4 MILLION PEOPLE WORLDWIDE, AND OVER 190 MILLION PEOPLE HAVE BEEN AFFECTED IN VARYING DEGREES OF SEVERITY. THE VACCINE AGAINST THE CORONAVIRUS HAS DRAMATICALLY REDUCED THE NUMBER OF INFECTED PEOPLE, SAVING THE LIVES OF MILLIONS. HOWEVER, ALTHOUGH THE VACCINE HAS BEEN PROVED TO BE HIGHLY EFFECTIVE, AND ITS SAFETY PROFILE IS SATISFACTORY, IN MOST COUNTRIES THERE IS STILL A RELATIVELY LARGE PERCENTAGE OF PEOPLE WHO ARE OPPOSED, WHO ENDANGER THE ENTIRE POPULATION IN THEIR COUNTRY AS WELL AS WORLDWIDE. SINCE COVID-19 CONTINUES TO POSE A THREAT TO HUMANS, IT IS ESSENTIAL TO UNDERSTAND WHAT CAUSES THIS RESISTANCE AND TO FIND WAYS TO INCREASE VACCINATION RATES. THIS RESEARCH RELIES ON PREVIOUS WORKS ON TERROR MANAGEMENT THEORY, AS WELL AS ON INSIGHTS FROM RECENT WORK ON PEOPLE'S WILLINGNESS TO DONATE ORGANS AFTER DEATH, TO SUGGEST PSYCHOLOGICAL MECHANISMS THAT MAY EXPLAIN PEOPLE?S RESISTANCE TO THE VACCINE, AND TO OFFER EFFECTIVE INTERVENTIONS TO INCREASE VACCINATION RATES. GIVEN THE NECESSITY OF GETTING MORE PEOPLE VACCINATED, UNDERSTANDING THE REASONS BEHIND PEOPLES? NEGATIVE ATTITUDES TOWARDS COVID VACCINES AND THEIR RELUCTANCE TO BE VACCINATED IS OF GREAT IMPORTANCE. THIS RESEARCH ANALYZES THE MULTIPLE FACTORS THAT MAY INFLUENCE PEOPLE?S ATTITUDES TOWARD THE CORONAVIRUS AND THEIR DECISIONS TO BE VACCINATED AGAINST COVID-19 OR NOT. THE STUDY ENTAILS 11 EXPERIMENTS REFLECTING TWO RESEARCH DIRECTIONS: THE FIRST (PART I) EXAMINES THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT DESCRIPTIONS OF COVID-19 ON PEOPLE?S ATTITUDES AND WILLINGNESS TO BE VACCINATED. MANIPULATIONS TO INCREASE THOUGHTS OF LIFE SAVING (RATHER THAN DEATH) MAY OVERRIDE DEFENSE MECHANISMS THAT MIGHT CREATE NEGATIVE ATTITUDES TOWARD THE VACCINE, THUS INCREASING WILLINGNESS TO VACCINATE. ADDITIONAL STUDIES MANIPULATE THE STATUS QUO (MAKING THE DECISION NOT TO VACCINATE A DEVIATION FROM THE DEFAULT) AND EXAMINE THE EFFECT ON RISK PERCEPTIONS AND ON INCREASING WILLINGNESS TO VACCINATE. PART II OF THE STUDIES FOCUS ON INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN FEARS AND BELIEFS THAT ARE HYPOTHESIZED TO PLAY A MAJOR ROLE IN PEOPLE?S DECISIONS ABOUT VACCINATION, INCLUDING THE FEAR OF DEATH, RELIGIOUS BELIEFS, BELIEF IN A JUST WORLD AND BELIEF IN TEMPTING FATE. THIS PROJECT IS BEING SUPPORTED BY A PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION AND THE U.S.-ISRAEL BI-NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION. THIS AWARD REFLECTS NSF'S STATUTORY MISSION AND HAS BEEN DEEMED WORTHY OF SUPPORT THROUGH EVALUATION USING THE FOUNDATION'S INTELLECTUAL MERIT AND BROADER IMPACTS REVIEW CRITERIA.- SUBAWARDS ARE NOT PLANNED FOR THIS AWARD.

ARCHIVING THE HAWAII PERSONALITY AND HEALTH PROJECT

ARCHIVING THE COMPLETE DATA SET FROM THE OREGON YOUTH SUBSTANCE USE PROJECT.

EAGER: SAI: COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: CONCEPTUALIZING INTERORGANIZATIONAL PROCESSES FOR SUPPORTING INTERDEPENDENT LIFELINE INFRASTRUCTURE RECOVERY -STRENGTHENING AMERICAN INFRASTRUCTURE (SAI) IS AN NSF PROGRAM SEEKING TO STIMULATE HUMAN-CENTERED FUNDAMENTAL AND POTENTIALLY TRANSFORMATIVE RESEARCH THAT STRENGTHENS AMERICA?S INFRASTRUCTURE. EFFECTIVE INFRASTRUCTURE PROVIDES A STRONG FOUNDATION FOR SOCIOECONOMIC VITALITY AND BROAD QUALITY OF LIFE IMPROVEMENT. STRONG, RELIABLE, AND EFFECTIVE INFRASTRUCTURE SPURS PRIVATE-SECTOR INNOVATION, GROWS THE ECONOMY, CREATES JOBS, MAKES PUBLIC-SECTOR SERVICE PROVISION MORE EFFICIENT, STRENGTHENS COMMUNITIES, PROMOTES EQUAL OPPORTUNITY, PROTECTS THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT, ENHANCES NATIONAL SECURITY, AND FUELS AMERICAN LEADERSHIP. TO ACHIEVE THESE GOALS REQUIRES EXPERTISE FROM ACROSS THE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING DISCIPLINES. SAI FOCUSES ON HOW KNOWLEDGE OF HUMAN REASONING AND DECISION MAKING, GOVERNANCE, AND SOCIAL AND CULTURAL PROCESSES ENABLES THE BUILDING AND MAINTENANCE OF EFFECTIVE INFRASTRUCTURE THAT IMPROVES LIVES AND SOCIETY AND BUILDS ON ADVANCES IN TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING. AMERICAN LIFELINE INFRASTRUCTURES, SUCH AS DRINKABLE WATER, POWER SYSTEMS, AND GROUND TRANSPORTATION, INCLUDE TECHNOLOGY, ORGANIZATIONS, AND EXPERTISE THAT KEEP AMERICANS ALIVE AND WORKING. THEY ARE HIGHLY INTERDEPENDENT AND REQUIRE EACH OTHER?S FUNCTIONING FOR NORMAL OPERATION. YET PACIFIC NORTHWEST INFRASTRUCTURES ARE UNDER-PREPARED FOR THE CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE (CSZ) EARTHQUAKE (MAGNITUDE 9.0+), WITH A 7-15% PROBABILITY OVER THE NEXT 45 YEARS OR SO. IT LIKELY WILL DESTROY OR DAMAGE MANY INFRASTRUCTURES AT THE SAME TIME, MAKING LIFE DIFFICULT FOR MONTHS OR YEARS AS THESE LIFELINES ARE SLOWLY RESTORED ACROSS THE REGION. THIS PROJECT EXAMINES HOW OPERATORS AND MANAGERS?SPECIFICALLY, THE EXPERT STAFF WHO KEEP THE DRINKABLE WATER, POWER GRID, AND GROUND TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURES GOING?ARE PREPARED TO HANDLE SUCH RARE EXTREME HAZARDS. THE AIM OF THIS RESEARCH IS TO TRANSFORM HOW THE U.S. PREPARES FOR THE NEXT CSZ EARTHQUAKE, BY IMPROVING COORDINATED PREPAREDNESS AND RECOVERY OF INTERDEPENDENT INFRASTRUCTURES AFTER THE EARTHQUAKE, AND INFORMING HOW THESE INTERDEPENDENT INFRASTRUCTURES ARE DESIGNED, DEVELOPED, AND MAINTAINED TO ENHANCE THEIR RESILIENCE AND SUSTAINABILITY. AVOIDING WASTE IN COORDINATED RECOVERY OF THESE VARIOUS LIFELINE INFRASTRUCTURES COULD SAVE THOUSANDS OF LIVES AS WELL AS MILLIONS OF DOLLARS TO THE U.S. ECONOMY EVERY DAY. THE RESEARCH TEAM IS CONDUCTING TABLE-TOP EMERGENCY RESPONSE EXERCISES, DETAILED INTERVIEWS, AND GROUP DISCUSSIONS AND WITH CONTROL ROOM OPERATORS, MAINTENANCE SUPERVISORS, REAL-TIME SUPPORT STAFF, AND MANAGERS ACROSS POTABLE WATER, THE POWER GRID, AND GROUND TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURES. THESE ACTIVITIES HELP TO IDENTIFY CRITICAL SHARED OR INTERCONNECTED CONTROL VARIABLES (E.G., ELECTRICAL VOLTAGES, RESERVOIR RELEASE RATES, MANAGEMENT STRUCTURES) THAT MAY SEVERELY HAMPER COORDINATED RECOVERY IF NOT ACKNOWLEDGED AND PLANNED FOR. THESE DATA ARE USED TO DEVELOP AN AGENT-BASED MODEL (ABM), A COMPUTER MODEL THAT INCORPORATES HUMAN BEHAVIOR DATA INTO THE DESIGN OF ?AGENTS? WHO RESPOND TO VARIOUS SITUATIONS, TO IDENTIFY THE OUTCOMES OF VARIOUS EARTHQUAKE AND INFRASTRUCTURE RESPONSE SCENARIOS BEYOND THOSE USED IN THE INTERVIEW/DISCUSSION/EXERCISE WORK. KEY INFORMANTS IN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE IN WASHINGTON AND OREGON, THE STATES MOST VULNERABLE TO CONSEQUENCES OF A CSZ EARTHQUAKE, WILL BE CONSULTED AND INFORMED THROUGHOUT THE PROJECT TO MAXIMIZE ITS VALUE, WITH WIDER DISTRIBUTION OF RESULTS TO MULTIPLE STAKEHOLDERS THROUGH POLICY BRIEFS, WHITE PAPERS, AND PRESENTATIONS TO ENHANCE ITS VALUE FOR PRACTITIONERS. THE PROJECT AIMS TO PROVIDE SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE FOR A NEW DECISION-AID TOOL TO BE FURTHER RESEARCHED AND DEVELOPED. THIS PROJECT?S PROPOSED INTEGRATION OF SOCIAL SCIENCE (E.G., ORGANIZATIONAL OPERATIONS ANALYSIS, TRUST, VALUES) AND ENGINEERING THEORIES AND METHODS (E.G., RESILIENCE ENGINEERING, ABM) IS LARGELY UNTESTED BUT HAS THE POTENTIAL TO PROVIDE FIRST INSIGHTS INTO HOW INTERORGANIZATIONAL PROCESSES SUPPORT OR HINDER COORDINATED RECOVERY OF INTERDEPENDENT INFRASTRUCTURES. DESPITE THE UNIQUENESS OF A CSZ EARTHQUAKE EVENT, IT IS EXPECTED THAT MUCH OF THE NEW KNOWLEDGE GENERATED THROUGH THIS PROJECT WILL BE GENERALIZABLE TO OTHER DISASTERS AND REGIONS, GIVEN THAT FAILURES OF MULTIPLE INFRASTRUCTURES DO OCCUR SIMULTANEOUSLY IN OTHER HAZARD EVENTS. ANONYMIZED QUALITATIVE DATA AND OPEN-SOURCE SIMULATION SOFTWARE WILL BE MADE PUBLICLY AVAILABLE FOR OTHER RESEARCHERS AND PRACTITIONERS. THIS AWARD REFLECTS NSF'S STATUTORY MISSION AND HAS BEEN DEEMED WORTHY OF SUPPORT THROUGH EVALUATION USING THE FOUNDATION'S INTELLECTUAL MERIT AND BROADER IMPACTS REVIEW CRITERIA.- SUBAWARDS ARE NOT PLANNED FOR THIS AWARD.

RAPID: MEDIA EXPOSURE, OBJECTIVE KNOWLEDGE, RISK PERCEPTIONS, AND RISK MANAGEMENT PREFERENCES OF AMERICANS REGARDING THE NOVEL CORONAVIRUS OUTBREAK -THE SUDDEN OBSERVATION IN WUHAN, CHINA, IN DECEMBER, 2019, OF HUMANS INFECTED WITH A NEW VIRUS (OFFICIALLY 2019-NCOV VIRUS AND COVID-19 DISEASE, PUBLICLY KNOWN AS ?THE CORONAVIRUS?) PROVIDES YET ANOTHER EXAMPLE OF SCIENTISTS AND POLICYMAKERS BEING SURPRISED AS A VIRUS OBSERVED IN ANIMAL AND/OR BIRD POPULATIONS, OR TRANSMITTED BY MOSQUITOES, BECAME INFECTIOUS AND DAMAGING IN HUMANS (E.G., TWO CORONAVIRUSES: SARS 2002-2003, MERS 2012; RECENT MAJOR OUTBREAKS OF EBOLA VIRUS, 2014-2016, AND ZIKA VIRUS, 2015-2017). UNDERSTANDING DYNAMICS OF PUBLIC RESPONSES TO SUCH EVENTS UNDER UNCERTAINTY IS NECESSARY TO LEARN HOW TO AVOID EITHER UNDUE APATHY OR UNDUE PANIC. THIS PROJECT EXPLORES HOW AMERICANS? VIEWS OF AND BEHAVIOR TOWARDS THE CORONAVIRUS CHANGE?OR DO NOT CHANGE?OVER 9 MONTHS. THIS WILL SERVE THE NATIONAL INTEREST IN PROGRESS IN SCIENCE BY IMPROVING OUR UNDERSTANDING OF HOW PEOPLE?S BELIEFS, ATTITUDES, AND BEHAVIORS INTERACT BOTH WITHIN THE SAME PERSON OVER TIME, AND BETWEEN PEOPLE WITH INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN ATTITUDES AT A GIVEN TIME. THE RESEARCH TESTS A NOVEL MODEL OF HOW VIEWS OF PERSONAL AND COLLECTIVE SOLUTIONS TO WHAT APPEARS TO BE AN EMERGING PANDEMIC ARE AFFECTED BY BELIEFS AND ATTITUDES, WHICH BUILDS UPON PRIOR WORK INCLUDING THE PROTECTION ACTION DECISION MODEL. THE RESEARCH ALSO MAY IMPROVE PUBLIC HEALTH AND PROSPERITY BY REVEALING WHAT FACTORS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH PARTICULAR REACTIONS THAT MAY MAKE PUBLIC HEALTH PROTECTION EASIER OR HARDER TO IMPLEMENT. IT THUS AFFECTS WHETHER QUARANTINES, TRAVEL BANS, AND OTHER POLICIES MEANT TO BE PROTECTIVE HAMPER OR AMPLIFY ECONOMIC GROWTH AS WELL. THE PROJECT ALSO TESTS MESSAGES ABOUT FALSE BELIEFS AND FLU VACCINE EFFICACY THAT MAY INFORM PUBLIC HEALTH RISK COMMUNICATION AND THUS IMPROVE PUBLIC HEALTH. A LONGITUDINAL STUDY DESIGN SURVEYS THE SAME AMERICANS FIVE TIMES AT 2-MONTH INTERVALS, THUS OVER 9 MONTHS TOTAL. EACH WAVE OF THE PROJECT ASKS THE SAME QUESTIONS: PERCEIVED RISK; EMOTIONAL REACTIONS TO THE VIRUS; REPORTED PERSONAL PROTECTIVE BEHAVIOR AND SUPPORT FOR ACTUAL OR POTENTIAL GOVERNMENT POLICIES; AND BELIEFS ABOUT THOSE BEHAVIORS AND POLICIES; TRUST IN GOVERNMENT; SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE VIRUS; PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTANCE FROM THE VIRUS; HOW MUCH INDIVIDUALS ARE FOLLOWING NEWS ABOUT THE VIRUS; AND WHICH TYPES OF TRADITIONAL AND SOCIAL MEDIA SOURCES THEY USE AND WHICH OUTLETS THEY USE (E.G., DIFFERENT TV CHANNELS OR DIFFERENT SOCIAL MEDIA SITES). REPEATING THESE QUESTIONS OVER TIME ALLOWS THE RESEARCH TEAM TO EXAMINE WHETHER CHANGES OCCUR IN THESE VIEWS AND BEHAVIORS OVER TIME, OR RELATIONS BETWEEN FACTORS OVER TIME (FOR EXAMPLE, DO RISK PERCEPTIONS ACTUALLY PREDICT LATER PROTECTIVE BEHAVIORS). CERTAIN OTHER FACTORS, SUCH AS CULTURE, CONSPIRACY THOUGHTS, AND BLATANT AND SUBTLE PREJUDICE?ARE MEASURED DURING ONE SURVEY WAVE AS A CONTROL. THE SURVEY IS COMPLEMENTED BY CONTENT ANALYSIS OF MASS AND SOCIAL MEDIA INFORMATION FROM SOURCES THAT RESPONDENTS REPORT USING, SO THE RESEARCHERS CAN TEST EFFECTS OF THAT EXPOSURE ON OBJECTIVE KNOWLEDGE, RISK PERCEPTIONS, AND BEHAVIORS. AN INFORMATION MANIPULATION EXPERIMENT EMBEDDED IN THE LAST SURVEY WILL ALLOW TESTING OF WHETHER VACCINATION INTENTIONS FOR THE INFLUENZA (?FLU?) VIRUS CAN BE INCREASED IN LIGHT OF PERCEIVED THREAT FROM THIS CORONAVIRUS, AND WHETHER FALSE BELIEFS ABOUT THE CORONAVIRUS THREAT AND MANAGEMENT CAN BE DIMINISHED IN THE SHORT-TERM. THIS AWARD REFLECTS NSF'S STATUTORY MISSION AND HAS BEEN DEEMED WORTHY OF SUPPORT THROUGH EVALUATION USING THE FOUNDATION'S INTELLECTUAL MERIT AND BROADER IMPACTS REVIEW CRITERIA.- SUBAWARDS ARE NOT PLANNED FOR THIS AWARD.